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(Не)познатият език: Гергьовден при бесарабските българи

Author(s): Svitlana Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

Folk-calendar terminology is an expression of the national specificity of cultures. This makes its studying promising within the framework of the tendencies for ‘European-style thinking’ which have emerged since the beginning of the 21st century. The article examines St. George’s Day customs and rituals in their ethnolinguistic aspect. G’erg’ewd’en (Vch, Cub, Chsh), G’ergyovd’en (A, G, Kam, Dl, Z), G’ergyochd’en (A) , G’ergyouud’en(Kr), Gyorguvd’en (Kul), Gyorguud’en (R), Gerg’ofden (Cyr), G’argyovd’an (DN), Gergiuden (Or) – the largest and richest – in a ritual sense – spring religious vestive-ritual complex of the Bessarabian Bulgarians, which is celebrated on the 6th of May (on the 23rd of April old style) and is dedicated to the Christian saint George, who is – in the folk tradition – the protector of shepherds and flocks. The paper attempts to systematize and explore the peculiarities of the cultural dialect associated with St. George’s Day ritual sequence.

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Varia: За глаголната система у митр. Григорий Цамблак и в среднобългарския превод на Златоустовия хомилетичния свод „За серафимите“

Author(s): Teodora Ilieva G. / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The object of investigation in the present paper is the comparative study of the temporal system in translated and original works of Tarnovo and non-Tarnovo origin from the 14th century, published in the last decade. The study focuses on the parallel between the verbal system of the largely unresearched pre-Euthymian homiletic manuscript of six homilies “On the Seraphim”, translated by Dionysius Divni, and six works of the representative of TarnovoLiterary School – Metropolitan Gregory Tsamblak, which are genealogically connected with it. The following aspects have been studied contrastively: the paradigm of the verb tenses – Present tense, Past Imperfect, Past Aorist, Past Perfect, Plusquamperfectum, Future Simple, descriptive future-tense forms, Past Future tense; the unchanging infinitive; the verboids – present active participle, aorist active participle, passive participles; passive voice; conditional and imperative mood. Their similarities (conformity to Middle Bulgarian tendencies and Athonite influences) and differences (the degree of archaisation, individual style) have been inspected.

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Диалектни наименования на пролетните месеци в българския език

Author(s): Vladislav Milanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2022

The article is dedicated to an understudied issue in Bulgarian dialectology, namely the names of the months in different Bulgarian dialects. Some specific names of the spring months of March, April and May are examined, tracing the specific marks and processes characteristic of the daily life of the dialect speaker, which lie as a motivating base in the meaning of the words. It is clear from the research that most of the names of the spring months are characteristic of the entire linguistic territory, but there are also some more specific names that reflect activities specific to the calendar time and to the daily life of the dialect speaker. Such phenomena, holidays and various domestic and economic processes are associated with a reference to the women's holiday in the month of March and the changeable weather; with the greening of nature, with the Easter holidays and with the shearing of the sheep in the month of April; with St. George's Day, with the digging of corn and with the first cherries - in the month of May. Keywords dialect vocabulary, names of the spring months in the dialects, lexical wealth of the Bulgarian dialects.

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Sociolinguistic Credo of a Foreign Language Teacher: The Case of Digital Classroom

Author(s): Ekaterina A. Savkina,Elena G. Tareva,Dimitrina Lesnevskaya / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2022

The last two years saw a dramatic increase in the use of digital classrooms due to the new pandemic realities. Internet platforms and social networks offer teachers many options for interacting with their students and colleagues. Online communication differs from face-to-face communication in many aspects and for linguadidactic purposes should be reconsidered from a sociolinguistic point of view. The aim of the study is to explore sociolinguistic aspects of teachers’ nature in online intercultural communication. The study relies on a questionnaire and interviews to collect data about students’ level of sociolinguistic awareness, their ideas about professional online interaction, and their views on sociolinguistic difficulties. The research provides a comparative analysis of the sociolinguistic competence status in Russian and European methodology. The paper introduces the list of internal and external features that influence interlocutors’ sociolinguistic behavior during intercultural communication online. The results suggest that there are a lot of digital factors that determine the communication outcome. The term “sociolinguistic credo” and its definition are presented. It is admitted that external and internal peculiarities should be taken into account in order to train future foreign language teachers effectively. There should be equality of cultures, especially on the Internet where it is easy to lose all cultures behind avatars.

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Безотцовщина/безматерщина

Author(s): Lyudmil Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The text attempts to conceptualize the four late plays of A. P. Chekhov– “The Seagull”, “Uncle Vanya”, “Three Sisters” and “The Cherry Orchard”, written between 1895 and 1904, as a cycle. The common places and problems in them are noted with the following regularity: once introduced, a given motif is not limited to the relevant drama in which it appears, but is reinterpreted until it exhausts its possibilities. In this sense, the article suggests the dramatical strategies of the mature Chekhov, betting on themes and characters with serious poetic potential, forming a recognizable, precisely Chekhovian macroplot. The semiotic centerin it is fatherlessness, understood not so much as the absence of the father and, respectively, the disintegration of the patriarchal community, but also as destitution, uncertainty, pathlessness, lack of a stable perspective and the related fears for the upcoming – near or more distant – ruin. However, the missing father is not at all compensated by the presence of the mother – on the contrary, the primal matriarchy in which the Russian mythological mentality resides is also denied.

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Les mots pour rire

Author(s): Bilyana Mihaylova / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2023

The article examines the origin of the words denoting ‘laugh’ and ‘laughter’ in the Indo-European languages. The semantic changes are analyzed on the basis of the relation ‘A’ > ‘laugh, laughter’, A being the source meaning. The descendants of a single root with primary meaning ‘laugh’ are spread out in several Indo-European languages: the root *smey-. Expectedly, the most common source of the words for laugh are some primary concepts related to different sounds. Other semantic developments that have been found are from words with primary meaning ‘show one’s teeth, make a grimace’, ‘brilliant, joy’, ‘pleasure’ and ‘burst’, the latter giving also rise to expressions such as English ‘burst in laugh’.

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Интеракционен анализ на чувствителните епизоди в диалози от системи за изучаване на чужд език (френски и английски): особености на комуникацията в полза на учещите чужд език

Author(s): Magdalena Markova,Kristin Dimitrova-Trendafilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

Study objects are dialogues in French and English language learning systems. Studied are techniques of constructing dialogicity in them and the patterns of verbal behaviour recommended in tense, conflictual or apparently calm situations in which the 'ritual equilibrium' between participants is disturbed. This approach provides an opportunity to become familiar with the functioning of different communicative tools used to overcome difficulties in a real environment. The study draws attention to some cultural and interactional specificities of verbal communication that highlight common attitudes and skills of participants as well as communicative intentions and goals in different situations.

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Щрихи от епистоларната теория за „Доброто Писание“ на „Красни Писма“ в „Славеноболгарский предручний послателник за наставлениe на болгарските юноши“ (1835) от Неофит Бозвели и Емануил Васкидович

Author(s): Maria Mitskova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The hereby offered article points out some strokes from the revival epistolary theory that is presented on the pages of the letter-writing manual “Slavenobolgarskiy predruchniy poslatelnik za nastavleniya na bolgarski yunoshi” (1835) by Neophyte Bozvely nad Emanuil Vaskidovitch. The main target of the following research is the philological insight of the two teachers from Svishtov in the aspects of soundness of language and its stylistic perfection, and their following instructions concerning the writing of good and proper letters. Following the basic beliefs of the European Enlightenment and especially the correlation between the right, the virtuous and the beautiful, Bozvely and Vaskidovitch are constructing their own concept about the language and style of the letter by planting the two principles: “Write good when you do” and “Write just as you speak”. Under the banner of these two absolutes the coauthors introduce the stylistic demands for brevity, simplicity, aptness and beauty of language.

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The Concept of Subjectivity in the Light of Józef Tischner’s Thought

Author(s): Krzysztof Wielecki / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2022

Reverend Józef Tischner was undoubtedly one of the most outstanding Polish philosophers of the second half of the twentieth century. What we owe to this student of Roman Ingarden is the flourishing of phenomenology and the philosophy of dialog not only in our domestic philosophical, but also sociological, psychological, and anthropological thought. His philosophy of drama is an original and very important current, which is enriched not only by the “Queen of the Sciences” but also offers great support to the related sciences, particularly sociological sciences. Within them, subjectivity is an extremely important subject of contemplation. This article is a sketch of the analysis of the benefits that a sociologist, researcher of subjectivity, can derive from reading Józef Tischner’s works.

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Енантиосемия – систематизиране и видове в сравнителен план

Author(s): Magdalena Nikolova-Tsaneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The paper discusses the phenomenon of enantiosemy in linguistics – its nature, appearance and belonging to one of the following groups: polysemy, homonymy or antonymy. The enantiosemy theme has been in the scope of linguists for more than century and a half. At the beginning it was believed that this phenomenon could be examined only in Slavic languages, because some of the first findings for it were in Russian, Chech and Bulgarian. Nowadays enantiosemy examples are excerpted in French, German, English and other non – Slavic languages. It is an attempt to classify different research approaches and to describe a new type of enantiosemy, from a contrastive perspective, which in this paper is called affixal enantiosemy. In accordance with a certain context, the affixal enantiosemy clarifies the semantics of the affix which is part of a lexeme.

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Общие трудности разных категорий говорящих при употреблении русских имен существительных и именных словосочетаний

Author(s): Galina Shamonina,Leonid Moskovkin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2023

The purpose of the study is to resolve the issue of whether there are difficulties of the Russian language that are common to different categories of learners of this language. Research methods are identification and comparative analysis of deviations from the norms in the use of nouns and noun phrases. The material of the study is data from observations of oral speech, written works, transcripts of recordings of stories based on pictures. The objects of analysis are the facts of deviations from the norms in the use of nouns and noun phrases in the speech of foreigners who study Russian as a second language, Russian-German bilinguals at the age of 10-15 years, Russian monolinguals at the age of 10 – 15 years. As a result of the study, the most typical similar grammatical errors were identified, indicating the general difficulties of the Russian language: the replacement of some case forms by others, the replacement of some forms by others within the same case, the replacement of prepositions, the mixing of possessive pronouns, violations of the agreement between the main and dependent words. The study has confirmed the hypothesis that there are common difficulties of the Russian language, which do not depend on the native language of students and are due to the structural diversity of the grammatical phenomena of the Russian language.

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Проницаемостта на формите на конклузива в съвременния български език

Author(s): Krasimira Aleksova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The article examines the permeability of composite conclusive forms in the active and passive voice in modern Bulgarian. The author distinguishes two cases: permeability from short dative and accusative personal pronouns and from the particle “se” with a pronominal origin, as well as permeability from the particle “li” and other particles, inserted remarks, adverbs, and simple sentences. In addition is provided an overview of specific and generalised models of permeability, supported by examples from language corpora and the internet. The conclusions highlight both the common and unique features of the permeability of composite verb forms. To substantiate this, the author relies on examples obtained from language corpora and the internet, encompassing short personal pronouns, adverbs, particles like “se” and “li”, inserts, simple sentences, as well as composite forms where permeability is not feasible. Additionally, identified are several cases where penetration in two places from the same linguistic elements is possible. The presented examples and models, along with the resulting conclusions, prove that the process of grammaticalisation at a formal level is not fully accomplished in the Bulgarian verb paradigm. This is due to the fact that composite forms are permeable to other elements. The author applies K. Lehmann's parameter of grammaticalization to demonstrate that, as the process of grammaticalisation progresses, both the ability to rearrange elements and the permeability from other linguistic units decreases.

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Местоименията – между когницията и граматикализацията

Author(s): Mariana Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

Pronouns are an excerpt of grammaticalization, its linguistic explication. The paradigm of pronouns and its logical functionality in the invariable relationship with their prototypes, where first and foremost together with that stands the self as the autonomy of the cognitively tempted and devoted to this selfconsciousness, makes sense of grammaticalization as a mechanism of categorical extension.

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Impact of Internet Resources Used by Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan University Students for English Learning

Author(s): Jannat Sagimbayeva,Gulzhakhan Tazhitova,Ainagul Mukhtarkhanova,Dina Kurmanayeva,Karachach Duvanaeva / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

This paper explores the internet resources used by Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan universities students for English learning. Use of Internet resources in learning English became one of the relevant topics nowadays. As theoretical methods generalization, analysis and a questionnaire as an empirical method have been used in the study. Based on the empirical data the authors tried to identify which internet resources students of both countries use in their learning English and their influence for successful learning. Moreover, the study revealed the factors that impact and restrict students to use internet resources in learning English. The authors believe that teachers should direct, encourage their students to use internet resources for learning and incorporate the materials from different resources into English classes.

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Езикът и модернизмът (върху творби на Петко Тодоров)

Author(s): Tsvetan Rakyovski / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The article analyses the language of Petko Todorov's idylls and dramas. In the opinion of early twentieth-century reviewers, these works are distinguished by an artificial language that in many places becomes incomprehensible. The reasons are rooted in two factors – deliberately archaic vocabulary and confused syntax. Petko Todorov uses a huge number of Turkish words, mistakenly believing that they will create a vernacular sound to the narrative or dramatic action. On the other hand, he reworks the structure of his sentences, and very often they end with a verb. These two strategies (to give way to archaic, obsolete words) and to slow down the action by aggravating the syntax, result in a blurring of meaning because the archaic words are no longer familiar to the rehearser, and because no one speaks like the characters of idylls and dramas like The Masons or The Marriage of Smay.

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Комунизъм и християнство: канонизацията на отец Паисий Хилендарски

Author(s): Sirma Danova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

With the present article, we set ourselves the task of first looking at the event context in which the beatification of Father Paisius of Hilendar took place in 1962 when the state marked the 200th anniversary of the writing of Slav-Bulgarian History. The incorporation of Father Paisius of Hilendar into the ranks of the saints takes place in the context of the restoration of the patriarchal status of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, resp. of Bulgarian-Russian political relations.

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За мисията на съвременния български езиковед

Author(s): Vladislav Milanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The article deals with the role of the contemporary Bulgarian linguist in the complex processes of codification of literary-linguistic norms. The text is linked to the 75th anniversary of the eminent Bulgarian linguist Prof. Vladko Murdarov. The object of the analytical observations in the text are problems related to the codification of literary-language norms, to the curricula and textbooks on Bulgarian language in secondary school; to the notion of language policy, as well as to the issues of the public image of the Bulgarian language in the media space. A brief overview is given of important historical processes that have shaped the development of the Bulgarian language and its science. The author summarizes the important features that every contemporary linguist should possess - depth of linguistic knowledge in synchronous and diachronic terms, a sense of the dynamics of linguistic processes in order to be able to objectively reflect the complex processes of language development, linking them to the complex and dynamic processes of social development.

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Етнолингвистични проекти и приложението им в образователния процес в чуждоезикова среда

Author(s): Maria Dobrikova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

The article presents the characteristics of two research projects conducted by the Department of Slavic Philology in the Faculty of Arts at Comenius University in Bratislava, focused on the field of ethnolinguistics and ethnophraseology, which pertain to the perception of the supernatural in languages and cultures of the West Slavic and South Slavic areas. Particular emphasis is placed on the perspective of applying the knowledge gained during the research in the educational process, for instance, within lectures such as “Slavic Linguistic Image of the World”, “Slavic Phraseology”, “Slavic Dialectology”, as well as in designing topics for final papers, and so on.

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Диференцирано преподаване в час по чужд език – слушане с разбиране и четене с разбиране чрез LearningApps

Author(s): Nikolina Iskarova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2023

Listening comprehension and reading comprehension play an essential role in foreign language acquisition, but learners differ on a number of indicators related to this aspect. The aim of this paper is to examine different options for the effective use of the LearningApps online platform in differentiated instruction in a foreign language classroom when the focus is on developing listening comprehension or reading comprehension skills, since a differentiated approach implies greater learner emotional engagement, greater motivation to learn, and better learning performance compared to a non-differentiated one. In order to achieve this goal, the views of scholars in the fields of psychology, pedagogy and language teaching methodology are taken into account. Based on the analysis, a number of requirements are derived for the teacher in using LearningApps to develop learners' skills on the speech activities under consideration.

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АНАЛИЗА НАЧИНА ПИСАЊА САЖЕТАКА У ЧАСОПИСУ "ЛИПАР"

Author(s): Sanja Markeljić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 79/2022

This paper deals with the manner of writing abstracts for the scientific papers published in the journal Lipar. The aim of the paper is to determine which information the authors of abstracts list when writing them and how much their man- ner of writing deviates from the theoretic rules of writing this element of scientific- critical apparatus. For this purpose, we collected a corpus of 50 scientific abstracts whose structure was compared with the model abstract formed by combining models offered in the journal Lipar and in the works we cited. The results of the research were as follows: 1) no example of the so-called all-inclusive model of a scientific abstract;2) a total of 13 models was found; 3) the models subject (corpus) + method + goal + result and subject (corpus) + method + goal proved to be the most common ones in the corpus, but not significantly more common than the remaining models. Based on the listed results, we may conclude that the manner of writing a scientific abstract is far more diversified than the referenced works show.

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