Икономиката на България и Европейския съюз: инфлация, фискална консолидация и устойчиво развитие : Осемнадесета международна научна конференция на младите учени : Сборник с доклади

Съвременната инфлация и новата концепция за икономическа сигурност

Съвременната инфлация и новата концепция за икономическа сигурност
(Contemporary Inflation and the New Concept of Economic Security)

Author(s):Tatiana Hubenova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Economic policy, Evaluation research, Economic development, Financial Markets
Page Range:29-44
No. of Pages:16
Keywords:inflation; price stability; economic growth; money and interest rates; income policies
Summary/Abstract:The report examines the specifics of modern inflation in the context of the paradigm shift for economic growth. The characteristics of modern inflation after the pandemic crisis and its factor conditioning in the conditions of revival of economic activity, increased aggregate demand and increase in international commodity market prices in connection with market segmentation and difficulties in global value chains are formulated. The analysis reveals the essence and characteristics of modern inflation as a multifactorial phenomenon that determines the choice of policies and the difficulties in achieving synergy between them. The typology of the types of inflation is substantiated, and their specifics are considered sequentially. There is a focus on green inflation and wage gap inflation, the rise of which is debated as to the effect on inflation. Conclusions are systematized about the relationship between modern inflation and economic security as a factor determining the sustainability of inflation, and problems and perspectives in the European context are outlined.

Предизвикателства пред фискалната консолидация

Предизвикателства пред фискалната консолидация
(Fiscal Consolidation Challenges)

Author(s):Plamen Oresharski
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting
Page Range:45-53
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:fiscal consolidation; fiscal policy; fiscal rules; Bulgaria
Summary/Abstract:This paper identifies the main challenges to fiscal consolidation in Bulgaria. In this regard, the key components and prerequisites for achieving fiscal consolidation, discussions on the benefits of fiscal consolidation and types of fiscal policies are examined. An analysis of the periods of fiscal expansion and consolidation in Bulgaria was made.

Прилагането на ЕSG изискванията на европейските регулации в банките в България: основни проблеми

Прилагането на ЕSG изискванията на европейските регулации в банките в България: основни проблеми
(The Application of ESG requirements of European Regulations in Banks in Bulgaria: Main Problems)

Author(s):Virzhiniya Zhelyazkova, Sneji Slavova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets, EU-Legislation
Page Range:54-62
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:ESG; banking risks; disclosures; sustainable development
Summary/Abstract:In recent years, there has been a rapid growth in the number of European Union regulations in the field of the implementation of environmental, social and governance (ESG) policies by banks. The rapid pace of their introduction is due to the EU’s aspIn recent years, there has been a rapid growth in the number of European Union regulations in the field of the implementation of environmental, social and governance (ESG) policies by banks. The rapid pace of their introduction is due to the EU’s aspiration to play the role of a leader in sustainable development policy globally. However, this ambitious goal poses a number of practical problems for banks in Bulgaria as well, and in this report the authors seek to outline the main ones, guided by the understanding that knowing the problems is the first step towards solving them.

Биткойн срещу блокчейн бизнес приложението в контекста на пазарната ефективност

Биткойн срещу блокчейн бизнес приложението в контекста на пазарната ефективност
(Bitcoin vs. Blockchain Business Models in the Context of Market Efficiency)

Author(s):Vladimir Tsenkov, Georgi Georgiev
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Page Range:63-76
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:efficient markets hypothesis; Bitcoin; market (information) efficiency; market (shocks) Impulses; blockchain business application
Summary/Abstract:The empirical study aims to verify the existence of a relationship between the extreme volatility dynamics of Bitcoin and the business application of blockchain technology. If the extreme amplitudes of volatility fluctuations of the most representative cryptocurrency are related to the performance of the business application of blockchain technology, then the characteristics of Bitcoin volatility and that of the stocks of companies actively applying blockchain technology in their business model should be similar. In order to investigate these characteristics, the assumptions of the Efficient Markets Hypothesis are used and the measurement of market efficiency and the magnitude of impact of market shocks are carried out. Examining the volatility characteristics of Bitcoin and the 16 companies studied showed not only significant differences, but also opposite characteristics, both in terms of market efficiency and how market (shock) impulses are reflected. These empirical results give us a reason to reject the possibility of determining the existence of extreme volatility of Bitcoin with the results of the practical application of blockchain technology in a business environment and put the emphasis on the role of market psychology and the rationality of investment expectations as a significant factor in the dynamics of Bitcoin volatility.

Предивикателства пред внедряването на високорискови системи в съответствие с европейската регулаторна рамка относно изкуствения интелект в МСП сектор

Предивикателства пред внедряването на високорискови системи в съответствие с европейската регулаторна рамка относно изкуствения интелект в МСП сектор
(High-risk Systems Implementation Challenges in Accordance with the European Regulatory Framework on Artificial Intelligence in the SME Sector)

Author(s):Galya Mancheva
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, EU-Legislation
Page Range:77-82
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:artificial intelligence; European Union; small and medium size enterprises
Summary/Abstract:This research aims to explore the challenges faced by enterprises in the SME sector regarding high-risk applications regulated in the new European Union regulatory proposal on artificial intelligence (AI). High-risk applications as well as challenges to high-risk systems are presented sequentially. The benefits and advantages for SMEs are stated as a conclusion.

How Can Open Data Help Banks Become Greener?

How Can Open Data Help Banks Become Greener?
(How Can Open Data Help Banks Become Greener?)

Author(s):Virginia Zhelyazkova, Dafinka Lazarova
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Environmental and Energy policy, Commercial Law
Page Range:83-91
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:open banking; environmental risk management; green bank, ESG; regulatory developments
Summary/Abstract:This report summarizes the vital role of open banking in advancing environmental risk management and the green banking concept within the European financial landscape. The text delves into the evolving regulatory framework emphasizing sustainability and the pressure on financial institutions, particularly banks, to adapt to these changes. It discusses how banks are increasingly accountable for the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance of their lending portfolios and the challenges they face, especially regarding insufficient customer ESG data. The solution offered by open banking is highlighted, demonstrating its potential to bridge information gaps, thereby aiding banks in identifying and promoting 'green' activities and managing ESG risks effectively. The concept of a green bank is explored, defining it as an entity with a focused commitment to financing sustainable activities. The text finishes by highlighting the transformative potential of open banking in aligning bank operations with ESG goals, enhancing regulatory compliance, and fostering the development of environmentally friendly banking products and services.

Оптимизация на данъчните задължения посредством баланс между икономически и данъчни амортизации

Оптимизация на данъчните задължения посредством баланс между икономически и данъчни амортизации
(Tax Liabilities Optimization Through Balancing Economic and Tax Depreciation)

Author(s):Evgeni Raykov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:92-101
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:economic and tax depreciation; tax liabilities; present value; long-term tax burden
Summary/Abstract:In this paper we present some practical aspects of the opportunities for optimization of tax liabilities of the companies in a long-term taking into account the impact of time value of money, investment activity, capital structure and the balance between real economic usage of companies’ assets and tax exemptions of the reimbursement value of the invested capital (regulating the potential effect of the depreciation fund for tax savings). The purpose of this study to show how a company may achieve zero long-term tax burden of its corporate taxation.

Българският опит при финансиране чрез капиталовия пазар на малките и средни предприятия в страната

Българският опит при финансиране чрез капиталовия пазар на малките и средни предприятия в страната
(The Bulgarian Experience in Financing Through the Capital Market of the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in the Country)

Author(s):Snezhana Yotinska
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Micro-Economics, Financial Markets
Page Range:102-114
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:capital market; SME Growth Markets; SME Growth market BEAM
Summary/Abstract:The report examines the opportunities for financing through the capital market of the small and medium-sized enterprises in the country by analysing of the Bulgarian SME Growth market – BEAM (Bulgarian Enterprise Accelerator Market). In this context, the prerequisites for creation, the nature and specifics of the SME Growth market BEAM has been investigated. A comparative analysis of financing opportunities through the Main Market of the Bulgarian Stock Exchange and the SME Growth market BEAM has been carried out, by comparison the criteria, procedures and stages for listing companies on both markets. The development trends of the BEAM market from its launch in early 2021 to the end of September 2023 have also been outlined.

Инфлация и сътресенията в съвкупното търсене и съвкупното предлагане

Инфлация и сътресенията в съвкупното търсене и съвкупното предлагане
(Inflation and Shocks in Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply)

Author(s):Ivan Todorov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Economic policy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Financial Markets, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:115-123
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:macroeconomic dynamics; inflation; monetary policy
Summary/Abstract:Following the prolonged period of low inflation rate over the past two years, there has been a period of higher rate that has significantly exceeded the targets of the leading central banks (e.g. ECB, Fed, BoE). This research focuses on the fundamental difference in inflation in the US and the Eurozone.

Сравнителен анализ на публичните разходи за предучилищно и начално училищно образование в страните от Европейския съюз

Сравнителен анализ на публичните разходи за предучилищно и начално училищно образование в страните от Европейския съюз
(Comparative Analysis of Public Expenditure on Pre-primary and Primary School Education in the European Union Member States)

Author(s):Velichka Nikolova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Economy, Education, Business Economy / Management, Political Theory, Sociology, Developing nations, Politics and society, Preschool education, School education, Social development, Economic development, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Public Finances
Page Range:124-136
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:education; public expenditure; pre-primary; primary
Summary/Abstract:Investing in education by the government can be seen as a key factor in the prosperity of both the individual and society as a whole. In this regard, in the process of gaining knowledge, it is essential to lay the foundations, which is achieved through education in the early childhood. To this end, the present report focuses on public expenditure on pre-primary and primary education which has been compared across the European Union member states.

Анализ на степента на реална конвергенция на икономиката на България с икономиките на страните-членки на Европейския съюз през периода 2017–2022 г.

Анализ на степента на реална конвергенция на икономиката на България с икономиките на страните-членки на Европейския съюз през периода 2017–2022 г.
(Analysis of the Degree of Real Convergence of the Bulgarian Economy with the Economies of the Member States of the European Union in the Period 2017-2022)

Author(s):Aglika Kaneva
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Governance, Economic policy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:137-145
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:euro area; euro; real convergence
Summary/Abstract:In this paper the degree of real convergence of the Bulgarian economy with the European economy has been assessed by analyzing some of the indicators of real convergence such as price level, GDP per capita and labour productivity. Major economic indicators for Bulgaria in the period 2017 – 2022 have been examined.

Предизвикателствата пред управлението на ликвидността на съвременната банка

Предизвикателствата пред управлението на ликвидността на съвременната банка
(Challenges to the Liquidity Management of the Modern Bank)

Author(s):Darina Koleva
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets, Accounting - Business Administration, Commercial Law
Page Range:146-153
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:banks; liquidity management; banking regulations
Summary/Abstract:A stable and well-managed banking system is a key factor for the sustainable economic development of any country. Traditionally, the banks’ stability is associated with their solvency, but effective liquidity management is what determines which bank will remain in the business and for how long. This study outlines the classic challenges to liquidity risk management in the banking system and tracks the evolution in the approaches and strategies used. The new challenges for the banks generated by the dynamic development of monetary relations on a global scale are also explored. Their resolution is likely to lead to industry restructuring, changes in the business models followed and the services provided.

Парична политика в страните от ЕС – генератор на инфлация и/или растеж?

Парична политика в страните от ЕС – генератор на инфлация и/или растеж?
(Monetary Policy in EU Countries – Inflation and/or Growth Generator)

Author(s):Milena Kovachevich
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Economic policy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Public Finances, Socio-Economic Research, EU-Legislation
Page Range:154-164
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:Inflation; growth; monetary policy; cointegration analysis
Summary/Abstract:Over the past almost two decades, expansionary monetary policy has been increasingly used both during and after the onset of crises of various natures. Although, according to the theory, in the long term the use of monetary policy instruments does not lead to stimulating the economy and increasing growth, the countries in the EU, and more specifically in the Euro area, have systematically implemented a growth-stimulating monetary policy after 2008. Through the prism of cointegration analysis, the study reveals whether there is a long-run relationship between economic growth and money supply and/or whether such a relationship exists between money supply and inflation.

Устойчиво финансиране чрез "зелени" облигации: фактори за успех, ползи и предизвикателства

Устойчиво финансиране чрез "зелени" облигации: фактори за успех, ползи и предизвикателства
(Sustainable Financing Through Green Bonds: Success Factors, Benefits and Challenges)

Author(s):Katerina Vojcheska-Nikodinoska
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Business Economy / Management, Governance, Economic policy, Environmental and Energy policy, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Financial Markets, Socio-Economic Research, EU-Legislation
Page Range:165-176
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:sustainable investments; green finance; issuing green bonds
Summary/Abstract:Sustainable finance as a key area continues to gain momentum as governments and corporate issuers pay increasing attention to environmental, social and governance factors, and investors, regulators and other stakeholders encourage more robust ESG practices. Interest in sustainable finance accelerated in 2020, with the COVID-19 pandemic highlighting the need for funds to help economies, businesses and people recover in a responsible way that addresses environmental and social challenges. The report is structured in three parts: a literature review exploring the success factors, benefits and challenges of issuing green bonds as identified by researchers in different countries; then we use the methodological potential of the analyzed area to formulate expert research; and we summarize the results of the study and suggestions for its further development. The results show that the issuer’s reputation, good credit rating and environmental, social and governance performance are key considerations for the success of issuing green bonds. The main benefits of green bonds are that they carry low investment risk with the ability to raise large investment amounts while providing quantifiable visible benefits. While the challenges related to the issuance of green bonds include greenwashing, the questionable role of the green bond market in environmental protection, and insufficient financial and economic benefits of issuance.

Национални планове за възстановяване и устойчивост – цели, приоритети и изпълнение

Национални планове за възстановяване и устойчивост – цели, приоритети и изпълнение
(National Recovery and Resilience Plans – Purposes, Priorities and Results)

Author(s):Angel Angelov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Governance, Public Law, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting
Page Range:177-188
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:funding; recovery; resilience; COVID-19; investment
Summary/Abstract:The COVID-19 pandemic that emerged at the beginning of the current decade has negatively affected European economies. As a result, various instruments have been developed within the European Union to provide support to member states in dealing with the social and economic consequences of this pandemic. The present study focuses on the analysis of the purposes, policies and current results of the Recovery and Resilience Facility and the national plans financed through this instrument.

Преглед и анализ на нормативната среда за развитие на допълнително осигуряване за безработица в България

Преглед и анализ на нормативната среда за развитие на допълнително осигуряване за безработица в България
(Overview and Analysis of the Regulatory Framework of Supplementary Unemployment Insurance Development in Bulgaria)

Author(s):Kremena Choutilova-Yochkolovska
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Public Law, Labor relations, Economic policy, Government/Political systems, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:189-202
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:Code of social insurance; supplementary voluntary insurance; unemployment; professional qualification
Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the report is to provide an overview and analysis of the current legislation in the field of the supplementary insurance for unemployment and/or professional qualification. We have focused on the more important aspects of the organization and management of this type of insurance having analyzed the legislation of the voluntary form under which it could only exist at the current stage. We have also tried to find the possible reasons for the dead point in which this activity has been frozen having in mind the lack of companies able to practically organize the development of the voluntary unemployment insurance model.

Опитът на Чили в развитието на осигурителен модел за безработица, основан на индивидуални сметки

Опитът на Чили в развитието на осигурителен модел за безработица, основан на индивидуални сметки
(Chile’s Experience in Developing an Unemployment Insurance Model Based on Individual Accounts)

Author(s):Kremena Choutilova-Yochkolovska
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Governance, Labor relations, Economic policy, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:203-211
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:unemployment insurance; fully funded model; individual savings accounts; Chile
Summary/Abstract:The focus of this report is to uncover and trace Chile’s experience in building and refining a fully funded unemployment insurance model. The review provided an insight into the architecture of the unemployment insurance system based on individual savings accounts and how it is harmonized with the unemployment solidarity fund. Emphasis has been added on the organizational structure and changes that have taken place over the years in order the insurance model to be improved.

Ефекти на преки чуждестранни инвестиции в България

Ефекти на преки чуждестранни инвестиции в България
(Effects of Foreign Direct Investments in Bulgaria)

Author(s):Galya Vladimirova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Economic policy, International relations/trade, Financial Markets, Public Finances, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:212-221
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:changes; foreign direct investment; gross domestic product
Summary/Abstract:The presented work examines the changes and the effect of foreign direct investment during the period under review. The change in the indicators, the conditions of work, the discovery of new opportunities for activity in Bulgaria.

Концептуална логика на финансовия мениджмънт

Концептуална логика на финансовия мениджмънт
(Conceptual Logic of Financial Management)

Author(s):Georgi Zhelyazkov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets
Page Range:222-230
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:financial management; cash flows; financial concepts
Summary/Abstract:Financial management is the basis of the management of any activity, be it at the level of a country, a company, another type of organization or a household. Therefore, it is important to know its conceptual logic. This issue is particularly relevant today, when the economy operates in the context of inflationary processes and increased uncertainty of both economic and geopolitical nature. The subject of this report are the fundamental points characterizing financial management. It is their mastery that is a basic prerequisite for the successful management of finances at all levels, regardless of the specifics of the situation.

Проблеми пред управлението на паричните потоци в условията на променящи се цени и някои подходи за тяхното решаване

Проблеми пред управлението на паричните потоци в условията на променящи се цени и някои подходи за тяхното решаване
(Problems of Cash Flow Management in the Condition of Changing Prices and Some Approaches to Solving Them)

Author(s):Georgi Zhelyazkov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets
Page Range:231-240
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:prices; inflation; cash flow management
Summary/Abstract:There are situations where standard cash flow management methodologies are not always applicable. For example, in cases of business reorganization, in a period of financial difficulties, including bankruptcy, in a period of inflation, etc. One of the most important economic problems that management constantly faces is price. The problems arising when working with prices are multifaceted. In this respect, the variety of prices, different pricing schemes and their constant change should be taken into account. The last aspect is the most relevant, since the tendency for their increase is observed practically continuously in all countries. Unlike many other economic categories, inflation has not only a theoretical, but also a purely utilitarian meaning. The focus of this report is on some key issues facing businesses in volatile price environments and approaches to dealing with them.

Ролята на преките чуждестранни инвестиции за ускоряване на икономическото развитие на България

Ролята на преките чуждестранни инвестиции за ускоряване на икономическото развитие на България
(The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Accelerating the Economic Development of Bulgaria)

Author(s):Mehmed Rasim
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, International relations/trade, Financial Markets, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Page Range:241-247
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:economy; inflation; crisis; prosperity and digitalization
Summary/Abstract:One of the biggest challenges in developing countries is the lack of accumulated capital that should provide the necessary investments for economic growth. Developing countries are increasingly implementing FDI-oriented policies to improve their international competitiveness and secure capital for economic development.

Марковски превключващ мултифрактален модел: симулиране на рисковия профил на българския финансов пазар

Марковски превключващ мултифрактален модел: симулиране на рисковия профил на българския финансов пазар
(Markov Switching Multifractal Model: Simulating the Risk Profile of the Bulgarian Financial Market)

Author(s):Petar Rangelov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Financial Markets, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:248-261
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:multifractal model
Summary/Abstract:The publication is a continuation of the article "Application of Fractal Geometry in Studies of the Bulgarian Financial Market", included in issue 2 of 2023 of the "Economic and Social Alternatives" journal. In this study, the main concepts resulting from the application of fractal geometry aimed at describing the dynamics of financial markets and in particular, the main Bulgarian stock market index SOFIX, were demonstrated. The current study builds on the application of fractal analysis in the field of the Bulgarian financial market and for this purpose one of the leading fractal models is presented – the continuous binomial Markov Switching Multifractal Model. A diagnostic comparative analysis of the ability to fit the real data between the selected fractal model and a control group of leading econometric models from the family of the autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity was made. In conclusion, a simulated reconstruction of the returns of price trajectories produced by the multifractal model was performed, and it can be clearly seen that the simulated returns mimic extremely accurately the real observed data and risk profile of the index.

Анализ на успеваемостта по дисциплината „Финансово счетоводство“ от студентите от ОКС бакалавър при УНСС – София

Анализ на успеваемостта по дисциплината „Финансово счетоводство“ от студентите от ОКС бакалавър при УНСС – София
(Analysis of the Success Rate in the Discipline "Financial Accounting" by the Students from the Bachelor's Degree at the UNWE – Sofia)

Author(s):Snejana Bacheva, Borislav Boyanov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Education, Sociology, Higher Education , Evaluation research, Accounting - Business Administration, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:262-280
No. of Pages:19
Keywords:financial accounting; success rate; bachelor's degree
Summary/Abstract:This report presents the results of an empirical study of the results achieved in the discipline "Financial Accounting" by students in "Accounting" and "Finance", full-time, educational and qualification degree of Bachelor at the UNWE for the academic years 2020/2021, 2021/2022 and 2022/2023. An analysis of the structure and distribution of the results of the regular and resit examination sessions in the discipline was carried out. The dynamics of the success rate of students from both specialties during the period under review are studied. Conclusions are drawn about the success rate of students in the conditions of the COVID and post COVID pandemic and alternative opportunities for increasing student performance are outlined. Object of the study are students from the specialities “Accounting” and “Finance”, educational and qualification degree Bachelor, full-time education, students at the UNWE – Sofia. The subject of the study covers the taught discipline "Financial Accounting" during a period of three academic years: 2020/2021, 2021/2022, 2022/2023. The aim of the study is to examine the success rate of students in the discipline "Financial Accounting" through analysis of the results achieved and on this basis to draw conclusions and generalizations about the current state and approaches to improving the results. Information assurance: the empirical research was carried out on the population of units, i.e. all students from the specialities "Accounting" and " Finance", educational and qualification degree of Bachelor were covered, using primary information from the protocols of regular and resit examination sessions.

Управление на качеството на външния одит в публичния сектор – нов МСВОИ 140

Управление на качеството на външния одит в публичния сектор – нов МСВОИ 140
(External Audit Quality Management in the Public Sector – New IAS 140)

Author(s):Toma Donchev
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Public Administration, Public Finances, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:281-289
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:quality management; SAI
Summary/Abstract:Quality management of audit directly affects the achievement of the objectives of the audit and of the Supreme Audit Institutions. The internationally accepted basis for quality management is ISSAI 140, adopted by INTOSAI, which was the subject of a comprehensive change that ended in 2023 and effective date to enter into force is 1.1.2025. The main change related to audit quality is adopted risk-based quality management approach compared to the prescriptive quality control approach until now. This report aims to present the main requirements and specifics of the risk-based approach to external audit quality management in the public sector.

Възможности и проблеми пред сближаването на международните стандарти за финансово отчитане и общоприетите счетоводни принципи на САЩ

Възможности и проблеми пред сближаването на международните стандарти за финансово отчитане и общоприетите счетоводни принципи на САЩ
(Opportunities and Challenges for the Convergence of the IFRS and the US Generally Accepted Accounting Accounting Principles)

Author(s):Lilyana Dzhoneva
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Government/Political systems, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:290-298
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:IFRS; financial reporting; harmonization
Summary/Abstract:The ongoing discussion around the convergence of IFRS and US GAAP highlights the potential for financial reporting change in internationally. Such convergence would result in a single accounting language that would benefit international investors and transnational corporations. Central to this discussion are specific topics, including revenue recognition, leasing contracts, financial instruments, intangible assets, inventories and research and development expenditure. By addressing these more fundamental differences and promoting harmonization, businesses can expect greater clarity in financial reporting, improved comparability and an increase in the confidence of investors.

Анализ на успеваемостта на студентите от държавен изпит на специалност „Счетоводство“, ОКС Бакалавър, за периода 2022 – 2023 г.

Анализ на успеваемостта на студентите от държавен изпит на специалност „Счетоводство“, ОКС Бакалавър, за периода 2022 – 2023 г.
(Analysis of the Performance of the Students from the State Exam in the “Accounting” Bachelor Major for the Period 2022/2023)

Author(s):Iavor Bachev
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Education, Higher Education , Accounting - Business Administration, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:299-309
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:state exam; financial accounting; results
Summary/Abstract:The article presents the results and conclusions from the analysis of the results from the state exam in the “Accounting”, Bachelor's degree, for a period of two years (2022 – 2023). The subject of this article is focused on the analysis of the overall success by modules of students and in particular of the module “Financial Accounting” in general, by groups of questions contained in the module and specific questions in each group of the module “Financial Accounting”. The discipline “Financial Accounting” is one of the fundamental disciplines and together with the “General Theory of Accounting” and plays the most important role in the formation of basic theoretical knowledge and practical skills in students. It is included in the range of disciplines required to obtain a certified public accountant qualification. The aim of the research is to outline the modules in which the most problematic issues arise; to bring out the topics and the nature of the questions from the module “Financial Accounting”, which are most difficult for students and to formulate the factors that have influenced the success of students and to make specific recommendations for improving the organization of the state exam.

Източници на несигурност на счетоводни приблизителни оценки във финансовите отчети на банките

Източници на несигурност на счетоводни приблизителни оценки във финансовите отчети на банките
(The Sources of Estimation Uncertainty in the Banks’ Financial Statements)

Author(s):Kiril Bashikarov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:310-317
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:accounting estimates; IFRS; financial statements; banks
Summary/Abstract:Financial statements are source of information about the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of a bank that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions. The notes are important part of financial statements. The accompanying notes present information about the basis of preparation of the financial statements and the significant accounting policies. The purpose of this article is to examine the disclosure of key sources of uncertainty of accounting estimates in banks' financial statements with a point of view to adequately manage their asset quality. Emphasis is placed on the significance of fair value disclosures and the measurement of expected credit losses.

Методика за анализ на нематериалните активи – проблеми и решения

Методика за анализ на нематериалните активи – проблеми и решения
(Methodology for the Analysis of Intangible Assets – Problems and Solutions)

Author(s):Petko Ganchev
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Business Economy / Management, Law on Economics, Accounting - Business Administration, Socio-Economic Research, Commercial Law
Page Range:318-329
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:intangible assets; efficiency; analysis; income; profit
Summary/Abstract:In the scientific report examines the problems facing the methodology, touching on the various aspects in the author's methodology for the analysis of intangible assets. They are: to develop an analysis of intangible assets, to analysis the profit and sales revenue and the results of the research. Intangible assets occupy a key place in the accounting balance of the enterprise, through the system of indicators it is possible to detail and feel the factor influence of each factor in the analysis. Changes in profit or costs affect the profitability of the company's indicators. Through the application of the author's methodology, we arrive at the disclosure and solution of the methodological problems of the analysis. The methodological examples for the analysis of intangible assets are in the following groups: copyrights, patent rights, television and film rights, license and franchise agreements. The summary of intangible assets, according to the financial statement of the company, is considered in the presentation.

Характерни особености на данъчния одит

Характерни особености на данъчния одит
(Characteristic Features of Tax Audit)

Author(s):Monika Krivoshapkova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Governance, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:330-337
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:tax audit; tax; tax control
Summary/Abstract:In both a global and local context, negative processes influenced by the impending economic crisis have been observed over the past two years. Governments, in their efforts to curb these processes, are approving increasingly larger budgets to provide essential social benefits to society in the fight against the crisis. The measures outlined in these budgets, in most cases, cannot be covered by the available funds in the state treasury. To achieve their goals, the state needs resources, and these resources are generated in the form of tax revenues in the budget. Taxes are a significant source of revenue for any government and are inevitably at the core of the state's wellbeing. They are an instrument used by the government to fund public expenditures and implement fiscal policy. For taxpayers, on the other hand, this process is viewed as a burden they must bear to support the government. In Bulgaria, tax collection is often based on the principle of 'selfassessment' by the taxpayers. To regulate this process, the tax administration periodically conducts 'tax audits'. However, tax audits can be conducted not only by the tax administration. This report aims to outline the characteristic features of tax audits and determine their impact on tax collection in the budget.

Съвременни аспекти на разходите по издадени застрахователни договори

Съвременни аспекти на разходите по издадени застрахователни договори
(Contemporary Aspects of Expenses under Issued Insurance Contracts)

Author(s):Nadya Koteva
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Socio-Economic Research, Commercial Law
Page Range:338-348
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:insurers; IFRS 17 "Insurance contract"; financial reports; accounting; expenses
Summary/Abstract:This study focuses on the significant transformations in the reporting of expenses in relation to issued insurance contracts and the requirements for their presentation in the financial statements of insurance companies. The emphasis is placed on the main changes to the presentation of expenses in the profit and loss statement, originating from the introduction of IFRS 17 “Insurance contract” in the Bulgarian insurance sector from the beginning of 2023. Research of the fundamental change for expanded requirements for differentiated prepayment of the expenses of insurance services compared to the other expenses of the insurance company was made. The application of the concept of separate presentation of the expenses of insurance services is a new moment in the financial reporting of insurers and it is expected to provide reliable information about the profitability of the insurance company, which is relevant for making economic decisions. A comparative analysis of the reporting and presentation of expenses under insurance contracts with the applied model until the entry force of IFRS 17 “Insurance contracts” was made.

Решения за преодоляване на недостига на средства за хоспитализацията и лечението на здравно-неосигурените пациенти в Клиниката по токсикология на МБАЛ-София, ВМА

Решения за преодоляване на недостига на средства за хоспитализацията и лечението на здравно-неосигурените пациенти в Клиниката по токсикология на МБАЛ-София, ВМА
(Solutions to Overcome the Shortage of Funds for the Hospitalization and Treatment of Uninsured Patients in the Toxicology Clinic of MBAL-Sofia, VMA)

Author(s):Lyudmila Neykova-Vasileva, Anton Pramatarov, Kuzman Paskalev
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Civil Society, Public Law, Sociology, Health and medicine and law, Labour and Social Security Law
Page Range:349-357
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:uninsured persons; PAS; social problem
Summary/Abstract:According to the Ministry of Finance, by the end of 2022, the uninsured population in the country will exceed 700 000 Bulgarians or 12% of the population subject to compulsory health insurance. The aim of the present study is to analyse the available data according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10 nosological classification. Gender, age group, reasons for admission to the clinic, duration of hospitalizations, cost of treatment of uninsured persons hospitalized in the Emergency Toxicology Clinic of the Hospital of the Medical University of Sofia, MMA, in the period 2020-2023 were taken into account. The subject of the study are intoxications caused by abuse of psychoactive substances (PAS), which is a significant social and health problem.

Improvisation and Creativity in Entrepreneurship Beyond Borders

Improvisation and Creativity in Entrepreneurship Beyond Borders
(Improvisation and Creativity in Entrepreneurship Beyond Borders)

Author(s):Yordanka Ivanova
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:358-366
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:creativity; competitive performance; improvisation; international entrepreneurship
Summary/Abstract:Improvisation and creativity are two soft skills becoming increasingly significant for remaining competitive in the global business landscape going through dramatic changes. Shifts in consumer needs, evolving market structure, the emergence and development of innovative sectors, and high technologies require business strategies and business models to be built or changed more rapidly than ever. Why are they in the focus of researchers and practitioners? First, improvisation as a skill proves vital in finding new ways to implement business strategies and to fulfill customer needs during global pandemics and regional instability, restrictions, and disruptions in the global supply chains. This is even more valid in the post-pandemic world, where the speedy development of artificial intelligence poses new challenges and opportunities for entire industries. Second, creativity that goes hand in hand with breakthrough innovation helps pioneers in emerging and evolving market sectors navigate the pathway to success by crafting innovative strategies and disruptive business models. Therefore, this paper aims to study the role of improvisation and creativity in contemporary entrepreneurship as significant and increasingly important determinants of competitive performance globally.

Политическата инфлация

Политическата инфлация
(Political Inflation)

Author(s):Ivan Stoychev Vinarov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Governance, Economic policy, Developing nations
Page Range:367-382
No. of Pages:16
Keywords:expenditure for one calendar day; expenditure for support of one Member of parliament (MP); political inflation; state subsidy for parties and coalitions
Summary/Abstract:In this report we analyze the phenomenon of “political inflation” through the prism of the classical understanding of the essence of inflation, established in economic science. We define inflation in politics and determine its four possible dimensions. We focused only on the first of these in search of a quantitative measure to measurement the cost (value) of electoral outcomes for mandated positions. The time frame is concentrated on the period of the current political crisis in our country – from 4th April 2021 to 31st December 2023. Finally, we take the view that the only relatively suitable indicator for the proposes of the analysis is the value of the daily allowance for one parliamentary mandate.

Връзката между предприемачеството и икономическия растеж

Връзката между предприемачеството и икономическия растеж
(The Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth)

Author(s):Viktoriya Todorova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:383-389
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:entrepreneurship; economy; economic growth; GDP; entrepreneurial activity
Summary/Abstract:In the globalizing world economy, the reason for differences in economic growth and inequality between incomes is explained on the basis of technological differences and the degree of development of entrepreneurship. The use of new technologies paves the way for the production of new cheaper goods and for the accumulation of capital and, in this case, for increased international competitiveness of individual countries. The role of entrepreneurs is to contribute to innovation, higher competition and wider economic dynamism. A number of empirical evidences point to the importance of distinguishing the role of entrepreneurship in strong and underdeveloped countries. In other words, in developing economies where production is relatively high, entrepreneurship is found to be positively related to economic growth.

Анализ на интереса към представленията на българските държавни театри в периода 2018-2022 г.

Анализ на интереса към представленията на българските държавни театри в периода 2018-2022 г.
(Analysis of Interest in the Performances of the Bulgarian State Theaters in the Period 2018-2022)

Author(s):Goritsa Said
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Theatre, Dance, Performing Arts, Economy, Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Business Economy / Management, Sociology, Sociology of Culture, Sociology of the arts, business, education, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:390-399
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:theaters; natural indicators; audience interest analysis
Summary/Abstract:The report “Analysis of interest in the performances of the Bulgarian state theaters in the period 2018-2022” is a kind of analysis of demand and supply in the field of performing arts. The selected period covers the time before the Covid-19 pandemic and after, aiming to interpret the changes that occurred as a result of these events. The report analyzes live performance attendance data by gender, age, education, city, employment status, and more. The data on the number of theaters by type (dramatic, dramatic-puppet, musical), by form of ownership (state, municipal, private) are commented on. The data on average number of visits to one theater, average number of visits to one performance, number of new performances, number of tours are analyzed. The data on the revenues realized by the cultural institutes are also analysed. All data used are from the National Statistical Institute.

Зеленият (ESG) маркетинг, необходимост от трансформации на търговските банки

Зеленият (ESG) маркетинг, необходимост от трансформации на търговските банки
(Green (ESG) Marketing, Need for Transformations of Commercial Banks)

Author(s):Vania Krusteva
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental and Energy policy, Financial Markets
Page Range:400-416
No. of Pages:17
Keywords:digitalization; banking sector; commercial banks; ESG; green marketing; financial digital transformation; artificial intelligence
Summary/Abstract:Climate change has posed new challenges for central banks, regulators and supervisors. As a result, environmental, social and governance standards are becoming increasingly key to the reputation of banks. In the growing environment of challenges facing commercial banks – digitalisation, new competitors, variable interest rates, regulation and more – it is unacceptable to downplay environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues when it comes to the need for largescale transformation. Until recently, ESG departments existed as divisions that were not deeply connected to the bank's overall strategy, customer and product offerings, or incentive schemes. The reasons for embedding ESG standards and practices in all functions stem from a broader transformation project and to involve everyone from the senior executives (C-suite) to the local bank branch. ESG is a central driver for the radical, end-to-end transformation required of European banks and an important key challenge they need to address alongside credit, costs, consolidation and technology. ESG is positioned as the new litmus of good banking practice based on three converging trends. The first is climate change and the need to finance the decarbonisation of economic activities, which promises to open up new areas of activity for banks. The second is reputational, where banks and businesses that fail to meet their ESG commitments risk being accused of greenwashing. The third is regulation that will require banks to measure and disclose ESG risks in their loan portfolios and other banking activities, as well as the impact of their activities across a wider range of environmental, social and governance considerations. As a consequence of these reasons, ESG standards are expected to be crucial for the reputation of banks. In the coming years, banks that have a lead in this process will be more competitive and will gain reputational advantages over their competitors. Green (ESG) marketing and digital transformation are two important trends in the commercial banking sector that reflect the growing emphasis on sustainability, environmental responsibility and the adoption of digital technologies. Let's explore how these two aspects intersect: This article presents the reasons, nature, benefits and possible downsides of the impact of green marketing on financial institutions, as well as the importance of the digital transition and ESG standards for the well-being of the economy's foundational sector.

Предприемачеството в ЕС при навлизане на чужди пазари

Предприемачеството в ЕС при навлизане на чужди пазари
(Entrepreneurship in the EU When Entering Foreign Markets)

Author(s):Valko Dzhankardashliyski
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Financial Markets, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:417-428
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:entrepreneurship; foreign market; start-ups; financing
Summary/Abstract:The report looks at several EU start-ups that have expanded beyond its markets. Examples of companies founded before the founding of the EU are presented. The ways in which they organized their activities in a historical aspect are presented. The stability of the European market guarantees the emergence of new companies that have created new technologies and trends in the public life of the population. The report examines the benefits of building these companies in the diverse EU market and how important unity and closeness in the culture of a group of individuals is for successful market positioning and company development. A comparison is made of events when entering a foreign market and how successful or not it was compared to the establishment of the company in the EU and the initial positioning in the market. The political, legal, cultural and financial risk of positioning in the foreign market are considered. The report analyzes the strategy for entering the foreign market and the consequences of the influence of the foreign culture on the company. A comparison is made of companies founded before the founding of the EU and their difficulties in positioning themselves in the market. It also takes into account the fact that 30 years have passed since the founding of the EU and the world is technologically different. The development examines the challenges and barriers faced by companies in the period of their construction before entering a foreign market. The possibilities for financing newly founded companies, the risks and competitive advantages of the presence on the European market are examined. In conclusion, a comparison is made of the examined sites and recommendations are made regarding the political, financial and legal frameworks for supporting newly founded small companies to enter a foreign market. An opinion is expressed about possible steps to prepare entrepreneurs for entering a foreign market.

Управление на риска в проекти – предимства и недостатъци

Управление на риска в проекти – предимства и недостатъци
(Risk Management in Projects – Advantages and Disadvantages)

Author(s):Ivana Karadzhinska
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration
Page Range:429-437
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:рisk management; project; qualitative and quantitative methods; advantages; disadvantages
Summary/Abstract:Risk management is an integral part of successfully managing any project. It takes a combination of knowledge and skills, as well as flair and deep thinking, to bring any project to a successful conclusion. This article will examine both the advantages and disadvantages of the risk management process. With the help of qualitative and quantitative methods for risk analysis, conclusions are reached regarding an appropriate methodology, tailored to the specifics of the specific project. The topic of project risk management is very current and applies to both small businesses and large corporations. Specific conclusions can be drawn from this article, based on specialized literature and management experience in Bulgarian companies. In constantly developing business environments, constant and quality training of personnel is necessary to properly manage the projects assigned to them. Weeding out advantages and disadvantages can be beneficial to anyone involved in project management. At the end of the article, conclusions are drawn and expert recommendations are prepared.

Инфлацията е по-твърда от Централните Банки

Инфлацията е по-твърда от Централните Банки
(Inflation is Harder than Central Banks)

Author(s):Myuzeyam Shyukryu
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Developing nations, Financial Markets, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:438-450
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:inflation; central banks; crisis; Covid-19; pandemic; interest rates
Summary/Abstract:Are we aware of how much the rate of fluctuation in the world economy has changed compared to the previous century? While countries that appear to be powerful countries and superpowers in the world (such as USA, Japan, EU countries) are rapidly moving towards crisis and stagnation, on the other hand, countries in the category of “developing countries” (Brazil, India, Russia, South Korea ), which have been ignored until now, are experiencing growth and these same countries have begun to come to the fore by rapidly increasing their development potential. They began to have a say in the world arena and become an effective force.

Изследване на приложението на финансовите показатели за анализ и оценка на финансовото състояние на предприятието

Изследване на приложението на финансовите показатели за анализ и оценка на финансовото състояние на предприятието
(Research on the Application of Financial Indicators for Analysis and Assessment of the Financial Condition of a Company)

Author(s):Martin Nakov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:451-463
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:financial indicators; analysis; questionnaire survey
Summary/Abstract:The report presents the results of a survey conducted, the purpose of which is to investigate the application of financial indicators for analysis and assessment of the financial condition of a company. On the basis of these results, conclusions and proposals of a theoretical and a practical-applied nature have been formulated.

Нови моменти в Mеждународните стандарти за финансово отчитане (МСФО) от 01.01.2023 г.

Нови моменти в Mеждународните стандарти за финансово отчитане (МСФО) от 01.01.2023 г.
(New Changes in International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) from 01.01.2023)

Author(s):Nikolay Yovchev
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Financial Markets, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting, Accounting - Business Administration, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:464-472
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:accounting standards; IFRS; IAS; financial statements
Summary/Abstract:The changes to IAS/IFRS that came into effect on 01.01.2023 and that entities need to reflect are fundamental to understanding financial statements. Improving the communication of financial reporting has been a central theme of the IASB's standard-setting and improvement work in recent years. In this paper I aim to clarify these amendments so that their practical application becomes clearer. The objective of the study is to assist preparers in deciding what accounting policy information to disclose in financial statements. An attempt is made to provide clarity on the main points in the changes that have occurred in the standards and requirements of IFRS.

Управление на риска в съответствие с рамката COSO – ERM. Сравнение на двата COSO модела – COSO IC и COSO ERM

Управление на риска в съответствие с рамката COSO – ERM. Сравнение на двата COSO модела – COSO IC и COSO ERM
(Risk Management in Accordance with the COSO – ERM Framework. Comparison of the Two COSO Models – COSO IC and COSO ERM)

Author(s):Nikolay Yovchev
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:473-480
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:internal control; risk; conceptual framework; processes; COSO
Summary/Abstract:Since the inception of the original COSO framework, there have been dramatic changes in the business and operating environment, which is increasingly complex, technology dependent and global. At the same time, stakeholders are participating in processes more intensively and are seeking greater transparency and accountability regarding the integrity of internal control systems supporting business decisions and management processes in organizations. For different corporations, these objectives have their specificities, but what is universal is that they want to achieve: maximum assurance of the reliability of the reporting produced, minimization of risks, prevention of fraud, efficiency of implementation, compliance with applicable norms, rules and standards. In this study, I aim to clarify these modifications so that their practical application becomes clearer and to point out the main differences between the two frameworks based on three dimensional COSO IC and COSO ERM models.

Сравнителен анализ на законодателството на държавите-членки на ЕС по отношение на предприятията от обществен интерес

Сравнителен анализ на законодателството на държавите-членки на ЕС по отношение на предприятията от обществен интерес
(Comparative Analysis of Legislation on Public Interest Entities in EU Member States)

Author(s):Stiliyan Dzhoykev, Nikolay Kostov
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, National Economy, Public Law, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Public Finances, Socio-Economic Research, Comparative Law
Page Range:481-491
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:public interest entities; sustainability
Summary/Abstract:The public interest entities (PIEs) play a pivotal role in the EU's financial and economic landscape. In light of the newly adopted Directive 2022/2464 a more detailed analysis of the methods adopted by EU member states for the classification of PIEs is needed. This report compares the legal framework of the EU member states and analyzes the classification of PIEs.

Tax System and Tax Revenues in Bulgaria, 2010-2021: Structure, Trends, Problems

Tax System and Tax Revenues in Bulgaria, 2010-2021: Structure, Trends, Problems
(Tax System and Tax Revenues in Bulgaria, 2010-2021: Structure, Trends, Problems)

Author(s):Yasen Georgiev
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Public Law, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting
Page Range:492-499
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:tax system; tax revenue; Bulgarian tax
Summary/Abstract:Bulgaria’s tax system, comprising state and local levels, encompasses various taxes like income tax, social security contributions, corporate taxes, and value-added tax. Administered by the National Revenue Agency, state taxes are fundamental, while municipal councils regulate local tax rates. In 2008, Bulgaria transitioned to a flat tax system, replacing the progressive tax with a 10% income tax. Taxation of foreign individuals hinges on residence and interests, and local taxes, including real estate tax and succession tax, contribute to the municipal budget under the Local Taxes and Fees Act. The Value Added Tax (VAT) system, regulated by the Value Added Tax Act, applies to an array of goods and services. VAT registration can be compulsory, voluntary, or initiated by revenue administration. It is applicable to goods, services, intra-European Union acquisitions, and imports. The standard VAT rate is 20%, while accommodation services are taxed at 9%. An analysis of tax revenues as a percentage of Bulgaria's GDP from 2010 to 2020 reveals consistent growth, primarily driven by economic expansion. However, the heavy reliance on indirect taxes, particularly VAT, raises concerns about revenue stability. Recent changes, including increased allowances for families with children and temporary VAT rate reductions during the COVID-19 pandemic, reflect attempts to address socio-economic challenges. Several solutions are proposed to enhance the Bulgarian tax system, encompassing changes such as increasing individual income tax, implementing a progressive tax structure, raising corporate taxes, reducing VAT rates, or combining these adjustments. A suggested approach focuses on a moderate increase in individual income tax from 10% to 15% to achieve a balanced tax system, with potential worker demotivation addressed through transparent government spending and commitments to improved social welfare.

Income Taxation in Bulgaria: 10 Years after Flat Tax: To Keep or to Move to Progressive Taxation

Income Taxation in Bulgaria: 10 Years after Flat Tax: To Keep or to Move to Progressive Taxation
(Income Taxation in Bulgaria: 10 Years after Flat Tax: To Keep or to Move to Progressive Taxation)

Author(s):Presiana Ilieva
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting
Page Range:500-510
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:income taxation; progressive taxation; Bulgaria
Summary/Abstract:One of the main objectives of fiscal policy is conducting optimal income taxation, because it has a central role in achievement of social justice and welfare. Income taxation influences the levels of employment and investment or affect the choices of individuals concerning their productivity at work. In the paper are presented the main theoretical models for income taxation. Crucial for income taxation policies is also tax calculation. Following the Criterion of Haig and Simons in tax estimation should be included all sources of income or so-called income from economic use of production factors, minus costs incurred for their acquisition. The tax liability is calculated as multiplication of tax income and tax rate. For determining tax rate some important moments must be considered, depending also on the taxation model conducted, amounts and tax group boundaries, the non-taxable minimum, the margin, upper tax rate, the public attitudes, the total tax amount to collect as budget revenues. From 2008, according to Personal Income Tax Law taxation system in Bulgaria has been introduced proportional taxation with 10% tax rate. The main objective of flat income taxation in Bulgaria is to help reduce the share of the informal (shadow) economy, leading to increase in tax revenues. At the paper are analyzed four main aspects of taxation influence to the whole economy: inequalities; revenues from direct taxes; the shadow economy and the investment activity. Implementing proportional taxation in Bulgaria had many objectives to achieve. Experts analyses in details the results from taxation in economic life. They suggest new models, which could work more efficiently in Bulgaria. The responsible politicians however are more influenced by lobbies and do not consider future taxation reforms.

Public Investment in the Field of Higher Education in Bulgaria. Optimization of the Financial Policies Concerning the Education System in the Country

Public Investment in the Field of Higher Education in Bulgaria. Optimization of the Financial Policies Concerning the Education System in the Country
(Public Investment in the Field of Higher Education in Bulgaria. Optimization of the Financial Policies Concerning the Education System in the Country)

Author(s):Darina Neycheva
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Economy, Education, National Economy, Higher Education , Public Finances, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:511-517
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:higher education; subsidization; positive externalities
Summary/Abstract:Education is believed to be the most important factor for achieving sustainable economic development, which underlines the significance of market mechanisms fundamental for financing higher education. The subsidy of the higher education in state universities in Bulgaria is provided as a compensation given by the society in advance for the future benefits expected by the students. However, the current model of financing has resulted in a surplus of specialists in some areas and shortage of such in others. It is also crucial to consider the inefficiency arising from the fact the majority of people who benefit from the subsidies, and who after graduation decide to leave the country, or to work something completely different from the field of the specialty acquired. There are, of course, some measures taken by the state, as well as other approaches yet to be considered. For instance, optimization of subsidization models, as well as involving the business deeper in the higher education system, which will attract more funds, career opportunities, orientation towards the needs of the job market, and it will also guarantee practicality. Withal, the tuition fees and financial policies should be optimized to foster our economic growth, our social progress and competitiveness, as well.

Central Bank Structure and Functions – Federal Reserve, European Central Bank and Bulgarian National Bank

Central Bank Structure and Functions – Federal Reserve, European Central Bank and Bulgarian National Bank
(Central Bank Structure and Functions – Federal Reserve, European Central Bank and Bulgarian National Bank)

Author(s):Lidia Nanova
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Government/Political systems, EU-Accession / EU-DEvelopment, Financial Markets
Page Range:518-528
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:Central Bank; Federal Reserve System; European Central Bank; Bulgarian National Bank; Monetary Policy
Summary/Abstract:A central bank is an institution that oversees and regulates the banking system and controls the monetary base. The most important function of any Central Bank is to undertake monetary control operations. There are three key goals of modern monetary policy. The first and most important is price stability or stability in the value of money. The second goal is a stable real economy, often interpreted as high employment and high and sustainable economic growth. The third goal is financial stability. The Fed was created on December 23, 1913. It is the central banking system of the United States of America. European Central Bank was established on 1 June 1998, located in Frankfurt, Germany. The European Central Bank (ECB) is the prime component of the Eurosystem and the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) as well as one of seven institutions of the European Union. Bulgarian National Bank was established on 25 January 1879, located in Sofia, Bulgaria. From January 1, 2007, with the accession of the Republic of Bulgaria to the EU, the BNB became part pf the European System of Central Banks (ESCB).

Banking Products and Bank Risk Management of the World Bank

Banking Products and Bank Risk Management of the World Bank
(Banking Products and Bank Risk Management of the World Bank)

Author(s):Valeri Konicheva
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets, Marketing / Advertising, Geopolitics
Page Range:529-536
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:world bank; risk; products; management
Summary/Abstract:This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the World Bank Group, which comprises the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Development Association (IDA), International Finance Corporation (IFC), Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). It includes details on the group's structure, locations, and a brief history. The World Bank offers a diverse range of financial products, including loans, risk management services, credit enhancement, disaster risk management insurance, contingent financing, and advisory services. The bank is exposed to several types of risks, including operational, and corporate risks, and financial risks. The bank is also exposed to risky events such as fraud, noncompliance, and losses. The World Bank Treasury manages the bank's activities and is responsible for Treasury Risk, Compliance, and Controls (TRERC). The World Bank is focusing on promoting sustainable development by addressing the root causes of poverty and inequality, such as lack of access to education, healthcare, and economic opportunities. By addressing these underlying factors, the bank aims to promote long-term resilience to risks and create sustainable and inclusive growth.

Management of Catastrophic Risks. The Case of Karlovo Area Flood 2022

Management of Catastrophic Risks. The Case of Karlovo Area Flood 2022
(Management of Catastrophic Risks. The Case of Karlovo Area Flood 2022)

Author(s):Mihaela Vladimirova
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Public Law, Public Finances, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:537-548
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:catastrophic risk; social welfare; tax burden; voluntary insurance; catastrophic insurance pool
Summary/Abstract:Effectively addressing catastrophic risks stemming from natural hazards holds significant societal importance, highlighting the interconnection between public finance and insurance. Within the context of Bulgaria's susceptibility to flood-related risks, this study evaluates the existing model designed for mitigating post-event damages. The effectiveness of this model is examined through the case study of the 2022 Karlovo area flood. In proposing methods for enhanced risk management, three distinct tools are introduced: the promotion of voluntary insurance, the allocation of a specific budget line item for natural hazard damages, and the establishment of a catastrophic insurance pool. To assess the viability of these approaches, a comparative analysis is conducted, drawing parallels with the catastrophic insurance pool in Romania.

Navigating the Digital Frontier: Banking Innovation, Sustainable Finance, and ESG Investing in Bulgaria

Navigating the Digital Frontier: Banking Innovation, Sustainable Finance, and ESG Investing in Bulgaria
(Navigating the Digital Frontier: Banking Innovation, Sustainable Finance, and ESG Investing in Bulgaria)

Author(s):Margarita Gyurova
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Financial Markets, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:549-556
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:innovation; banking, technology; ESG
Summary/Abstract:The world we live in is rapidly evolving and the financial landscape is changing as a result of that. The aim of this project paper is to explore the dynamic interaction between banking innovation, digital transformation, and sustainable finance within Bulgaria’s financial sector. It also analyzes the digitalization of the Bulgarian banking sector, the rapidly-developing role of technologies, as well as the introduction of AI in banking. The influence of business intelligence (BI) is examined, as well as the trends related to the blockchain technologies, newly developed banking operations, customer experience and their effect on the financial sector. The second part of the project presents the successful approaches associated with sustainable finance, highlighting the significance of integrating Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) regulations into investment strategies made by the banking institutions all over the country within this framework.

Как допринасят акселераторските програми в България за успеха на проектите и компаниите, взели участие в тях?

Как допринасят акселераторските програми в България за успеха на проектите и компаниите, взели участие в тях?
(Do Accelerators in Bulgaria Contribute to the Success of the Projects and the Companies that Participated in Them?)

Author(s):Yavor Gochev
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:557-566
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:accelerator; entrepreneur; entrepreneurship; startup; funding
Summary/Abstract:Accelerators support the development of start-ups through a training program, mentoring, direct funding or assistance in obtaining such. The analysis is based on the results of an online questionnaire and semi-standardized interviews. The questionnaire was sent to 1024 projects that participated in 10 different accelerator programs in Bulgaria. 183 (17.79%) responded. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 respondents. According to 93% of the respondents, their participation in accelerator programs in Bulgaria contribute to the faster success of the projects and the companies. Additionally, 73% of projects that have attracted followon funding attribute it to their participation in one of the programs. All the companies that took part in the interviews confirmed that they would recommend participation in an accelerator program to start-up entrepreneurs who want to develop their projects.

The Impact of AI Penetration on the Labor Market

The Impact of AI Penetration on the Labor Market
(The Impact of AI Penetration on the Labor Market)

Author(s):Ivan Dimitrov
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Sociology, Labor relations, Economic development, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:567-574
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:artificial intelligence; labor market
Summary/Abstract:Following the popularization and rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) since the previous year via its most well-known manifestation via ChatGPT, a growing number of companies in Europe and around the world have started to heavily utilize AI in their daily operations. The impact of its penetration and deployment has led to changes in the job market. Now the public opinion has changed and many workers have started to worry about their jobs. In this article, we briefly examine the impact of artificial intelligence on the labor market, considering the current state and future trends. This study is a literature review and explores the impact of AI in the European Union, but also on a global scale. The limitations are related to the fact that it is not a comprehensive research and only takes into account a few of the main factors related to the rise of AI. From the available information, general conclusions will be drawn about the impact of AI on the labor market and the world economy as a whole. We will also try to answer the questions of whether AI has reached levels of replacing human labor entirely, and whether there is also a positive side to this - for example by creating opportunities for new jobs that are related to operating and maintaining AI. This is achieved through analysis and synthesis of empirical information, analysis of various publications, graphs and statistical data from reputable sources. The results suggest that the usage of AI has triggered changes not only in the labor market, but also in the economy as a whole that will shape economic processes not only in the upcoming few years, but for decades to come.

Предприемачество чрез изкуства и български фолклор

Предприемачество чрез изкуства и български фолклор
(Entrepreneurship, through Bulgarian Folklore)

Author(s):Slavina Nikolova
Language:Bulgarian
Subject(s):Economy, Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Marketing / Advertising, Sociology of Art
Page Range:575-582
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:art; creativity; entrepreneur; personality; folklore
Summary/Abstract:Bulgarian folklore is vast, colorful and unique. Folk arts are beautiful, interesting, intriguing and melodious, this makes them a ground for creating an enterprise developing performing arts. Entrepreneurs developing similar businesses contribute to the preservation, enrichment and popularization of traditions and culture, part of the life and lifestyle of Bulgarians for millennia. At its most basic, the creative sector consists of those industries that rely on human creativity to generate wealth. The leader is the main driver and generator of a product, a vision in the future to achieve positive results. Intelligence and knowledge in a given field of art, as well as the creator's idea of a creative work, make him an innovator. This is a prerequisite for creating a new intellectual product, and hard work leads to the realization of this product. The experience and vision of the author are an important part of the necessary qualities to be able to present to the audience his point of view in the vast ocean called folklore. Every creative entrepreneur must have his own personal skills to develop, improve and manage his business correctly and willingly. Personal skills should include knowledge and skills to act in the creative industry that he is targeting, have leadership skills, knowledge of negotiation, which leads to being in contact with the team and the people with whom it is necessary to negotiate to reach its ultimate goal. Ensemble „Bulgare“ is a successful creative project that has become an emblem of Bulgarian folklore. It is distinguished by uniqueness and its own appearance. An example of an institution with very good management, self supporting, showing the creativity and flexibility of Hristo Dimitrov - entrepreneur and producer.

Environmental, Social and Good Governance of Santander Bank

Environmental, Social and Good Governance of Santander Bank
(Environmental, Social and Good Governance of Santander Bank)

Author(s):Fernando Galicia López
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Financial Markets
Page Range:583-590
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:ESG criteria; sustainability; sustainable finance; sustainable development goals
Summary/Abstract:ESG agenda focuses on Santander Bank’s most material issues and that their aim is to minimise associated risk and maximise commercial opportunities by contributing United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals and to the Paris Climate Agreement. The paper is aimed at researching the ESG criteria applied for Santander Bank.

Management of Caixabank’s ESG Risks and Principles that Determine its Actions

Management of Caixabank’s ESG Risks and Principles that Determine its Actions
(Management of Caixabank’s ESG Risks and Principles that Determine its Actions)

Author(s):Gabriel Oliván Crespo
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets
Page Range:591-597
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:ESG risks; Bank risk management; banking principles
Summary/Abstract:In this paper, I will analyze how CaixaBank, one of the most important financial institutions in Spain, predicts, manages, and coexists with environmental, social, and governance (ESG) risks. Additionally, the principles guiding its actions in this area will be presented.

Sustainable Commitment: How to Progress as a Sustainable Entity

Sustainable Commitment: How to Progress as a Sustainable Entity
(Sustainable Commitment: How to Progress as a Sustainable Entity)

Author(s):Guillermo Fernández Dieste
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets, Marketing / Advertising, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:598-605
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:sustainability; sustainable finance; Banco Sabadell
Summary/Abstract:Banco Sabadell has a strong commitment to sustainability and corporate responsibility. The paper is aimed at researching the sustainable commitment of the Bank. The series of key objectives set by the Banco Sabadell for its advancing as an environmentally and socially entity, are analysed in the paper. The paper ends with summarizing the key findings of the study.

Digital Transformation of BBVA

Digital Transformation of BBVA
(Digital Transformation of BBVA)

Author(s):Xandra Sota Turón
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets, Marketing / Advertising, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Page Range:606-611
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:BBVA; digital transformation; technological innovation; customer-centric approach; operational efficiency
Summary/Abstract:In the dynamic realm of the financial sector, the imperative of digital transformation has reshaped traditional banking paradigms. This study delves into BBVA’s remarkable journey of digital metamorphosis, elucidating the multifaceted strategies, technological implementations, and consequential impacts that have steered the bank toward a digitally-centric future.

Съвременната инфлация и новата концепция за икономическа сигурност

Съвременната инфлация и новата концепция за икономическа сигурност (Contemporary Inflation and the New Concept of Economic Security)

Предизвикателства пред фискалната консолидация

Предизвикателства пред фискалната консолидация (Fiscal Consolidation Challenges)

Прилагането на ЕSG изискванията на европейските регулации в банките в България: основни проблеми

Прилагането на ЕSG изискванията на европейските регулации в банките в България: основни проблеми (The Application of ESG requirements of European Regulations in Banks in Bulgaria: Main Problems)

Биткойн срещу блокчейн бизнес приложението в контекста на пазарната ефективност

Биткойн срещу блокчейн бизнес приложението в контекста на пазарната ефективност (Bitcoin vs. Blockchain Business Models in the Context of Market Efficiency)

Предивикателства пред внедряването на високорискови системи в съответствие с европейската регулаторна рамка относно изкуствения интелект в МСП сектор

How Can Open Data Help Banks Become Greener?

How Can Open Data Help Banks Become Greener? (How Can Open Data Help Banks Become Greener?)

Оптимизация на данъчните задължения посредством баланс между икономически и данъчни амортизации

Оптимизация на данъчните задължения посредством баланс между икономически и данъчни амортизации (Tax Liabilities Optimization Through Balancing Economic and Tax Depreciation)

Българският опит при финансиране чрез капиталовия пазар на малките и средни предприятия в страната

Инфлация и сътресенията в съвкупното търсене и съвкупното предлагане

Инфлация и сътресенията в съвкупното търсене и съвкупното предлагане (Inflation and Shocks in Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply)

Сравнителен анализ на публичните разходи за предучилищно и начално училищно образование в страните от Европейския съюз

Анализ на степента на реална конвергенция на икономиката на България с икономиките на страните-членки на Европейския съюз през периода 2017–2022 г.

Предизвикателствата пред управлението на ликвидността на съвременната банка

Предизвикателствата пред управлението на ликвидността на съвременната банка (Challenges to the Liquidity Management of the Modern Bank)

Парична политика в страните от ЕС – генератор на инфлация и/или растеж?

Парична политика в страните от ЕС – генератор на инфлация и/или растеж? (Monetary Policy in EU Countries – Inflation and/or Growth Generator)

Устойчиво финансиране чрез "зелени" облигации: фактори за успех, ползи и предизвикателства

Устойчиво финансиране чрез "зелени" облигации: фактори за успех, ползи и предизвикателства (Sustainable Financing Through Green Bonds: Success Factors, Benefits and Challenges)

Национални планове за възстановяване и устойчивост – цели, приоритети и изпълнение

Национални планове за възстановяване и устойчивост – цели, приоритети и изпълнение (National Recovery and Resilience Plans – Purposes, Priorities and Results)

Преглед и анализ на нормативната среда за развитие на допълнително осигуряване за безработица в България

Опитът на Чили в развитието на осигурителен модел за безработица, основан на индивидуални сметки

Опитът на Чили в развитието на осигурителен модел за безработица, основан на индивидуални сметки (Chile’s Experience in Developing an Unemployment Insurance Model Based on Individual Accounts)

Ефекти на преки чуждестранни инвестиции в България

Ефекти на преки чуждестранни инвестиции в България (Effects of Foreign Direct Investments in Bulgaria)

Концептуална логика на финансовия мениджмънт

Концептуална логика на финансовия мениджмънт (Conceptual Logic of Financial Management)

Проблеми пред управлението на паричните потоци в условията на променящи се цени и някои подходи за тяхното решаване

Ролята на преките чуждестранни инвестиции за ускоряване на икономическото развитие на България

Ролята на преките чуждестранни инвестиции за ускоряване на икономическото развитие на България (The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Accelerating the Economic Development of Bulgaria)

Марковски превключващ мултифрактален модел: симулиране на рисковия профил на българския финансов пазар

Марковски превключващ мултифрактален модел: симулиране на рисковия профил на българския финансов пазар (Markov Switching Multifractal Model: Simulating the Risk Profile of the Bulgarian Financial Market)

Анализ на успеваемостта по дисциплината „Финансово счетоводство“ от студентите от ОКС бакалавър при УНСС – София

Управление на качеството на външния одит в публичния сектор – нов МСВОИ 140

Управление на качеството на външния одит в публичния сектор – нов МСВОИ 140 (External Audit Quality Management in the Public Sector – New IAS 140)

Възможности и проблеми пред сближаването на международните стандарти за финансово отчитане и общоприетите счетоводни принципи на САЩ

Анализ на успеваемостта на студентите от държавен изпит на специалност „Счетоводство“, ОКС Бакалавър, за периода 2022 – 2023 г.

Източници на несигурност на счетоводни приблизителни оценки във финансовите отчети на банките

Източници на несигурност на счетоводни приблизителни оценки във финансовите отчети на банките (The Sources of Estimation Uncertainty in the Banks’ Financial Statements)

Методика за анализ на нематериалните активи – проблеми и решения

Методика за анализ на нематериалните активи – проблеми и решения (Methodology for the Analysis of Intangible Assets – Problems and Solutions)

Характерни особености на данъчния одит

Характерни особености на данъчния одит (Characteristic Features of Tax Audit)

Съвременни аспекти на разходите по издадени застрахователни договори

Съвременни аспекти на разходите по издадени застрахователни договори (Contemporary Aspects of Expenses under Issued Insurance Contracts)

Решения за преодоляване на недостига на средства за хоспитализацията и лечението на здравно-неосигурените пациенти в Клиниката по токсикология на МБАЛ-София, ВМА

Improvisation and Creativity in Entrepreneurship Beyond Borders

Improvisation and Creativity in Entrepreneurship Beyond Borders (Improvisation and Creativity in Entrepreneurship Beyond Borders)

Политическата инфлация

Политическата инфлация (Political Inflation)

Връзката между предприемачеството и икономическия растеж

Връзката между предприемачеството и икономическия растеж (The Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth)

Анализ на интереса към представленията на българските държавни театри в периода 2018-2022 г.

Анализ на интереса към представленията на българските държавни театри в периода 2018-2022 г. (Analysis of Interest in the Performances of the Bulgarian State Theaters in the Period 2018-2022)

Зеленият (ESG) маркетинг, необходимост от трансформации на търговските банки

Зеленият (ESG) маркетинг, необходимост от трансформации на търговските банки (Green (ESG) Marketing, Need for Transformations of Commercial Banks)

Предприемачеството в ЕС при навлизане на чужди пазари

Предприемачеството в ЕС при навлизане на чужди пазари (Entrepreneurship in the EU When Entering Foreign Markets)

Управление на риска в проекти – предимства и недостатъци

Управление на риска в проекти – предимства и недостатъци (Risk Management in Projects – Advantages and Disadvantages)

Инфлацията е по-твърда от Централните Банки

Инфлацията е по-твърда от Централните Банки (Inflation is Harder than Central Banks)

Изследване на приложението на финансовите показатели за анализ и оценка на финансовото състояние на предприятието

Нови моменти в Mеждународните стандарти за финансово отчитане (МСФО) от 01.01.2023 г.

Нови моменти в Mеждународните стандарти за финансово отчитане (МСФО) от 01.01.2023 г. (New Changes in International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) from 01.01.2023)

Управление на риска в съответствие с рамката COSO – ERM. Сравнение на двата COSO модела – COSO IC и COSO ERM

Управление на риска в съответствие с рамката COSO – ERM. Сравнение на двата COSO модела – COSO IC и COSO ERM (Risk Management in Accordance with the COSO – ERM Framework. Comparison of the Two COSO Models – COSO IC and COSO ERM)

Сравнителен анализ на законодателството на държавите-членки на ЕС по отношение на предприятията от обществен интерес

Tax System and Tax Revenues in Bulgaria, 2010-2021: Structure, Trends, Problems

Tax System and Tax Revenues in Bulgaria, 2010-2021: Structure, Trends, Problems (Tax System and Tax Revenues in Bulgaria, 2010-2021: Structure, Trends, Problems)

Income Taxation in Bulgaria: 10 Years after Flat Tax: To Keep or to Move to Progressive Taxation

Income Taxation in Bulgaria: 10 Years after Flat Tax: To Keep or to Move to Progressive Taxation (Income Taxation in Bulgaria: 10 Years after Flat Tax: To Keep or to Move to Progressive Taxation)

Public Investment in the Field of Higher Education in Bulgaria. Optimization of the Financial Policies Concerning the Education System in the Country

Central Bank Structure and Functions – Federal Reserve, European Central Bank and Bulgarian National Bank

Съвременната инфлация и новата концепция за икономическа сигурност
(Contemporary Inflation and the New Concept of Economic Security)

Предизвикателства пред фискалната консолидация
(Fiscal Consolidation Challenges)

Прилагането на ЕSG изискванията на европейските регулации в банките в България: основни проблеми
(The Application of ESG requirements of European Regulations in Banks in Bulgaria: Main Problems)

Биткойн срещу блокчейн бизнес приложението в контекста на пазарната ефективност
(Bitcoin vs. Blockchain Business Models in the Context of Market Efficiency)

How Can Open Data Help Banks Become Greener?
(How Can Open Data Help Banks Become Greener?)

Оптимизация на данъчните задължения посредством баланс между икономически и данъчни амортизации
(Tax Liabilities Optimization Through Balancing Economic and Tax Depreciation)

Инфлация и сътресенията в съвкупното търсене и съвкупното предлагане
(Inflation and Shocks in Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply)

Предизвикателствата пред управлението на ликвидността на съвременната банка
(Challenges to the Liquidity Management of the Modern Bank)

Парична политика в страните от ЕС – генератор на инфлация и/или растеж?
(Monetary Policy in EU Countries – Inflation and/or Growth Generator)

Устойчиво финансиране чрез "зелени" облигации: фактори за успех, ползи и предизвикателства
(Sustainable Financing Through Green Bonds: Success Factors, Benefits and Challenges)

Национални планове за възстановяване и устойчивост – цели, приоритети и изпълнение
(National Recovery and Resilience Plans – Purposes, Priorities and Results)

Опитът на Чили в развитието на осигурителен модел за безработица, основан на индивидуални сметки
(Chile’s Experience in Developing an Unemployment Insurance Model Based on Individual Accounts)

Ефекти на преки чуждестранни инвестиции в България
(Effects of Foreign Direct Investments in Bulgaria)

Концептуална логика на финансовия мениджмънт
(Conceptual Logic of Financial Management)

Ролята на преките чуждестранни инвестиции за ускоряване на икономическото развитие на България
(The Role of Foreign Direct Investment in Accelerating the Economic Development of Bulgaria)

Марковски превключващ мултифрактален модел: симулиране на рисковия профил на българския финансов пазар
(Markov Switching Multifractal Model: Simulating the Risk Profile of the Bulgarian Financial Market)

Управление на качеството на външния одит в публичния сектор – нов МСВОИ 140
(External Audit Quality Management in the Public Sector – New IAS 140)

Източници на несигурност на счетоводни приблизителни оценки във финансовите отчети на банките
(The Sources of Estimation Uncertainty in the Banks’ Financial Statements)

Методика за анализ на нематериалните активи – проблеми и решения
(Methodology for the Analysis of Intangible Assets – Problems and Solutions)

Характерни особености на данъчния одит
(Characteristic Features of Tax Audit)

Съвременни аспекти на разходите по издадени застрахователни договори
(Contemporary Aspects of Expenses under Issued Insurance Contracts)

Improvisation and Creativity in Entrepreneurship Beyond Borders
(Improvisation and Creativity in Entrepreneurship Beyond Borders)

Политическата инфлация
(Political Inflation)

Връзката между предприемачеството и икономическия растеж
(The Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth)

Анализ на интереса към представленията на българските държавни театри в периода 2018-2022 г.
(Analysis of Interest in the Performances of the Bulgarian State Theaters in the Period 2018-2022)

Зеленият (ESG) маркетинг, необходимост от трансформации на търговските банки
(Green (ESG) Marketing, Need for Transformations of Commercial Banks)

Предприемачеството в ЕС при навлизане на чужди пазари
(Entrepreneurship in the EU When Entering Foreign Markets)

Управление на риска в проекти – предимства и недостатъци
(Risk Management in Projects – Advantages and Disadvantages)

Инфлацията е по-твърда от Централните Банки
(Inflation is Harder than Central Banks)

Нови моменти в Mеждународните стандарти за финансово отчитане (МСФО) от 01.01.2023 г.
(New Changes in International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) from 01.01.2023)

Управление на риска в съответствие с рамката COSO – ERM. Сравнение на двата COSO модела – COSO IC и COSO ERM
(Risk Management in Accordance with the COSO – ERM Framework. Comparison of the Two COSO Models – COSO IC and COSO ERM)

Tax System and Tax Revenues in Bulgaria, 2010-2021: Structure, Trends, Problems
(Tax System and Tax Revenues in Bulgaria, 2010-2021: Structure, Trends, Problems)

Income Taxation in Bulgaria: 10 Years after Flat Tax: To Keep or to Move to Progressive Taxation
(Income Taxation in Bulgaria: 10 Years after Flat Tax: To Keep or to Move to Progressive Taxation)

Central Bank Structure and Functions – Federal Reserve, European Central Bank and Bulgarian National Bank
(Central Bank Structure and Functions – Federal Reserve, European Central Bank and Bulgarian National Bank)

Banking Products and Bank Risk Management of the World Bank
(Banking Products and Bank Risk Management of the World Bank)

Management of Catastrophic Risks. The Case of Karlovo Area Flood 2022
(Management of Catastrophic Risks. The Case of Karlovo Area Flood 2022)

Navigating the Digital Frontier: Banking Innovation, Sustainable Finance, and ESG Investing in Bulgaria
(Navigating the Digital Frontier: Banking Innovation, Sustainable Finance, and ESG Investing in Bulgaria)

The Impact of AI Penetration on the Labor Market
(The Impact of AI Penetration on the Labor Market)

Предприемачество чрез изкуства и български фолклор
(Entrepreneurship, through Bulgarian Folklore)

Environmental, Social and Good Governance of Santander Bank
(Environmental, Social and Good Governance of Santander Bank)

Management of Caixabank’s ESG Risks and Principles that Determine its Actions
(Management of Caixabank’s ESG Risks and Principles that Determine its Actions)

Sustainable Commitment: How to Progress as a Sustainable Entity
(Sustainable Commitment: How to Progress as a Sustainable Entity)

Digital Transformation of BBVA
(Digital Transformation of BBVA)