PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE STRATEGIES XXI. VOLUME XIX

PRC ENGAGEMENT WITH LATIN AMERICA, AND CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: COMPARISONS AND INSIGHTS

PRC ENGAGEMENT WITH LATIN AMERICA, AND CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: COMPARISONS AND INSIGHTS
(PRC ENGAGEMENT WITH LATIN AMERICA, AND CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: COMPARISONS AND INSIGHTS)

Author(s):Robert Evan ELLIS
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:12-30
No. of Pages:19
Keywords:China; Latin America; Central and Eastern Europe; Belt and Road Initiative (BRI); Global Development Initiative; Global Security Initiative; Global Civilization Initiative.
Summary/Abstract:This study compares PRC engagement with Central and Eastern Europe, with that in Latin America in four areas: Political and multilateral activities, trade and investment patterns, PRC soft power, and security. It finds the patterns in the two regions are broadly similar, with differences from the political orientation and institutional characteristics of each country, geographic imperatives, and the structure of economic opportunities in each country. In both regions, PRC-based entities engage in a broad range of areas and economic sectors, seeking to shape the relationship, and to secure access to commodities, strategic markets and technologies, while working to capture as much of the value added from such activities as possible. In both, PRC methods include building “people-to-people networks, leveraging hopes for economic benefits, and conducting security engagements. In both, “populist” regimes give the PRC greater opportunities for lucrative deals and strategic engagements, but are accompanied by uniquehazards.

ROMANIAN DIPLOMACY IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL SECURITY

ROMANIAN DIPLOMACY IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL SECURITY
(ROMANIAN DIPLOMACY IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL SECURITY)

Author(s):Gabriel MICU
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:31-38
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:regional security; stability; sources of instability; rule of law; diplomacy.
Summary/Abstract:In the era of globalization, international security depends to a great extent, if not primarily, on regional security. In turn, regional security is dependent on the environment of economic, political and social stability, existing both at the regional level and in the national space of each state in the area. The degree of diversification and deepening of relations between states determines an amplification and nuance of diplomatic actions, and the bi- and multilateral approaches of the states of the international community to be included in the fundamental objective of the UN Charter, to maintain international peace and security. In this article, we aim to briefly present not only the sources of regional instability, but also the steps that Romanian diplomacy undertakes to maintain regional security and stability.

FROM CURRENCY WARS THROUGH TRADE WARSTO CO NVENTIONAL WARS: REALIZATION OF OLD PREDICTIONS BEFORE OUR EYES

FROM CURRENCY WARS THROUGH TRADE WARSTO CO NVENTIONAL WARS: REALIZATION OF OLD PREDICTIONS BEFORE OUR EYES
(FROM CURRENCY WARS THROUGH TRADE WARS TO CONVENTIONAL WARS: REALIZATION OF OLD PREDICTIONS BEFORE OUR EYES)

Author(s):Przemysław FURGACZ
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:39-44
No. of Pages:6

RUSSIA’S MILITARY AGGRESSION AND STRIKE IN GEORGIA ON AUGUST 2008: LESSONS LEARNED – GEOSTRATEGIC ANALYSIS

RUSSIA’S MILITARY AGGRESSION AND STRIKE IN GEORGIA ON AUGUST 2008: LESSONS LEARNED – GEOSTRATEGIC ANALYSIS
(RUSSIA’S MILITARY AGGRESSION AND STRIKE IN GEORGIA ON AUGUST 2008: LESSONS LEARNED – GEOSTRATEGIC ANALYSIS)

Author(s):Vakhtang MAISAIA
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:45-54
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:“Hard” power; “lessons learned”; Georgia; Ukraine; foreign policy; August war.
Summary/Abstract:Due to the ongoing war in Ukraine launched by the Russian Federation leadership aiming at on full occupation and regime change orientation on its mind (the mission so far has been failed), from military studies analyze perspective became omnipotent review and scrutiny the war wedged by the Russia’s current leadership against sovereign Georgia on 8 August in 2008. The geostrategic analyze is to be very relevant and timely precise one because of reconsidering why the Russia dared to attack Ukraine by exploiting so-called “Hard Power” and whether it was supposed to be avoid the war scenario taken into consideration Georgia’s war “lessons learned”. In conjunction with tense geopolitical situation in Ukraine, Georgia is being pulled out of the daily political agenda.This is a case of appeasement foreign policy incursion stipulated by the incumbent ruling party of Georgia “The Georgian Dream Party” who controls the government and parliament. Even recently, having adopted the resolution on situation in Ukraine, the ruling party majority fraction has not mentioned in the document the phrase “The Russian Federation”. Despite of the matter, Georgia and Ukraine are considered in common geopolitical “basket” from Euro-Atlantic and European integration policy perspectives. According to the Constitution of Georgia adopted in 2020, in accordance to Article 78 directly stipulated Georgia irreversibility stance toward integration policy adherence in the NATO and EU structures. Hence, it means that the incumbent Russian Federation authority set up their own so-called“red lines” in properly promulgated two documents (so-called “Security Treaty Drafts” for USA and NATOoriginated by the Kremlin administration in January 2022) triggered both Georgia and Ukraine as its own “special zones of influence” and pointed out in its geostrategic plans for encroachment in case of necessity

ON THE IMPERATIVE NEED TO ELIMINATE HYBRID THREATS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CURRENT CHANGES IN THE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT

ON THE IMPERATIVE NEED TO ELIMINATE HYBRID THREATS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CURRENT CHANGES IN THE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
(ON THE IMPERATIVE NEED TO ELIMINATE HYBRID THREATS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CURRENT CHANGES IN THE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT)

Author(s):Ivančík RADOSLAV
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:55-61
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Hybrid threats; actors; security environment; society.
Summary/Abstract:In the first two decades of the third millennium, there were fundamental changes in the global and regional security environment. At the same time, there was a transformation of traditional security threats. They have become multidimensional, multi-layered and, in the complex conditions of our society’s existence, have acquired a hybrid character in recent years. They are related to the use of a wide range of different means, such as propaganda, disinformation, hoaxes, cyber-attacks, organized crime, economic, political, and social pressure, terrorism, etc. All of them lead to the undermining of democratic foundations and the destabilization of the political, economic, and social elements of our society. Therefore, the author in this paper, using relevant methods of scientific research, deals with the issue of hybrid threats and the imperative need to effectively adopt measures aimed at their elimination, with a focus on the Slovak Republic experience

VIRTUAL ASSETS IN TIMES OF WAR: THE NATIONAL SECURITY IMPLICATIONS AND THE IMPERATIVE OF A NATIONAL DATA ANALYSIS PLATFORM, INVOLVING THE TRANSFER OF VALUE ACROSS BLOCKCHAINS

VIRTUAL ASSETS IN TIMES OF WAR: THE NATIONAL SECURITY IMPLICATIONS AND THE IMPERATIVE OF A NATIONAL DATA ANALYSIS PLATFORM, INVOLVING THE TRANSFER OF VALUE ACROSS BLOCKCHAINS
(VIRTUAL ASSETS IN TIMES OF WAR: THE NATIONAL SECURITY IMPLICATIONS AND THE IMPERATIVE OF A NATIONAL DATA ANALYSIS PLATFORM, INVOLVING THE TRANSFER OF VALUE ACROSS BLOCKCHAINS)

Author(s):Bogdan VACUSTA
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:62-69
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:war; Russia; analysis; data; virtual assets; blockchain; intelligence.
Summary/Abstract:The year 2008 officially marked the beginning for blockchain technology with the Bitcoin whitepaper and since then there have been multiple stages of development, which bring new challenges to existing centralized institutional architecture, constructed by learning from challenging historical events. Blockchain essentially allows now a new decentralised way of transferring value, having at its core data, which has become the new “digital gold”. The more data is generated by transferring value on a national and international level, the higher the priority to analyse it, based on relevant criteria linked to cyber security, money laundering, terrorist financing, sanctions evasion, as well as special operations. The transfer of value across blockchains increased with the Russian invasion in Ukraine, facilitating illicit activity, which requires, as an urgent matter, the establishment of an organised framework for holistic blockchain data analysis, considering the impact on national security and financial stability.

THE EXPANSION OF IRAN’S PROXY CAPABILITIES AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MILITARY INDUSTRY

THE EXPANSION OF IRAN’S PROXY CAPABILITIES AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MILITARY INDUSTRY
(THE EXPANSION OF IRAN’S PROXY CAPABILITIES AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MILITARY INDUSTRY)

Author(s):Mihai VLAICU
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:70-78
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:proxy forces; missiles; military industry; paramilitary; influence.
Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to evaluate whether the proxy policy used by Iran brought to it benefits, as well as its impact on the Iranian military industry. The research methods used are the analysis of the armed conflicts Iran has taken part in, as well as observing the evolution of the implementation of its policy of using proxy forces and its effects on the Iranian military industry

EUROPEAN DEFENCE COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONFLICT IN UKRAINE. ONE SMALL STEP FOR THE WORLD AND A GIANT LEAP FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION

EUROPEAN DEFENCE COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONFLICT IN UKRAINE. ONE SMALL STEP FOR THE WORLD AND A GIANT LEAP FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION
(EUROPEAN DEFENCE COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONFLICT IN UKRAINE. ONE SMALL STEP FOR THE WORLD AND A GIANT LEAP FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION)

Author(s):Alin BODESCU
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:79-89
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:EU defence cooperation; Integrated Approach; CSDP; EDF; EPF; PESCO.
Summary/Abstract:The European Union has traditionally not been a major military player, and the impact of BREXIT has further diminished its potential influence as a hard power actor. Originally conceived as a political and economic partnership with a focus on a large free common market, the EU did not prioritize security and defence as core objectives. Rather, its efforts in this realm centred on state and capacity building of traditional partners. In this paper, we argue that in recent years, despite a general perception blaming a bureaucratic slow advance, the EU has made significant progress in developing military capabilities and enhancing defence cooperation, spurred by the conflict in Ukraine.

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE SOCIAL PROFILE OF GENERATION Z AND ITS ADAPTATION TO A MILITARY CAREER IN THE ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE SOCIAL PROFILE OF GENERATION Z AND ITS ADAPTATION TO A MILITARY CAREER IN THE ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES
(CONSIDERATIONS ON THE SOCIAL PROFILE OF GENERATION Z AND ITS ADAPTATION TO A MILITARY CAREER IN THE ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES)

Author(s):Cristian BOGANTOIU
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:90-101
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Generation Z; Military career; Romanian Armed Forces; Integration; Technology; Adaptation.
Summary/Abstract:Generation Z, the first demographic cohort born in the 21st century, brings with it unique attitudes, approaches and characteristics to military careers in the Romanian Armed Forces. This article examines how this generation is adapting to the demands of the military institution and contributing to its development, as well as the specific challenges and opportunities it faces. Generation Z is characterised by familiarity and intense use of advanced technology and the integration of emerging technology into the specific activities and missions of the military is essential to attract, motivate and retain these young military personnel in the military system, while maintaining flexibility, diversity and transparency within the military institution. At the same time, tailoring professional assessment to objectives and criteria is a key issue for the effective assessment and development of the potential of Generation Z military leaders. As technology plays an important role in the evolution of the military organization but cannot completely replace human skills and authentic leadership, Generation Z is required to develop strategic skills, the ability to communicate clearly, make pragmatic decisions and manage stressful situations

DEFINING SYSTEMIC INSTRUMENTS IN THE CONTEMPORARY AND FUTURE STRATEGIC NUCLEAR BALANCE. APPLICABILITY TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA

DEFINING SYSTEMIC INSTRUMENTS IN THE CONTEMPORARY AND FUTURE STRATEGIC NUCLEAR BALANCE. APPLICABILITY TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA
(DEFINING SYSTEMIC INSTRUMENTS IN THE CONTEMPORARY AND FUTURE STRATEGIC NUCLEAR BALANCE. APPLICABILITY TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA)

Author(s):Mario MARINOV
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:102-114
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:nuclear weapons; arms control; systems theory; systemic instruments.
Summary/Abstract:The balance of power in strategic nuclear capabilities between the major global nuclear nation-states remains a consistent element in the dynamic of the contemporary international system of security relations. Within the expanding paradigm of adversarial relations, the qualitative and quantitative indicators of nuclear arsenals have shifted from a state of relative parity, defined by the Cold War and early post-Cold War era nuclear treaty regime, to an evolving state of disparity and uncertainty, degrading the global security environment. Within the following paper and within the systems theoretical approach towards understanding the international system of relations, the main systemic instruments in the provision of qualitative and quantitative limitations of nuclear arsenals will be defined. The paper will examine historical notions and examples of arms control and limitation instruments introduced in the contemporary era of the international system spanning from the beginning of the 20th century. Based on the established principles in the international system, the paper will then define and categorise the different instruments. The paper will also provide an overall estimation of the applicability of the listed systemic instruments to the current and future state of affairs in the strategic nuclear balance. Finally, the paper will seek to provide conclusions for the current and future national security priorities of the Republic of Bulgaria within the topics of both fostering approaches towards a state of deterrence, but also in assessing the risks and threats in the context of uncontrolled rearmament of nuclear powers.

FINLAND’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS NATO, 1991-2023

FINLAND’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS NATO, 1991-2023
(FINLAND’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS NATO, 1991-2023)

Author(s):Kari ALENIUS
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:115-121
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:international relations; foreign policy; security policy; history; Finland; NATO.
Summary/Abstract:During the Cold War, the Soviet Union forced Finland to adapt to the Soviet Union’s foreign policy and prohibited any public criticization about the policy the Soviet Union. Finland also did not have the opportunity to become a member of Western cooperation organizations, such as the EEC or NATO. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, conditions changed, and Finland decided to join the European Union in 1995. Finland still remained outside of NATO, while other Eastern European countries that had been occupied by or under pressure from the Soviet Union quickly applied for NATO membership. The decisive turn did not happen until February 2022, when Russia launched a large-scale attack against Ukraine. Finland submitted a membership application in May 2022 and was quickly accepted as a NATO member in April 2023.

RUSSIAN FEDERATION AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE. CONSEQUENCES ON DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE FIELD

RUSSIAN FEDERATION AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE. CONSEQUENCES ON DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE FIELD
(RUSSIAN FEDERATION AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE. CONSEQUENCES ON DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE FIELD)

Author(s):Adriean PÂRLOG
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:122-129
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Russian Federation; aggression; Ukraine; security; intelligence.
Summary/Abstract:We live in a dynamic, aggressive and competitive world, embedded in a dependent society by increasingly complex information, where social relations are redefined by technology, mainly. Contemporary conflicts are followed, at the informational level, by intense hybrid confrontations, according to increasingly sophisticated psycho-behavioral and technological standards.

A PROJECTION OF THE COGNITIVE WARFARE IN HUMAN INTELLIGENCE

A PROJECTION OF THE COGNITIVE WARFARE IN HUMAN INTELLIGENCE
(A PROJECTION OF THE COGNITIVE WARFARE IN HUMAN INTELLIGENCE)

Author(s):Alexandru KIS
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:130-141
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:hybrid; cognitive; warfare; HUMINT; Intelligence; NATO.
Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the concept of cognitive warfare within the framework of hybrid warfare. Hybrid warfare, which combines conventional and unconventional instruments of power, has gained attention due to the rise of non-state actors and new technologies; cognitive warfare is a critical component of it, focusing on shaping public opinion, sowing disinformation, and creating chaos. It weaponizes public opinion to influence policies and destabilize institutions. The paper discusses how cognitive warfare takes advantage of media platforms, social media, and search engines to manipulate perceptions and emotions, emphasizing the vulnerability of modern society to cognitive attacks due to reliance on technology. The paper also explores NATO's response to cognitive warfare and its efforts to develop a conceptual framework and mitigation measures. It highlights the role of Human Intelligence(HUMINT) in dealing with various sources of information and the relevance of the cognitive dimension in HUMINT operations, at the level of HUMINT professionals. The NATO HUMINT COE's role in addressing cognitive competencies in HUMINT training is highlighted, as a best practice in promoting awareness and resilience

THE RISE OF OPEN-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR

THE RISE OF OPEN-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR
(THE RISE OF OPEN-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR)

Author(s):Gabriel POPESCU, Sorin CARPEN
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:142-148
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:OSINT; intelligence; Russia; Ukraine; war; crowdsourcin; disinformation.
Summary/Abstract:Open-source intelligence (OSINT) benefited significantly from the information and technology advances, growing constantly in reach and scope due to innovations as the Internet, social media platforms and portable electronic devices. The ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war provides an ideal environment for OSINT to display its worth in various aspects of modern warfare, ranging from anticipatory intelligence and situational awareness to crowdsourcing information and counter disinformation. This article aims to analyze how OSINT shaped the Russian-Ukrainian war in practical ways, maturing along the way to become a cornerstone among the intelligence collection disciplines.

WAYS TO ACHIEVE INFORMATION ADVANTAGE IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR

WAYS TO ACHIEVE INFORMATION ADVANTAGE IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR
(WAYS TO ACHIEVE INFORMATION ADVANTAGE IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR)

Author(s):Sorin CARPEN, Gabriel POPESCU
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:149-159
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:information; advantage; intelligence; sensor; electronic warfare; Russia; Ukraine.
Summary/Abstract:Prior to the 2022 Russian military offensive in Ukraine, the general tendency was to consider that the Russian armed forces have all the necessary means to claim the superiority over Ukraine, including within the information environment. Most of the subject-matter experts based their assessments on Russian operational experience, enhanced by the presumptive lessons learned from recent conflicts. Moreover, the in-house military research and development program was focused on providing the Russian armed forces with new technical capacity to secure the advantage from both operational and informational perspectives. However, the Ukrainian forces managed to deliver an unexpected change, by limiting the Russian information advantage and simultaneously developing and exploiting their own. Against this background, the paper aims to identify some of the key elements that supported such a development, based on examples linked to the conflict

INTELLIGENCE DRIVEN OPERATIONS, THE KEY TO OPERATIONAL SUCCESS

INTELLIGENCE DRIVEN OPERATIONS, THE KEY TO OPERATIONAL SUCCESS
(INTELLIGENCE DRIVEN OPERATIONS, THE KEY TO OPERATIONAL SUCCESS)

Author(s):Alexandru ILIE
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:160-168
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Intelligence; Targeting; Situational awareness; CARVER; Knowledge development; Planning; QUALITY.
Summary/Abstract:The current operational reality consisting of a variety of actors with merging and competing interests on the global scale is basically forcing us to adapt our level of knowledge, understanding and TTPs in every domain of the operational spectrum PMESII-PT. We already know that in order for a state to be powerful it really needs a strong military instrument which is a sine qua non condition for a strong economic instrument and vice-versa,as for the performance in any field requires substantial sums of money. This requires a very thorough analysis and understanding of the phenomenon as a whole, in order for us to be able to effectively prioritize the allocation of funds on targeted lines of effort, that will make us become relevant on the operational front. Otherwise we are risking to willingly enter a zero sum game in which we are not going to most likely be the ones profiting but the ones forfeiting

CONTEMPORARY HUNGARIAN GEOPOLITICAL IDEAS AND ACTIONS

CONTEMPORARY HUNGARIAN GEOPOLITICAL IDEAS AND ACTIONS
(CONTEMPORARY HUNGARIAN GEOPOLITICAL IDEAS AND ACTIONS)

Author(s):Andi Mihail BANCILA
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:169-177
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:geopolitics; Hungary; revisionism; diaspora; minorities.
Summary/Abstract:Geopolitics is a national priority for our Hungarian neighbors, who have understood the need to study the main currents of Western thought and beyond. It is worth noting that these studies with theoretical impact in academia have now found their application in economic, political and cultural issues. Successive Hungarian governments in the post-Communist era, regardless of their political orientation, have sought solutions to promote the national interest, often at odds with the interests of their neighbors or NATO and EU allies. Perhaps the greatest challenge has been to find viable solutions, often bordering on the law, to promote the interests of the Hungarian state among the diaspora who continue to live in neighboring countries.

NATIONAL SECURITY UNDER THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION

NATIONAL SECURITY UNDER THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION
(NATIONAL SECURITY UNDER THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION)

Author(s):Cătălina-Gabriela CUREA
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:178-182
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:globalization; impact; economy; Cold War; process; international relations.
Summary/Abstract:The process of globalization was initially an economic process, but it has gradually become an impact on international politics and relations, with major implications, both in the cultural and social fields, Diplomatic, etc. Globalization is a process that intensifies after the second World War and is growing after the cold War. What certainly characterizes globalization at this beginning of the millennium is the fact that it has ceased to be a problem for economists alone. This phenomenon, which influences not only the trade, but also culture and health, is making waves.Globalisation means that events that take place on other side of the world can have an impact of our country, which can influence political stage, economic balance and social and cultural environment. This is the reason why we chose to study globalisation impact.

VALUES OF CYBER THREATS IN CYBERSPACE SECURITY INFRASTRUCTURE

VALUES OF CYBER THREATS IN CYBERSPACE SECURITY INFRASTRUCTURE
(VALUES OF CYBER THREATS IN CYBERSPACE SECURITY INFRASTRUCTURE)

Author(s):Rodica LISEANU
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:183-192
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:cyber threats; cybercrime; cyberspace; cyber wars; wars of the future; cyber security; cyber terrorism.
Summary/Abstract:This article addresses the escalating cyber security threats resulting from the gradual digital advancements in an ever-changing and unpredictable world. The global economy witnessed a significant increase in the cost of cybercrime in 2020, with remote working practices during the pandemic exacerbating the situation. Additionally, the European Union faced cyber threats due to Russia's military aggression against Ukraine. In light of these circumstances, it becomes crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of the broad spectrum of cybersecurity, including its tools and actors. This article aims to provide an analytical overview of cyber threats within and beyond the European Union, emphasizing their transnational nature and the exploitation of human error. It highlights the need for prompt action to protect key sectors and combat cybercrime, emphasizing the vulnerability of digitally uneducated individuals and institutions. Safeguarding against cyber threats is essential as cyberspace represents the interconnectedness of complex digital technologies.

FRANCE'S POSITION IN GLOBAL TECTONICS. GEOPOLITICAL STATUS AND GEOSTRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS

FRANCE'S POSITION IN GLOBAL TECTONICS. GEOPOLITICAL STATUS AND GEOSTRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS
(FRANCE'S POSITION IN GLOBAL TECTONICS. GEOPOLITICAL STATUS AND GEOSTRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS)

Author(s):Rodica LISEANU
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:193-203
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:France; globalisation; geoeconomics; geopolitics; geostrategy; historiography; sources of national power.
Summary/Abstract:This article provides a qualitative analysis, supplemented with some quantitative analysis, of France's position in both national and international contexts during a time of increasing unpredictability. France's profile is shaped by geography, geopolitics, and geostrategy, encompassing physical features, neighbouring countries, natural resources, and the state's military and diplomatic activities. The analysis focuses on France's role and position as a significant actor in power dynamics, considering its interests, their intensity, and how other actors perceive its power potential in relationships with allies and adversaries. The article gradually explores the sources of France's national power, including geography, leadership, national will, population, economy, and military capability. Despite a changing global landscape, France maintains its status as a key power in Western Europe due to its strong economy, positive relations with neighbours, and active engagement in transnational organizations, employing diplomacy and tact

EXPLAINING THE PARTICIPATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE BLACK SEA GRAIN INITIATIVE. A CRITICAL ASSESEMNT OF PROMINENT RATIONALS ATTRIBUTED TO THIS DECISION

EXPLAINING THE PARTICIPATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE BLACK SEA GRAIN INITIATIVE. A CRITICAL ASSESEMNT OF PROMINENT RATIONALS ATTRIBUTED TO THIS DECISION
(EXPLAINING THE PARTICIPATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE BLACK SEA GRAIN INITIATIVE. A CRITICAL ASSESEMNT OF PROMINENT RATIONALS ATTRIBUTED TO THIS DECISION)

Author(s):Alexandru LUCINESCU
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:204-223
No. of Pages:20
Keywords:Black Sea Grain Initiative; aggression against Ukraine; Russian Federation; United Nations; sanctions; agricultural commodities; fertilizers.
Summary/Abstract:The aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine included the blockade of Ukrainian ports from the Black Sea which triggered a severe worldwide shortage of agricultural commodities. Under the auspices of the United Nations and with support from Türkiye it was negotiated an agreement, known as the Black Sea Grain Initiative, concluded in July 2022 between Türkiye, Ukraine and the Russian Federation and which made possible for the export of Ukrainian agricultural products to be resumed via the Black Sea. Since July 2022, the agreement was renewed twice and currently it is in force. The Black Sea Grain Initiative drew the attention of experts who put forward various explanations for the participation of the Russian Federation in the agreement, but their opinions differ in terms of both reasons and their degree of relevancy without yet getting them involved in a debate on this issue. The export of Russian agricultural products and fertilizers without any impediment resulting from sanctions imposed on it following aggression against Ukraine and the maintaining of close relations with developing states, mostly from Northern Africa are commonly indicated as rationales behind this decision. This paper contributes to stimulate debate by critically examining these two explanations in terms of their relative importance for the involvement of the Russian Federation in the Black Sea Grain Initiative and by providing arguments in support of the prevalence of the latter one. The paper further encourages debate among experts as a result of broadening the second explanation by including under its scope the preoccupation of the Russian Federation for a close cooperation with China and Türkiye.

SOME CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE GEOPOLITICS AND THE GEOSTRATEGY OF THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD

SOME CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE GEOPOLITICS AND THE GEOSTRATEGY OF THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD
(SOME CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE GEOPOLITICS AND THE GEOSTRATEGY OF THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD)

Author(s):Anton MURARU, Cornel OANCEA
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:224-235
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:deterrence; entropy; innovative; mercantilism; non-state; power; state; war.
Summary/Abstract:The article presents some aspects of the period that generated and then led to the end of the Cold War as well as the reconfiguration of the global system after the disappearance of USA-USSR bipolarity. In the perspective of globalization, manifest but contradictory, opinions and actions are presented regarding the perspectives of geopolitical and geostrategic evolution at the level of the international system.

THE THREAT OF A LARGE-SCALE LONG WAR OF AGGRESSION

THE THREAT OF A LARGE-SCALE LONG WAR OF AGGRESSION
(THE THREAT OF A LARGE-SCALE LONG WAR OF AGGRESSION)

Author(s):Iulian CHIFU
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:236-241
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:large-scale war; long war; defense by denial; disposable infantry; intangibles of the war.
Summary/Abstract:The large-scale, high intensity long Russian war of aggression in Ukraine (Chifu 2023b forthcoming) has brought back to Europe the perspective of a full-scale war as a direct threat to EU and NATO countries, especially in the Eastern Flank, as it never has been considered in any recent NATO document1. This perspective, even though disputable in the conditions of Russia’s heavy losses and its poor acting in war in front of the Ukrainian army, brought assessments of the needed changes for coping with such a threat in the foreseeable future2. Moreover, the indications of a Russian disposable infantry (Watling and Reynolds 2023) brought up as a new tactic by the evolutions in Bakhmut showed that the West is poorly prepared to face these new instruments in war (Kolesnikov 2022) unacceptable to any country respecting human rights. On this occasion, the assessments revalued the intangibles of war (Chifu and Simons 2023) that make differences on the ground – will to fight, resolution, prestige, sacrifice, solidarity – that weight in more than the number of missiles or soldiers.

BLACK SEA SECURITY ACT – A NEW PROGRAMATIC DOCUMENT THAT BRINGS THE BLACK SEA REGION INTO THE LIGHT

BLACK SEA SECURITY ACT – A NEW PROGRAMATIC DOCUMENT THAT BRINGS THE BLACK SEA REGION INTO THE LIGHT
(BLACK SEA SECURITY ACT – A NEW PROGRAMATIC DOCUMENT THAT BRINGS THE BLACK SEA REGION INTO THE LIGHT)

Author(s):Andreea-Amalia STANICA
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:242-245
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:Black Sea; Black Sea Security Act; Black Sea Security and Development Strategy; USA; strategy; maritime power; rimland.
Summary/Abstract:In the current world context, characterized by geopolitical permutations, the Black Sea Region has become an area of significant strategic importance. Thus, at the international level, we are facing a resettlement of the poles of power, which can be analyzed from the perspective of the confluence between the theory of sea power and rimland. The carrying out of new actions that bring a negative impact to the security level of the states located in the Black Sea area has become a concern for the Euro-Atlantic community, the issue leading to the US decision to adopt the Black Sea Security Act in the first part of 2023, a document that launches the US desire to formulare a strategy in the region. In this sense, the current research will focus on making a presentation of the programmatic document, followed by a short qualitative analysis of the measures that will be implemented once the strategic document is adopted.

ASPECTS OF CONSIDERING DOMAINS, DIMENSIONS, AND ENVIRONMENTS MULTI-DOMAIN OPERATIONS’ CONDUCT TO PRINCIPLES AND SPECIFITIES OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

ASPECTS OF CONSIDERING DOMAINS, DIMENSIONS, AND ENVIRONMENTS MULTI-DOMAIN OPERATIONS’ CONDUCT TO PRINCIPLES AND SPECIFITIES OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
(ASPECTS OF CONSIDERING DOMAINS, DIMENSIONS, AND ENVIRONMENTS MULTI-DOMAIN OPERATIONS’ CONDUCT TO PRINCIPLES AND SPECIFITIES OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW)

Author(s):Luiza SIRBU (RADUSLAV)
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:246-252
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:operations; multi-domain; victims; protection; responsibility; humanitarian.
Summary/Abstract:The evolution of the international security environment requires that the national strategies of the democratic states have at their centre a multidimensional concept, in which the military component has multi-domain capabilities to engage the confrontation with the adversary, which will allow them to achieve the strategic deterrence of potential adversaries, ensuring freedom of action, strategic manoeuvre, dynamic engagement of forces, integrated multi-domain operations, rapid and continuous adaptation. The multi-domain operation concept ensures a unified vision of conducting operations in the future, by including, in addition to the military component, central and local public authorities, private companies, volunteer organizations, and other structures. Such an approach has to manage, in addition to a large number of operational problems, complex situations that derive from the responsibility to respect and apply, in specific ways, the principles and rules of international humanitarian law that are, in turn, in the process of adaptation and renewal.

THE SPIRITUAL, PATRIOTIC, MORAL AND MATERIAL CONTRIBUTION OF THE MINISTERS OF THE HOLY ORTHODOX ALTARS TO THE SUPPORT OF ROMANIA'S EFFORTS IN THE WAR OF ALLIANCE

THE SPIRITUAL, PATRIOTIC, MORAL AND MATERIAL CONTRIBUTION OF THE MINISTERS OF THE HOLY ORTHODOX ALTARS TO THE SUPPORT OF ROMANIA'S EFFORTS IN THE WAR OF ALLIANCE
(THE SPIRITUAL, PATRIOTIC, MORAL AND MATERIAL CONTRIBUTION OF THE MINISTERS OF THE HOLY ORTHODOX ALTARS TO THE SUPPORT OF ROMANIA'S EFFORTS IN THE WAR OF ALLIANCE)

Author(s):Constantin NEAGU
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:253-261
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:the War of the National Reunification; the Romanian Orthodox Church; contribution; war effort.
Summary/Abstract:In the history of the Romanians, the First World War (1914-1918) was consecrated as the War of the National Reunification (1916-1919), through which was achieved the liberation of some ancestral territories, as well as the fulfillment of the multi-secular yearning to create state unity. At this crucial moment for our existential destiny, the Romanian Orthodox Church played a substantial role in the equation of resistance and victory to the end, through some hierarchs, military priests, parish clergy, monks and nuns, seminarians, students and graduates in theology, church singers and lay believers. All of them raised prayers for the victory of our soldiers over the enemy and supported them spiritually, morally and materially. Also, they were permanently in the front line of saving the lives of the sons of the country wounded on the front, perpetuating the cult of heroes, helping orphaned children, war widows and refugees.

FORMULATING LONG-TERM STRATEGIC PRIORITIES IN THE NATIONAL SECURITY AND DEFENCE STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA – GEOSTRATEGIC SECURITY AND THE ROLE OF THE BLACK SEA

FORMULATING LONG-TERM STRATEGIC PRIORITIES IN THE NATIONAL SECURITY AND DEFENCE STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA – GEOSTRATEGIC SECURITY AND THE ROLE OF THE BLACK SEA
(FORMULATING LONG-TERM STRATEGIC PRIORITIES IN THE NATIONAL SECURITY AND DEFENCE STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA – GEOSTRATEGIC SECURITY AND THE ROLE OF THE BLACK SEA)

Author(s):Mario MARINOV
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:262-272
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Bulgaria; NATO; Black Sea; strategy.
Summary/Abstract:The formulation of long-term strategic priorities is a principal element in the construction of national-level security and defence strategies. In the case of the Republic of Bulgaria, such efforts should adequately reflect both national and affiliated allied security concerns and considerations in the context of NATO and Bulgaria’s specific geostrategic location. The following paper places its focus on the geostrategic element in the formulation of priorities and principally the role of the Black Sea in this process. The paper examines the historical and contemporary priorities of the Republic of Bulgaria in the Black Sea region and the evolution of the security environment over the preceding decade. The paper examines the transition of the Black Sea from a region of economic importance to one of expanded military significance, and the underlying risks and threats, which have materialised in the contemporary era. The paper further defines the policy course of the Republic of Bulgaria by analysing the specific frameworks and policy documents on the national level. The overarching deficiencies within Bulgaria’s approach towards the provision of national security are identified and the paper in its final chapter provides for the conditionalities and directions of future policy making and security commitments in the expanded role of the Black Sea region

THE FAKE NEWS PHENOMENON. HISTORY, USE, DEFINITIONS, FORMS AND FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ACCEPTANCE AND DISSEMINATION OF FAKE NEWS

THE FAKE NEWS PHENOMENON. HISTORY, USE, DEFINITIONS, FORMS AND FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ACCEPTANCE AND DISSEMINATION OF FAKE NEWS
(THE FAKE NEWS PHENOMENON. HISTORY, USE, DEFINITIONS, FORMS AND FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ACCEPTANCE AND DISSEMINATION OF FAKE NEWS)

Author(s):Ioan-Cristian GHEORGHIU
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:273-283
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:fake; news; disinformation; misinformation; biases.
Summary/Abstract:The pervasive spread of fake news has become a pressing concern in the digital age, influencing public opinion, decision-making processes, and societal dynamics. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the historical evolution, varying definitions, diverse forms, and factors contributing to the acceptance and dissemination of fake news. Tracing its roots back to the early days of Antiquity, we examine the transformation of fake news within the history, exploring its rapid proliferation through social media platforms and other online channels. Additionally, we discuss the challenges associated with defining fake news, highlighting the blurred boundaries between misinformation, disinformation, and propaganda. By investigating cognitive, social, and technological factors, we uncover the mechanisms that facilitate the acceptance and dissemination of fake news, including different biases and manipulative tactics

IS GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE A BLACK SWAN IN COGNITIVE WARFARE?

IS GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE A BLACK SWAN IN COGNITIVE WARFARE?
(IS GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE A BLACK SWAN IN COGNITIVE WARFARE?)

Author(s):Tudor URSEIU
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:284-288
No. of Pages:5
Keywords:cognitive warfare; black swan events; game theory; generative AI.
Summary/Abstract:The themes of cognitive warfare, assuring cognitive superiority, black swan events, game theory, and the assessment of the most potent AI platforms for military decision support are explored in this article. The emphasis is on evaluating how well AI platforms can support military decision-making and maintain cognitive supremacy in the face of unforeseen circumstances. The essay starts off by outlining cognitive warfare and how it makes use of AI technology to sway and control the opponent's thinking. The use of strategies in a military environment is highlighted. It is highlighted how important it is to comprehend and respond to black swan situations because they present difficulties and have repercussions for military decision-making.

THE IMPACT OF COGNITIVE WARFARE ON PLANNING AND DECISION-MAKING IN MILITARY CONFLICTS

THE IMPACT OF COGNITIVE WARFARE ON PLANNING AND DECISION-MAKING IN MILITARY CONFLICTS
(THE IMPACT OF COGNITIVE WARFARE ON PLANNING AND DECISION-MAKING IN MILITARY CONFLICTS)

Author(s):Danut-Adrian SERBAN
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:289-305
No. of Pages:17
Keywords:technology; robotics; artificial intelligence; conflicts; technological progress.
Summary/Abstract:Advanced technologies such as cognitive warfare and artificial intelligence are ushering in a transformative era for human civilization. Revolutionary initiatives led by international military organizations are cultivating the development of innovative technologies, serving as a catalyst for the modernization of society while simultaneously strengthening global security. The pace of technological progress is on a relentless upward trend, propelled by economic and military incentives, and the desire of scientists and researchers to push into previously unexplored territories is a response to the daily challenges we face. The complexity of military conflicts is escalating due to the unparalleled progress of contemporary military technologies. When harmonized with traditional technologies, these modern advances overturn traditional paradigms of strategic planning and operational deployment of forces and resources, thus exerting a significant influence on decision-making in military conflicts.

THE MAIN TOOLS OF COGNITIVE ATTACKS ON CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY – DISINFORMATION AND PROPAGANDA

THE MAIN TOOLS OF COGNITIVE ATTACKS ON CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY – DISINFORMATION AND PROPAGANDA
(THE MAIN TOOLS OF COGNITIVE ATTACKS ON CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY – DISINFORMATION AND PROPAGANDA)

Author(s):Ilie IFTIME, Marina IFTIME
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:306-311
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:psychological war; cognitive attacks; disinformation; propaganda.
Summary/Abstract:The dynamic of the current security environment outlines a diversified panel of tools registered in the cognitive attacks domain. These have been used since ancient times, literary taking different forms such as “the deception”, which Sun Tzî refers to by saying: “The whole art of war is based on deception” (Sun Tzî 2012, 44). Over time the methods and means have adapted and new terms and concepts appeared. Therefore, nowadays we are talking about the psychological war phenomenon which is present almost every time alongside the classic one, supporting some strategies and operations in the battlefield. The psychological war is planned on the basis of some complex studies taken in social engineering domain by which some various indicators are identified (social support of the government, the war perception, the morale of the troops, the main national goals, social fears/desires/hopes, etc.)and can be used later in different cognitive attacks, such as disinformation and propaganda

USE OF CHATGPT GENERATIVE AI IN UAV FIELD

USE OF CHATGPT GENERATIVE AI IN UAV FIELD
(USE OF CHATGPT GENERATIVE AI IN UAV FIELD)

Author(s):Marian Darius CRET
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:312-318
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Artificial Intelligence; ChatGPT; UAV.
Summary/Abstract:This academic paper explores the utilization of ChatGPT in military fields, with unmanned aerial drones. Recent developments of Artificial Intelligence and the spread of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) have opened up new opportunities for improving military operations. ChatGPT, an OpenAI large language model, offers an attractive possibility to incorporate natural language processing capabilities into military UAV, enabling efficient communication and effective decision making processes. The paper concludes with a discussion of ChatGPT’s future potential in military UAV, emphasizing with the importance of continued research and development to overcome the challenges and maximize advantages.

COGNITIVE SUPERIORITY AN EMERGENT ASPECT OF HYBRID WARFARE

COGNITIVE SUPERIORITY AN EMERGENT ASPECT OF HYBRID WARFARE
(COGNITIVE SUPERIORITY AN EMERGENT ASPECT OF HYBRID WARFARE)

Author(s):Daniel-George GABOR
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:319-327
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:cognitive superiority; hybrid warfare; foresight; manipulation; data mining; artificial intelligence; critical thinking.
Summary/Abstract:Cognitive superiority emerges as a new aspect to be considered in the context of hybrid warfare. Whether from an individual perspective or a social standpoint, relevant aspects can be identified through which cognitive superiority/inferiority can reveal advantages/disadvantages that can be exploited in a multidimensional hybrid war. We aim to explore how cognitive superiority can be used in hybrid warfare, addressing various aspects such as analysis and anticipation, countering disinformation and manipulation, techniques of influence and psychological aggression, the use of technology and artificial intelligence, data mining and what it can reveal about various aspects of society, as well as the importance of collaboration and information exchange. We will also identify ways to increase resilience to aggression and policies for achieving cognitive superiority. Who are the actors and what relevant policies can be implemented to enhance the ability to withstand knowledge-based aggression? We will emphasize the role of education and the influence of media and social media, the protection of critical infrastructures, especially in the cyber domain, collaboration and information exchange. We also highlight critical thinking and resilience to manipulation, research, innovation, ethics in the use of disruptive technologies, and the legislative framework in which they can operate. The multidimensionality of hybrid warfare requires decision-makers and stakeholders involved in maintaining and developing security to consider the extensive implications of competitive advantages that can be derived from the exploitation of cognitive superiority, as well as the vulnerabilities that can be identified in the area of interest in the context of cognitive inferiority compared to a presumed hostile actor

COGNITIVE WARFARE ATTACKS ON CRITICAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE

COGNITIVE WARFARE ATTACKS ON CRITICAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE
(COGNITIVE WARFARE ATTACKS ON CRITICAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE)

Author(s):Catalin Ovidiu Georgescu
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:328-334
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:cognitive warfare; critical infrastructure protection; critical information infrastructures; fifth generation warfare; knowledge as a resource.
Summary/Abstract:War has known continuous advancements; the latest advancement is cognitive warfare, a unique domain of modern warfare which is the art of using technology (especially cybernetic instruments) to modify the cognitive processes of the enemy against him. Critical Information Infrastructures are especially vulnerable to the mostly immaterial attacks of cognitive warfare and are vulnerable to the long-term effects of cognitive warfare. It is an unconventional form of warfare that exploits our prejudices, reflexive thinking, causes distortions in thought, it influences decision-makers and masses, etc. Protecting ourselves from this new threat is essential

UNDERSTANDING THE JOINT LOGISTIC SUPPORT GROUP (JLSG): ROLE, CONCEPT, AND MAIN CHALLENGES

UNDERSTANDING THE JOINT LOGISTIC SUPPORT GROUP (JLSG): ROLE, CONCEPT, AND MAIN CHALLENGES
(UNDERSTANDING THE JOINT LOGISTIC SUPPORT GROUP (JLSG): ROLE, CONCEPT, AND MAIN CHALLENGES)

Author(s):Georgi GEORGIEV, Rumen HRISTOV
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:335-340
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Joint Logistic Support Group; JLSG; logistic support; challenges; NATO operations; logistic C2.
Summary/Abstract:The Joint Logistic Support Group (JLSG) has the potential to play an important role in multinational operations by providing a single headquarter for allied and partner forces. This helps to streamline logistics operations and to reduce the redundancy of nations acting as single entities. The benefits of using the JLSG in multinational NATO operations with allies and partners are discussed. The JLSG is presented as a key player in this process, providing single headquarter logistic support and expertise to multinational forces. Also described are some of the challenges faced by the JLSG in coordinating with different nations and the efforts being made to address these challenges.

MARITIME SECURITY IN THE INDO-PACIFIC VISION. THREATS AND RISKS TO THE ECONOMY

MARITIME SECURITY IN THE INDO-PACIFIC VISION. THREATS AND RISKS TO THE ECONOMY
(MARITIME SECURITY IN THE INDO-PACIFIC VISION. THREATS AND RISKS TO THE ECONOMY)

Author(s):Sorin-Adrian MURARI, Sorin COADA
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:341-347
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Maritime security; Indo-Pacific.
Summary/Abstract:The Indo-Pacific vision has become highly important, both for the United States of America and for other states, due to the majority of global maritime trade passing through this region. Its stability is crucial, regardless of whether the vision is shared or not. From the perspective of maritime security and the information provided by the Maritime Security Index, the priority issue in the Indo-Pacific is the threats and/or risks posed by certain transnational actors related to the violation of the rule of law. The study examines the topic of maritime security in the Indo-Pacific region, focusing on the threats posed by individual transnational actors. It highlights the significance of past terrorist attacks on American warships and tankers as landmarks in the field of maritime security. Employing a research method that includes a conceptual discussion of maritime security and an analysis based on data from the Maritime Security Index, the findings have implications for policymakers and stakeholders involved in ensuring maritime security and promoting regional stability in the Indo-Pacific region. Furthermore, it reveals that there is no homogeneous level of security among the states that make up the Indo-Pacific.

THE INFLUENCE OF UNCERTAINTY ON MILITARY LEADERSHIP

THE INFLUENCE OF UNCERTAINTY ON MILITARY LEADERSHIP
(THE INFLUENCE OF UNCERTAINTY ON MILITARY LEADERSHIP)

Author(s):Sorin PRICOP, Ionuț CIORANU
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:348-356
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:uncertainty; military leadership; VUCA; vertical development; horizontal development.
Summary/Abstract:Today's increasingly complex and ambiguous security environment brings new challenges to military leadership, among which, dealing with uncertainty. In developing a vision and in the decision-making process, military leaders are often confronted with unknown and unpredictable variables, and in order to increase the level of decision-making effectiveness, it is necessary to adapt military leadership development to the particularities and trends of the security environment. In this context, it is important to recognize that military leadership development can be achieved by progressing in two dimensions: horizontal and vertical. While horizontal development ensures the acquisition of skills, vertical development focuses on developing a leader's mindset and way of thinking. From this perspective, in this article we will compare horizontal leadership development with vertical leadership development in an effort to identify a way in which military leadership can respond to tendencies in these security environment.

FIRE SUPPORT IN A JOINT FORCE OPERATION FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE

FIRE SUPPORT IN A JOINT FORCE OPERATION FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE
(FIRE SUPPORT IN A JOINT FORCE OPERATION FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE)

Author(s):Cristian STANCIU, Adrian Mirea
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:357-365
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:joint fire support; concept of operations; fire support synchronization.
Summary/Abstract:This paper presents general considerations regarding the fire support system as it is currently portrayed in our standing national field manuals. We wanted to highlight not only the obvious importance of fire support in modern armed conflicts but the fact that the fire support system is, in our opinion, insufficiently detailed in our current field manuals for contributing elements to a national joint force. This can possibly lead to an incoherent exploitation of fire support capabilities that a joint force commander would have available for a national defense operation. Although the fundamentals for timely and efficient joint fire support in operations are depicted in national field manuals they should be periodically revised to, at least, incorporate lessons learned in current conflicts. More importantly, from our perspective, they should be elaborated at the highest level of authority in order to coherently implement and exploit the fire support capabilities available from every contributing component to a national joint force.

OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXPLOITING OF RIVER-MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR

OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXPLOITING OF RIVER-MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR
(OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXPLOITING OF RIVER-MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR)

Author(s):Lucian Valeriu SCIPANOV, Alexandru URSU
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:366-375
No. of Pages:9
Keywords:critical river-maritime infrastructure; river-maritime transport.
Summary/Abstract:This approach proposes an analysis of the opportunities to exploiting on the river-maritime infrastructure in the context of the invasion of Ukraine by the Russian Federation, taking into account the challenges to which the national authorities were subjected to facilitate the safe realization of the flows of embarkation, disembarkation, storage logistics chains and transport of materials, goods, fuels, and equipment through Romania'sriver and sea ports. Considering that the war in the vicinity of the national borders affected national and regional security, the analysis will identify what were the effects on the economic field, from a military perspective, given that in the area of responsibility of the Romanian Naval Forces there is a series of objectives are national and Euro-Atlantic criticalinfrastructure. Two objectives of this approach were established. The first objective will be an analysis of the management of maritime and river transport in our country in the short and medium term, which could have the purpose of capitalizing on the critical port and transport infrastructure to ensure logistics flows. The second objective will be the identification of ways to strengthen national and regional security, through the contribution of Romania's naval capabilities regarding the support of the development potential of the river-maritime infrastructure. To accomplish the intended objectives, the research will employ the observation of the analysis field, case study, and theoretical-deductive methods. These approaches will underpin the conclusions derived from the cross-sectional analysis.

MULTI-DOMAIN DECEPTION – CONTEMPORARY OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENT

MULTI-DOMAIN DECEPTION – CONTEMPORARY OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENT
(MULTI-DOMAIN DECEPTION – CONTEMPORARY OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENT)

Author(s):George-Ion TOROI
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:376-388
No. of Pages:13
Keywords:deception; multi-domain; intelligence; information; operating environment; operational advantage.
Summary/Abstract:Deception operations have long been seen as a huge enabler for military success in armed conflicts and history is full of examples to support this supposition. Nevertheless, in order to be successful, it had to adapt to the specifics of each era and be in accordance with the character of war. However, recent technological advancements in ISR capabilities have led some experts to believe that deception in modern warfare is no longer viable. Nevertheless, this might be a false image that in turn can result in cognitive weaknesses which the adversary can take advantage of. Preconceived ideas provide the ideal foundation for successful deception operations. Using deceiving techniques can indeed be difficult due to the boom in sensor technology, but the ability to demonstrate innovative approaches in this area can be crucial to operational success. In this respect, deceit may be the perfect method to generate the crucial operational edge over the adversary. Furthermore, as long as deception remains a cognitive operation, targeting the mind of the adversary and their vulnerabilities, it will continue to persist as a huge enabler of success on the battlefield. Adapting deception to the multi-domain western way of war might generate an extremely powerful instrument over the adversaries. In this respect, this article explores how multi-domain and deception operations work and how can they be integrated to create synchronized effects on modern battlefields

ADAPTING NATO'S INTEGRATED AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSE TO MULTI-DOMAIN OPERATIONS

ADAPTING NATO'S INTEGRATED AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSE TO MULTI-DOMAIN OPERATIONS
(ADAPTING NATO'S INTEGRATED AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSE TO MULTI-DOMAIN OPERATIONS)

Author(s):Tatian DUMITRESCU
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:389-403
No. of Pages:15
Keywords:integrated air and missile defense; IAMD; multi-domain operations; MDO; ballistic missile defense; BMD; cross-domain; distributed defense; offense-defense integration; kill-web.
Summary/Abstract:NATO Integrated Air and Missile Defense (IAMD) is the defensive component of the Alliance’s Joint Air Power, which aims to secure NATO’s airspace, to deter and defend against any air and missile threats. This mission is implemented through Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) and Air Policing (AP) activities during peace time and ultimately will deliver air and missile defense during crisis and conflict. Today’s NATO IAMD mission is challenging since is considered susceptible to suppression by emerging threats, due to system stove piping, limited technical integration, reduced capacity, increased costs, and a BMD heavy focus, and require revision and adaptation to new doctrine developments; this is the case of Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) concept, that comes to bring more comprehensiveness to the Joint organizations. This paper focused on the IAMD and MDO concepts analysis in order to determine how should NATO IAMD evolve in order to be ready for MDO. Following a top-down approach, the article investigated MDO literature to establish its r/evolutionary character, the status of MDO development across military organizations, and explored relevant documentation to reveal ideas related to IAMD evolution like the cross-domain integration (to include cyber, space, electromagnetic domains, and synchronization with non-military actors), distributed defense concept and the offense-defense integration. Finally, using the identified solutions, the study proposed some steps to be taken by NATO to build an IAMD cross-domain version deemed for an MDO environment, ready to adopt a more offensive mindset. This article recognizes the need for network centric air and missile defense capabilities to function into a kill-web system, while the IAMD forces interoperability, interconnectivity and integration should become paramount. These requirements can only be met if the Alliance and Allies will enable the pooling of IAMD resources, national functional specialization, and the integration under a comprehensive NATO system.

RUSSIAN NEW 2022 MARITIME DOCTRINE - WHAT HAS CHANGED?

RUSSIAN NEW 2022 MARITIME DOCTRINE - WHAT HAS CHANGED?
(RUSSIAN NEW 2022 MARITIME DOCTRINE - WHAT HAS CHANGED?)

Author(s):Sorin COADA, Sorin-Adrian MURARI
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:404-411
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Russia; Russian Navy; Maritime Doctrine; Arctic; NATO.
Summary/Abstract:The publication of the Maritime Doctrine of Russia represents a firm statement of Moscow's aspirations for the upcoming years. With a tone indicating confrontation against NATO, and a clear definition of its objectives and threats, the document shows a notable evolution from the previous version in 2015. Additionally, the Arctic now emerges as a region of utmost importance for Moscow's economic interests. However, the ambitions presented in the document do not seem to align with the current reality, raising questions about the actual feasibility of Moscow's objectives given the specific circumstances it currently faces. The article first compares the Russian 2022Maritime Doctrine with the 2015 version and then explores the implications of the new document for Arctic security.

GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY AND SYSTEMS ANALYSIS IN OPERATIONAL ART

GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY AND SYSTEMS ANALYSIS IN OPERATIONAL ART
(GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY AND SYSTEMS ANALYSIS IN OPERATIONAL ART)

Author(s):Olga Raluca CHIRIAC
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:412-419
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:C2; complex systems; decision making; systems thinking theory; operational art; NATO; SOF.
Summary/Abstract:The present article is employing principles of general systems theory and systems dynamics in an academic discussion about the operational level of warfare and decision making. The February 2022 invasion of Ukraine has generated a lot of interest in irregular warfare, nevertheless, current security and defense discussions in the Allied strategic space remain slightly focused on the technological aspect. The central aim of the paper is to bring to the forefront ways in which systems thinking can enhance allied operational output, especially decision making at the strategic and operational levels. The article is structured as follows: first, it presents the analytical framework, namely general systems theory (GST) and systems dynamics and then embarks on the actual discussion which focuses on human centric systems rather than artificial intelligence. The final portion of the article presents a few key points relevant to the ideas put forth.

EMERGING AND DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEFENSE TRANSFORMATION

EMERGING AND DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEFENSE TRANSFORMATION
(EMERGING AND DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEFENSE TRANSFORMATION)

Author(s):Silviu-Iulian GIMIGA
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:420-427
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:emerging and disruptive technologies; defense; technological evolution; funds and investment programs.
Summary/Abstract:The upward spiral of knowledge in science and technology is driving rivalries between the world's great powers, with new technologies tipping the global balance of power regardless of territory geography, population size, or the negotiating power of governments. The emergence and evolution of emerging and disruptive technologies represent a huge step in the development of economies, the fields of defense of world states, and humanity in general. In the future, people will probably no longer fight head-to-head but will make decisions about how to make the enemy retreat with weapons that will act on their command. Emerging and disruptive technologies will ensure the security and safety of the world's states and contribute to the transformation of wars into transparent conflicts in which the planning and decision-making processes will be simple, based on fair play, and within the limits of legality. Technologies are the future, and man should adopt them as soon as possible to reach the highest standards of understanding of a peaceful social life. Disruptive military technologies cause structural changes in defense institutions, necessarily condition doctrines, manuals, and instructions in force, and bring paradigmatic changes in international relations and in the concepts of ensuring the security and safety of our country's borders.

THE IMPORTANCE OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN THE MODERNIZATION PROCESS OF THE ROMANIAN ARMY

THE IMPORTANCE OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN THE MODERNIZATION PROCESS OF THE ROMANIAN ARMY
(THE IMPORTANCE OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN THE MODERNIZATION PROCESS OF THE ROMANIAN ARMY)

Author(s):Dănuța Mădălina SCIPANOV
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:428-437
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:financial resources; defense spending; budgets.
Summary/Abstract:This article aims to present the importance of the role that financial resources have in carrying out the activity within the Ministry of National Defense, as well as the role of defense expenses in the modernization process of the Romanian Army. The institutional capacity of the Ministry of National Defense to implement policies, as well as the correlation of these policies with economic reform measures, depends to a great extent on the country's financial resources. The premise from which this approach starts is that in almost any field, financial resources are the pillar on which any project or institutional approach rests. Without any exception, financial resources represent the main resource without which the Army, as a benchmark institution of the state, cannot exist and function. Recruiting, training, equipping and remunerating the military, along with the projects of equipping the forces with adequate capabilities or the provision of material resources, including action activities such as participation in missions, require considerable financial funds that underline the importance of financial resources in the operation of the Ministry of National Defense. The novelty of this approach consists of the fact that it justifies the importance of financial resources in the modernization process of the Romanian Army

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RAW MATERIALS TO ENSURE A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE ENERGY SYSTEM "HYDROGEN – THE FUEL OF THE FUTURE"

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RAW MATERIALS TO ENSURE A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE ENERGY SYSTEM "HYDROGEN – THE FUEL OF THE FUTURE"
(ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RAW MATERIALS TO ENSURE A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE ENERGY SYSTEM "HYDROGEN – THE FUEL OF THE FUTURE")

Author(s):Ioana TIMOFTE
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:438-449
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:energy security; hydrogen; decarbonization; energy transition; resilience; critical infrastructures.
Summary/Abstract:In the context of the current threats in the Euro-Atlantic area, the need to rethink the binomial sustainability – energy security generated the need to immediately apply substantive changes in specific concepts, norms, and legislation and subsequently the harmonization of national specific legislations and norms with the European and international ones, followed by transformations at the level of the institutions with attributions in the field. The European Green Deal represents Europe's growth strategy in which environmental, economic, and social sustainability are intertwined. The current, unsustainable economic model based on the increasing use of a shrinking set of resources must not be relaunched, but reset. The European Green Deal puts into practice the European Union's commitment to climate neutrality. It sets out how to build the future of Europe, be it energy, industry, agriculture, food, or biodiversity, while committing to the objective of reducing net carbon emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 and achieving climate neutrality by 2050.

RESILIENCE OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES IN ENERGY FIELD. EUROPEAN ENERGY SECURITY MILESTONES – STUDY ON THE TRANSPORTATION, STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROGEN AS A SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE OF THE ENERGY SYSTEM –

RESILIENCE OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES IN ENERGY FIELD. EUROPEAN ENERGY SECURITY MILESTONES – STUDY ON THE TRANSPORTATION, STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROGEN AS A SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE OF THE ENERGY SYSTEM –
(RESILIENCE OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES IN ENERGY FIELD. EUROPEAN ENERGY SECURITY MILESTONES – STUDY ON THE TRANSPORTATION, STORAGE AND DISTRIBUTION OF HYDROGEN AS A SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE OF THE ENERGY SYSTEM –)

Author(s):Ioana TIMOFTE
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:450-460
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:hydrogen resilience; decarbonization; energy transition; critical infrastructures; strategy.
Summary/Abstract:The European Union, as it embraces the European Green Deal, has committed to the goal of achieving economy-wide decarbonization and carbon neutrality by 2050. Transition policy has become a priority in this pursuit, focusing on replacing fossil fuels with renewable primary energy sources. In order to accomplish these objectives, the European Hydrogen Strategy recognizes the crucial role that hydrogen transport will play in facilitating the integration of renewable hydrogen into Europe. The establishment of infrastructure connecting regions abundant in renewable energy with areas experiencing high hydrogen demand will necessitate significant investments and therefore requires comprehensive planning. Given the various available options, it is necessary to assess their advantages and disadvantages to guide the development of infrastructure along the most effective path. At the national level, the Ministry of Energy has initiated the process of formulating the "National Hydrogen Strategy and Action Plan" as part of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR). The aim is to achieve the energy transition and decarbonization targets for economic sectors, while also establishing the legal framework to facilitate investments in hydrogen across the entire value chain

STUDYING THE EXPERIENCE WITH THE LOGISTICS OF THE BULGARIAN CONTINGENTS IN IRAQ SFIR OPERATION

STUDYING THE EXPERIENCE WITH THE LOGISTICS OF THE BULGARIAN CONTINGENTS IN IRAQ SFIR OPERATION
(STUDYING THE EXPERIENCE WITH THE LOGISTICS OF THE BULGARIAN CONTINGENTS IN IRAQ SFIR OPERATION)

Author(s):Miroslav DIMITROV, Georgi MARINOV
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:461-468
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Logistics, Operation Iraqi Freedom; military logistics; multinational logistics; Bulgarian contingents logistics
Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this study is to investigate the degree to which the logistics system of the Ministry of Defence of the Bulgarian Armed Forces met the necessary criteria for providing material support to Bulgarian constituents while Operation Iraqi Freedom was being carried out. In addition, the study identifies the primary factors that contribute to unsatisfactory performance and offers suggestions for improving the efficiency of the logistics system. Both of these aspects are included as part of the research report.

EMERGING AIR THREATS

EMERGING AIR THREATS
(EMERGING AIR THREATS)

Author(s):Vlad-Vasile TABACARU, Ovidiu DOBOS, Vlad-Andrei GHETAU
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:469-478
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:emerging air threats; unmanned aerial systems; hypersonic weapons; cyber threats; mitigation
Summary/Abstract:The air domain plays a vital role in modern warfare and global security, with both state and non-state actors constantly seeking new avenues to gain advantage and project power. This article explores the emerging threats in the air domain that are reshaping the dynamics of military operations, regional security, and civilian safety. The rapid advancements in technology, coupled with the proliferation of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) and the growing accessibility of sophisticated weapons, have created an increasingly complex and challenging environment. The article delves into key areas of concern, including the rise of unmanned systems, hypersonic weapons, and cyber threats targeting critical air infrastructure. By understanding the evolving nature of threats in the air domain, policymakers, military strategists, and defense agencies can adapt and prepare for the changing landscape, ensuring the protection of national and global security interests in the years to come.

NAVIGATING THE COMPLEXITIES OF AIR DOMAIN OPERATIONS: ADAPTING TO EVOLVING ENVIRONMENTS

NAVIGATING THE COMPLEXITIES OF AIR DOMAIN OPERATIONS: ADAPTING TO EVOLVING ENVIRONMENTS
(NAVIGATING THE COMPLEXITIES OF AIR DOMAIN OPERATIONS: ADAPTING TO EVOLVING ENVIRONMENTS)

Author(s):Ionut-Mihai PRUTEANU, Liviu-Alexandru FECHETE, Vlad-Andrei GHETAU
Language:English
Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy
Page Range:479-492
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:air-domain operations; situational awareness; cognitive warfare; artificial intelligence; penetrating counter-air
Summary/Abstract:As military operations become increasingly complex and dynamic, the ability to effectively operate within the air domain has become a critical factor in achieving mission success. From emerging technologies and changing threats to evolving geopolitical landscapes, the air domain presents a host of challenges that must be navigated with precision and agility. In this article, we will explore the key factors that influence military operations in the air domain, including advances in technology, the importance of situational awareness, and the need for effective communication and collaboration. We will also examine the role of simulation and training in preparing military personnel for the unique challenges of air domain operations. Finally, we will explore the concept of cognitive warfare and its implications for solving the issues that arise in adapting to evolving environments in the air domain, including the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning to enhance decision-making and situational awareness. Through a comprehensive analysis of these issues, we hope to provide insight and strategies for military leaders and personnel to adapt to evolving operating environments in the air domain.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE STRATEGIES XXI. VOLUME XIX PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE STRATEGIES XXI. VOLUME XIX

PRC ENGAGEMENT WITH LATIN AMERICA, AND CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: COMPARISONS AND INSIGHTS

PRC ENGAGEMENT WITH LATIN AMERICA, AND CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: COMPARISONS AND INSIGHTS (PRC ENGAGEMENT WITH LATIN AMERICA, AND CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: COMPARISONS AND INSIGHTS)

ROMANIAN DIPLOMACY IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL SECURITY

ROMANIAN DIPLOMACY IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL SECURITY (ROMANIAN DIPLOMACY IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL SECURITY)

FROM CURRENCY WARS THROUGH TRADE WARSTO CO NVENTIONAL WARS: REALIZATION OF OLD PREDICTIONS BEFORE OUR EYES

FROM CURRENCY WARS THROUGH TRADE WARSTO CO NVENTIONAL WARS: REALIZATION OF OLD PREDICTIONS BEFORE OUR EYES (FROM CURRENCY WARS THROUGH TRADE WARS TO CONVENTIONAL WARS: REALIZATION OF OLD PREDICTIONS BEFORE OUR EYES)

RUSSIA’S MILITARY AGGRESSION AND STRIKE IN GEORGIA ON AUGUST 2008: LESSONS LEARNED – GEOSTRATEGIC ANALYSIS

RUSSIA’S MILITARY AGGRESSION AND STRIKE IN GEORGIA ON AUGUST 2008: LESSONS LEARNED – GEOSTRATEGIC ANALYSIS (RUSSIA’S MILITARY AGGRESSION AND STRIKE IN GEORGIA ON AUGUST 2008: LESSONS LEARNED – GEOSTRATEGIC ANALYSIS)

ON THE IMPERATIVE NEED TO ELIMINATE HYBRID THREATS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CURRENT CHANGES IN THE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT

ON THE IMPERATIVE NEED TO ELIMINATE HYBRID THREATS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CURRENT CHANGES IN THE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT (ON THE IMPERATIVE NEED TO ELIMINATE HYBRID THREATS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CURRENT CHANGES IN THE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT)

VIRTUAL ASSETS IN TIMES OF WAR: THE NATIONAL SECURITY IMPLICATIONS AND THE IMPERATIVE OF A NATIONAL DATA ANALYSIS PLATFORM, INVOLVING THE TRANSFER OF VALUE ACROSS BLOCKCHAINS

THE EXPANSION OF IRAN’S PROXY CAPABILITIES AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MILITARY INDUSTRY

THE EXPANSION OF IRAN’S PROXY CAPABILITIES AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MILITARY INDUSTRY (THE EXPANSION OF IRAN’S PROXY CAPABILITIES AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MILITARY INDUSTRY)

EUROPEAN DEFENCE COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONFLICT IN UKRAINE. ONE SMALL STEP FOR THE WORLD AND A GIANT LEAP FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION

EUROPEAN DEFENCE COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONFLICT IN UKRAINE. ONE SMALL STEP FOR THE WORLD AND A GIANT LEAP FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION (EUROPEAN DEFENCE COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONFLICT IN UKRAINE. ONE SMALL STEP FOR THE WORLD AND A GIANT LEAP FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION)

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE SOCIAL PROFILE OF GENERATION Z AND ITS ADAPTATION TO A MILITARY CAREER IN THE ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE SOCIAL PROFILE OF GENERATION Z AND ITS ADAPTATION TO A MILITARY CAREER IN THE ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES (CONSIDERATIONS ON THE SOCIAL PROFILE OF GENERATION Z AND ITS ADAPTATION TO A MILITARY CAREER IN THE ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES)

DEFINING SYSTEMIC INSTRUMENTS IN THE CONTEMPORARY AND FUTURE STRATEGIC NUCLEAR BALANCE. APPLICABILITY TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA

FINLAND’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS NATO, 1991-2023

FINLAND’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS NATO, 1991-2023 (FINLAND’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS NATO, 1991-2023)

RUSSIAN FEDERATION AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE. CONSEQUENCES ON DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE FIELD

RUSSIAN FEDERATION AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE. CONSEQUENCES ON DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE FIELD (RUSSIAN FEDERATION AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE. CONSEQUENCES ON DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE FIELD)

A PROJECTION OF THE COGNITIVE WARFARE IN HUMAN INTELLIGENCE

A PROJECTION OF THE COGNITIVE WARFARE IN HUMAN INTELLIGENCE (A PROJECTION OF THE COGNITIVE WARFARE IN HUMAN INTELLIGENCE)

THE RISE OF OPEN-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR

THE RISE OF OPEN-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR (THE RISE OF OPEN-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR)

WAYS TO ACHIEVE INFORMATION ADVANTAGE IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR

WAYS TO ACHIEVE INFORMATION ADVANTAGE IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR (WAYS TO ACHIEVE INFORMATION ADVANTAGE IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR)

INTELLIGENCE DRIVEN OPERATIONS, THE KEY TO OPERATIONAL SUCCESS

INTELLIGENCE DRIVEN OPERATIONS, THE KEY TO OPERATIONAL SUCCESS (INTELLIGENCE DRIVEN OPERATIONS, THE KEY TO OPERATIONAL SUCCESS)

CONTEMPORARY HUNGARIAN GEOPOLITICAL IDEAS AND ACTIONS

CONTEMPORARY HUNGARIAN GEOPOLITICAL IDEAS AND ACTIONS (CONTEMPORARY HUNGARIAN GEOPOLITICAL IDEAS AND ACTIONS)

NATIONAL SECURITY UNDER THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION

NATIONAL SECURITY UNDER THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION (NATIONAL SECURITY UNDER THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION)

VALUES OF CYBER THREATS IN CYBERSPACE SECURITY INFRASTRUCTURE

VALUES OF CYBER THREATS IN CYBERSPACE SECURITY INFRASTRUCTURE (VALUES OF CYBER THREATS IN CYBERSPACE SECURITY INFRASTRUCTURE)

FRANCE'S POSITION IN GLOBAL TECTONICS. GEOPOLITICAL STATUS AND GEOSTRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS

FRANCE'S POSITION IN GLOBAL TECTONICS. GEOPOLITICAL STATUS AND GEOSTRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS (FRANCE'S POSITION IN GLOBAL TECTONICS. GEOPOLITICAL STATUS AND GEOSTRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS)

EXPLAINING THE PARTICIPATION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE BLACK SEA GRAIN INITIATIVE. A CRITICAL ASSESEMNT OF PROMINENT RATIONALS ATTRIBUTED TO THIS DECISION

SOME CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE GEOPOLITICS AND THE GEOSTRATEGY OF THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD

SOME CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE GEOPOLITICS AND THE GEOSTRATEGY OF THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD (SOME CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE GEOPOLITICS AND THE GEOSTRATEGY OF THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD)

THE THREAT OF A LARGE-SCALE LONG WAR OF AGGRESSION

THE THREAT OF A LARGE-SCALE LONG WAR OF AGGRESSION (THE THREAT OF A LARGE-SCALE LONG WAR OF AGGRESSION)

BLACK SEA SECURITY ACT – A NEW PROGRAMATIC DOCUMENT THAT BRINGS THE BLACK SEA REGION INTO THE LIGHT

BLACK SEA SECURITY ACT – A NEW PROGRAMATIC DOCUMENT THAT BRINGS THE BLACK SEA REGION INTO THE LIGHT (BLACK SEA SECURITY ACT – A NEW PROGRAMATIC DOCUMENT THAT BRINGS THE BLACK SEA REGION INTO THE LIGHT)

ASPECTS OF CONSIDERING DOMAINS, DIMENSIONS, AND ENVIRONMENTS MULTI-DOMAIN OPERATIONS’ CONDUCT TO PRINCIPLES AND SPECIFITIES OF INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW

THE SPIRITUAL, PATRIOTIC, MORAL AND MATERIAL CONTRIBUTION OF THE MINISTERS OF THE HOLY ORTHODOX ALTARS TO THE SUPPORT OF ROMANIA'S EFFORTS IN THE WAR OF ALLIANCE

FORMULATING LONG-TERM STRATEGIC PRIORITIES IN THE NATIONAL SECURITY AND DEFENCE STRATEGY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA – GEOSTRATEGIC SECURITY AND THE ROLE OF THE BLACK SEA

THE FAKE NEWS PHENOMENON. HISTORY, USE, DEFINITIONS, FORMS AND FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ACCEPTANCE AND DISSEMINATION OF FAKE NEWS

THE FAKE NEWS PHENOMENON. HISTORY, USE, DEFINITIONS, FORMS AND FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ACCEPTANCE AND DISSEMINATION OF FAKE NEWS (THE FAKE NEWS PHENOMENON. HISTORY, USE, DEFINITIONS, FORMS AND FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ACCEPTANCE AND DISSEMINATION OF FAKE NEWS)

IS GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE A BLACK SWAN IN COGNITIVE WARFARE?

IS GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE A BLACK SWAN IN COGNITIVE WARFARE? (IS GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE A BLACK SWAN IN COGNITIVE WARFARE?)

THE IMPACT OF COGNITIVE WARFARE ON PLANNING AND DECISION-MAKING IN MILITARY CONFLICTS

THE IMPACT OF COGNITIVE WARFARE ON PLANNING AND DECISION-MAKING IN MILITARY CONFLICTS (THE IMPACT OF COGNITIVE WARFARE ON PLANNING AND DECISION-MAKING IN MILITARY CONFLICTS)

THE MAIN TOOLS OF COGNITIVE ATTACKS ON CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY – DISINFORMATION AND PROPAGANDA

THE MAIN TOOLS OF COGNITIVE ATTACKS ON CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY – DISINFORMATION AND PROPAGANDA (THE MAIN TOOLS OF COGNITIVE ATTACKS ON CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY – DISINFORMATION AND PROPAGANDA)

USE OF CHATGPT GENERATIVE AI IN UAV FIELD

USE OF CHATGPT GENERATIVE AI IN UAV FIELD (USE OF CHATGPT GENERATIVE AI IN UAV FIELD)

COGNITIVE SUPERIORITY AN EMERGENT ASPECT OF HYBRID WARFARE

COGNITIVE SUPERIORITY AN EMERGENT ASPECT OF HYBRID WARFARE (COGNITIVE SUPERIORITY AN EMERGENT ASPECT OF HYBRID WARFARE)

COGNITIVE WARFARE ATTACKS ON CRITICAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE

COGNITIVE WARFARE ATTACKS ON CRITICAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE (COGNITIVE WARFARE ATTACKS ON CRITICAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE)

UNDERSTANDING THE JOINT LOGISTIC SUPPORT GROUP (JLSG): ROLE, CONCEPT, AND MAIN CHALLENGES

UNDERSTANDING THE JOINT LOGISTIC SUPPORT GROUP (JLSG): ROLE, CONCEPT, AND MAIN CHALLENGES (UNDERSTANDING THE JOINT LOGISTIC SUPPORT GROUP (JLSG): ROLE, CONCEPT, AND MAIN CHALLENGES)

MARITIME SECURITY IN THE INDO-PACIFIC VISION. THREATS AND RISKS TO THE ECONOMY

MARITIME SECURITY IN THE INDO-PACIFIC VISION. THREATS AND RISKS TO THE ECONOMY (MARITIME SECURITY IN THE INDO-PACIFIC VISION. THREATS AND RISKS TO THE ECONOMY)

THE INFLUENCE OF UNCERTAINTY ON MILITARY LEADERSHIP

THE INFLUENCE OF UNCERTAINTY ON MILITARY LEADERSHIP (THE INFLUENCE OF UNCERTAINTY ON MILITARY LEADERSHIP)

FIRE SUPPORT IN A JOINT FORCE OPERATION FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE

FIRE SUPPORT IN A JOINT FORCE OPERATION FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE (FIRE SUPPORT IN A JOINT FORCE OPERATION FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE)

OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXPLOITING OF RIVER-MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR

OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXPLOITING OF RIVER-MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR (OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXPLOITING OF RIVER-MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR)

MULTI-DOMAIN DECEPTION – CONTEMPORARY OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENT

MULTI-DOMAIN DECEPTION – CONTEMPORARY OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENT (MULTI-DOMAIN DECEPTION – CONTEMPORARY OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENT)

ADAPTING NATO'S INTEGRATED AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSE TO MULTI-DOMAIN OPERATIONS

ADAPTING NATO'S INTEGRATED AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSE TO MULTI-DOMAIN OPERATIONS (ADAPTING NATO'S INTEGRATED AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSE TO MULTI-DOMAIN OPERATIONS)

RUSSIAN NEW 2022 MARITIME DOCTRINE - WHAT HAS CHANGED?

RUSSIAN NEW 2022 MARITIME DOCTRINE - WHAT HAS CHANGED? (RUSSIAN NEW 2022 MARITIME DOCTRINE - WHAT HAS CHANGED?)

GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY AND SYSTEMS ANALYSIS IN OPERATIONAL ART

PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE STRATEGIES XXI. VOLUME XIX
PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE STRATEGIES XXI. VOLUME XIX

PRC ENGAGEMENT WITH LATIN AMERICA, AND CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: COMPARISONS AND INSIGHTS
(PRC ENGAGEMENT WITH LATIN AMERICA, AND CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE: COMPARISONS AND INSIGHTS)

ROMANIAN DIPLOMACY IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL SECURITY
(ROMANIAN DIPLOMACY IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL SECURITY)

FROM CURRENCY WARS THROUGH TRADE WARSTO CO NVENTIONAL WARS: REALIZATION OF OLD PREDICTIONS BEFORE OUR EYES
(FROM CURRENCY WARS THROUGH TRADE WARS TO CONVENTIONAL WARS: REALIZATION OF OLD PREDICTIONS BEFORE OUR EYES)

RUSSIA’S MILITARY AGGRESSION AND STRIKE IN GEORGIA ON AUGUST 2008: LESSONS LEARNED – GEOSTRATEGIC ANALYSIS
(RUSSIA’S MILITARY AGGRESSION AND STRIKE IN GEORGIA ON AUGUST 2008: LESSONS LEARNED – GEOSTRATEGIC ANALYSIS)

ON THE IMPERATIVE NEED TO ELIMINATE HYBRID THREATS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CURRENT CHANGES IN THE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
(ON THE IMPERATIVE NEED TO ELIMINATE HYBRID THREATS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CURRENT CHANGES IN THE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT)

THE EXPANSION OF IRAN’S PROXY CAPABILITIES AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MILITARY INDUSTRY
(THE EXPANSION OF IRAN’S PROXY CAPABILITIES AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MILITARY INDUSTRY)

EUROPEAN DEFENCE COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONFLICT IN UKRAINE. ONE SMALL STEP FOR THE WORLD AND A GIANT LEAP FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION
(EUROPEAN DEFENCE COOPERATION IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CONFLICT IN UKRAINE. ONE SMALL STEP FOR THE WORLD AND A GIANT LEAP FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION)

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE SOCIAL PROFILE OF GENERATION Z AND ITS ADAPTATION TO A MILITARY CAREER IN THE ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES
(CONSIDERATIONS ON THE SOCIAL PROFILE OF GENERATION Z AND ITS ADAPTATION TO A MILITARY CAREER IN THE ROMANIAN ARMED FORCES)

FINLAND’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS NATO, 1991-2023
(FINLAND’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS NATO, 1991-2023)

RUSSIAN FEDERATION AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE. CONSEQUENCES ON DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE FIELD
(RUSSIAN FEDERATION AGGRESSION AGAINST UKRAINE. CONSEQUENCES ON DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE FIELD)

A PROJECTION OF THE COGNITIVE WARFARE IN HUMAN INTELLIGENCE
(A PROJECTION OF THE COGNITIVE WARFARE IN HUMAN INTELLIGENCE)

THE RISE OF OPEN-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR
(THE RISE OF OPEN-SOURCE INTELLIGENCE IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR)

WAYS TO ACHIEVE INFORMATION ADVANTAGE IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR
(WAYS TO ACHIEVE INFORMATION ADVANTAGE IN THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE WAR)

INTELLIGENCE DRIVEN OPERATIONS, THE KEY TO OPERATIONAL SUCCESS
(INTELLIGENCE DRIVEN OPERATIONS, THE KEY TO OPERATIONAL SUCCESS)

CONTEMPORARY HUNGARIAN GEOPOLITICAL IDEAS AND ACTIONS
(CONTEMPORARY HUNGARIAN GEOPOLITICAL IDEAS AND ACTIONS)

NATIONAL SECURITY UNDER THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION
(NATIONAL SECURITY UNDER THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION)

VALUES OF CYBER THREATS IN CYBERSPACE SECURITY INFRASTRUCTURE
(VALUES OF CYBER THREATS IN CYBERSPACE SECURITY INFRASTRUCTURE)

FRANCE'S POSITION IN GLOBAL TECTONICS. GEOPOLITICAL STATUS AND GEOSTRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS
(FRANCE'S POSITION IN GLOBAL TECTONICS. GEOPOLITICAL STATUS AND GEOSTRATEGIC DEVELOPMENTS)

SOME CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE GEOPOLITICS AND THE GEOSTRATEGY OF THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD
(SOME CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE GEOPOLITICS AND THE GEOSTRATEGY OF THE POST-COLD WAR PERIOD)

THE THREAT OF A LARGE-SCALE LONG WAR OF AGGRESSION
(THE THREAT OF A LARGE-SCALE LONG WAR OF AGGRESSION)

BLACK SEA SECURITY ACT – A NEW PROGRAMATIC DOCUMENT THAT BRINGS THE BLACK SEA REGION INTO THE LIGHT
(BLACK SEA SECURITY ACT – A NEW PROGRAMATIC DOCUMENT THAT BRINGS THE BLACK SEA REGION INTO THE LIGHT)

THE FAKE NEWS PHENOMENON. HISTORY, USE, DEFINITIONS, FORMS AND FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ACCEPTANCE AND DISSEMINATION OF FAKE NEWS
(THE FAKE NEWS PHENOMENON. HISTORY, USE, DEFINITIONS, FORMS AND FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ACCEPTANCE AND DISSEMINATION OF FAKE NEWS)

IS GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE A BLACK SWAN IN COGNITIVE WARFARE?
(IS GENERATIVE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE A BLACK SWAN IN COGNITIVE WARFARE?)

THE IMPACT OF COGNITIVE WARFARE ON PLANNING AND DECISION-MAKING IN MILITARY CONFLICTS
(THE IMPACT OF COGNITIVE WARFARE ON PLANNING AND DECISION-MAKING IN MILITARY CONFLICTS)

THE MAIN TOOLS OF COGNITIVE ATTACKS ON CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY – DISINFORMATION AND PROPAGANDA
(THE MAIN TOOLS OF COGNITIVE ATTACKS ON CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY – DISINFORMATION AND PROPAGANDA)

USE OF CHATGPT GENERATIVE AI IN UAV FIELD
(USE OF CHATGPT GENERATIVE AI IN UAV FIELD)

COGNITIVE SUPERIORITY AN EMERGENT ASPECT OF HYBRID WARFARE
(COGNITIVE SUPERIORITY AN EMERGENT ASPECT OF HYBRID WARFARE)

COGNITIVE WARFARE ATTACKS ON CRITICAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE
(COGNITIVE WARFARE ATTACKS ON CRITICAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE)

UNDERSTANDING THE JOINT LOGISTIC SUPPORT GROUP (JLSG): ROLE, CONCEPT, AND MAIN CHALLENGES
(UNDERSTANDING THE JOINT LOGISTIC SUPPORT GROUP (JLSG): ROLE, CONCEPT, AND MAIN CHALLENGES)

MARITIME SECURITY IN THE INDO-PACIFIC VISION. THREATS AND RISKS TO THE ECONOMY
(MARITIME SECURITY IN THE INDO-PACIFIC VISION. THREATS AND RISKS TO THE ECONOMY)

THE INFLUENCE OF UNCERTAINTY ON MILITARY LEADERSHIP
(THE INFLUENCE OF UNCERTAINTY ON MILITARY LEADERSHIP)

FIRE SUPPORT IN A JOINT FORCE OPERATION FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE
(FIRE SUPPORT IN A JOINT FORCE OPERATION FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE)

OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXPLOITING OF RIVER-MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR
(OPPORTUNITIES FOR EXPLOITING OF RIVER-MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE RUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN WAR)

MULTI-DOMAIN DECEPTION – CONTEMPORARY OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENT
(MULTI-DOMAIN DECEPTION – CONTEMPORARY OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENT)

ADAPTING NATO'S INTEGRATED AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSE TO MULTI-DOMAIN OPERATIONS
(ADAPTING NATO'S INTEGRATED AIR AND MISSILE DEFENSE TO MULTI-DOMAIN OPERATIONS)

RUSSIAN NEW 2022 MARITIME DOCTRINE - WHAT HAS CHANGED?
(RUSSIAN NEW 2022 MARITIME DOCTRINE - WHAT HAS CHANGED?)

GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY AND SYSTEMS ANALYSIS IN OPERATIONAL ART
(GENERAL SYSTEMS THEORY AND SYSTEMS ANALYSIS IN OPERATIONAL ART)

EMERGING AND DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEFENSE TRANSFORMATION
(EMERGING AND DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR DEFENSE TRANSFORMATION)

THE IMPORTANCE OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN THE MODERNIZATION PROCESS OF THE ROMANIAN ARMY
(THE IMPORTANCE OF FINANCIAL RESOURCES IN THE MODERNIZATION PROCESS OF THE ROMANIAN ARMY)

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RAW MATERIALS TO ENSURE A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE ENERGY SYSTEM "HYDROGEN – THE FUEL OF THE FUTURE"
(ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RAW MATERIALS TO ENSURE A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE FOR THE ENERGY SYSTEM "HYDROGEN – THE FUEL OF THE FUTURE")

STUDYING THE EXPERIENCE WITH THE LOGISTICS OF THE BULGARIAN CONTINGENTS IN IRAQ SFIR OPERATION
(STUDYING THE EXPERIENCE WITH THE LOGISTICS OF THE BULGARIAN CONTINGENTS IN IRAQ SFIR OPERATION)

EMERGING AIR THREATS
(EMERGING AIR THREATS)

NAVIGATING THE COMPLEXITIES OF AIR DOMAIN OPERATIONS: ADAPTING TO EVOLVING ENVIRONMENTS
(NAVIGATING THE COMPLEXITIES OF AIR DOMAIN OPERATIONS: ADAPTING TO EVOLVING ENVIRONMENTS)