The Fourth Annual Conference of the National Defence College Romania in the New International Security Dynamics
The Fourth Annual Conference of the National Defence College Romania in the New International Security Dynamics
Contributor(s): Doina Muresan (Editor), Ioan Crăciun (Editor), Alexandru STOICA (Editor)
Subject(s): Governance, International relations/trade, Military policy, Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Geopolitics
ISSN: 2668-3865
Published by: Carol I National Defence University Publishing House
Keywords: security; Romania; good governance; security dinamics; globalization;
Summary/Abstract: new national security agenda. Our conference focuses on shaping security by identifying three layers of building national resilience: (1) promoting security, (2) cultivating strategic leadership and (3) prospecting the future of security. Therefore, the conference holds three sections. The first section is named Security – between challenges and opportunities and opens these proceedings. The section starts from a symbolistic approach, as Brexit is debated in 2019 – the year when the British University of Aberystwyth celebrates 100 years since creating the first department of International Relations in the world. The magnitude of the centennial celebration of International Relation becomes somehow a robust occasion for resetting the timer in International Relation theory and Security Studies. We encouraged authors to analyze the theoretical changes in the domain, but also the challenges and case studies of an international, regional and national practice of security. Papers referring to Romania’s position in regional and international relations and papers referring to national security sector reform were also encouraged. The second chapter of the conference holds the title Good governance and strategic leadership: thinking, acting and influencing in international politics. The section had as a central idea the good governance as a way of building a more accurate and performant crises management and security system. We encouraged authors also to analyze how acting and influencing in national security is possible. Papers analyzing training and mentorship cases from public authorities were also welcomed. The third section is named The future of international security dynamics: prospects and results. The section starts from the assumption that it’s hard to say what the future will look alike. But one thing is certain, that we should prepare for its effects. This is why some organizations have refined fresh methodologies for prospecting the future, by identifying Weak Signals or Wild Cards. Others just stick to the facts, by building resilience through a complex scenario development process. We encouraged authors to analyze the future of European security and to search for possible scenarios for current conflicts and crises. Papers analyzing the theoretical foundation of prognosis, foresight and strategic planning were also welcomed.
- Page Count: 359
- Publication Year: 2019
- Language: English
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION. THE IMPLICATIONS AND DYNAMICS OF THE ROMANIAN LABOR FORCE MIGRATION WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION
INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION.
THE IMPLICATIONS AND DYNAMICS OF THE ROMANIAN LABOR FORCE MIGRATION WITHIN THE EUROPEAN UNION
(SECURITY – BETWEEN CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITI)
- Author(s):Doina Muresan, Alexandru STOICA
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Societal Essay
- Page Range:10-24
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:security;Romania; labor policy;
- Summary/Abstract:This scientific communication has as main aim the analysis of the evolution specific to the Romanian migration phenomenon, as a result of an extensive process of transformation from a closed society, just like it was during the 1990s, to a society with more than three million of persons left to work abroad. In this context, are presented the main addictions of the migration decisions by making a synthetic picture of the Romanian migration system. The premise that grounds such an approach claims that, by informing on the manner different flows of the Romanian migration system are tied one another, one will be able to state a general framework of understanding the causal context of the subjective phenomena associated to the migration: the decision of migration, identities and so on.
THE IMPACT OF THE 1990S ON THE CURRENT SECURITY OF ROMANIA – A FIVE - DIMENSIONAL TRANSFORMATION
THE IMPACT OF THE 1990S ON THE CURRENT SECURITY
OF ROMANIA – A FIVE - DIMENSIONAL TRANSFORMATION
(THE IMPACT OF THE 1990S ON THE CURRENT SECURITY
OF ROMANIA – A FIVE - DIMENSIONAL TRANSFORMATION)
- Author(s):Roxana Olteanu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense, Transformation Period (1990 - 2010)
- Page Range:24-37
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:security sector; reform; 1990s; post-Communism; Romania;
- Summary/Abstract:: The aim of this paper is to take a closer look at the impact of the 1990s on the current activity of the Romanian security sector. The study states that, after the downfall of Communism, this field passed through a five-dimensional process of transformation - the change in external priorities and strategic options; a new definition of threats; mutations in the network of institutions in charge of security; a new basis for the relation to the citizens; changes in day by day security processes. After considering, along those lines, both the successes of the period and some its shortcomings or unsolved problems, the paper shows that the transformation of the security sector did not end by cosmeticizing the previous realities, but by generating a constitutive effect in this field and by laying new foundations for how Romania currently understands and achieves its security.
PRESENT CHALLENGES TO THE INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
PRESENT CHALLENGES TO THE INTERNATIONAL
SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
(The tendency to diversify global security actors is also accompanied by the growing importance of non-state security actors, including international security organizations, non-governmental organizations, various humanitarian, environmental and trans)
- Author(s):Mihaela Pană
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:38-45
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:security;globalization; migration; challenges; risks;
- Summary/Abstract:The tendency to diversify global security actors is also accompanied by the growing importance of non-state security actors, including international security organizations, non-governmental organizations, various humanitarian, environmental and trans
ROMANIAN MARITIME SECURITY STRATEGY
ROMANIAN MARITIME SECURITY STRATEGY
(ROMANIAN MARITIME SECURITY STRATEGY)
- Author(s):Auraș Liviu COMAN, Ioan Crăciun
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Military policy
- Page Range:46-50
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:security;globalization; migration; challenges; risks;
- Summary/Abstract:The tendency to diversify global security actors is also accompanied by the growing importance of non-state security actors, including international security organizations, non-governmental organizations, various humanitarian, environmental and transnational groups (mass-media, ethnic-religious, scientific, terrorist, organized crime movements, etc.), which can increasingly influence the decisions of national governments, or the configuration of the regional or global security architecture.
THE ROLE OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN DEVELOPING THE SECURITY CULTURE
THE ROLE OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN DEVELOPING THE SECURITY CULTURE
(THE ROLE OF THE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN DEVELOPING THE SECURITY CULTURE)
- Author(s):Aurelian Romeo Popovici
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:51-57
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:National security; security culture; education; development;
- Summary/Abstract:One can not speak of a competitive nation as well as of assuring national security if education is not a priority area for political decision-makers in any country. From this point of view, we believe that identifying funding sources and allocating the amounts needed for the system must be a priority for any political decision- maker. The Romanian education system will, in our opinion, not be able to perform without adequate funding and without a very well-qualified and motivated human resource.
THE STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF UKRAINE TO ROMANIA. THE CURRENT SITUATION IN UKRAINE
THE STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF UKRAINE TO ROMANIA.
THE CURRENT SITUATION IN UKRAINE
(THE STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE OF UKRAINE TO ROMANIA.
THE CURRENT SITUATION IN UKRAINE)
- Author(s):Alexandru Iuri Covaleov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geopolitics
- Page Range:58-66
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Ukraine; security; geopolitics;
- Summary/Abstract:Over the past few years, particularly since the annexation of Crimea and the war in the “eastern regions” of the country (Donbass), Ukraine has become the most “turbulent” geopolitical space in Europe and an experimental ground for an ongoing hybrid war; ostensibly a global laboratory in which a new world order is being tested
RESPONSIBILITIES ON BOARD THE E-3A
RESPONSIBILITIES ON BOARD THE E-3A
(RESPONSIBILITIES ON BOARD THE E-3A)
- Author(s):Mihai Iordache
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Military policy
- Page Range:67-72
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:NATO; AWACS; E-3A;
- Summary/Abstract:In the early 1970s, various NATO studies indicated that an airborne early warning (AEW) system would greatly enhance the Alliance’s existing airspace defense system. Around 20 multinational crews from 15 of the 29 NATO member nations are assigned to the E-3A Component’s two operational squadrons. The E-3A Component has a multinational workforce of around 1,400 military and civilian personnel. Each airborne crewmember has important responsibilities on board and the E-3A can not execute its missions properly without them.
SHORT HISTORY REGARDING THE EVOLUTION OF WORLDWIDEEARLY WARNING AIRCRAFT
SHORT HISTORY REGARDING THE EVOLUTION OF WORLDWIDEEARLY WARNING AIRCRAFT
(SHORT HISTORY REGARDING THE EVOLUTION OF WORLDWIDEEARLY WARNING AIRCRAFT)
- Author(s):Mihai Iordache
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Military policy
- Page Range:73-78
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:NATO; airplane; airforce;
- Summary/Abstract:At strategic level, early warning and prevention of terrorist situations is a very important issue both for the states and for the interests of international organizations. Conflict prevention and crisis management are major concerns at the NATO level, particularly in the context of the current security environment marked by deep and surprising changes at geopolitical and geostrategic level. More and more states, air forces and many others develop or purchase AEW&C systems. Countries such as the U.S.A., Russia and China, which are powerful air forces, as well as countries that are smaller in size or have less powerful air forces, such as Sweden, Italy, Israel, Mexico, etc. operate these extremely important systems.
THE PROTECTION OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGEMENT MODELS OF RISK
THE PROTECTION OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
MANAGEMENT MODELS OF RISK
(THE PROTECTION OF CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE
MANAGEMENT MODELS OF RISK)
- Author(s):Ionel Lanciu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Public Administration, Security and defense, Welfare systems
- Page Range:79-86
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:critical infrastructures; Critical Infrastructure Protection Program (ECIP);
- Summary/Abstract:Critical infrastructures are the most sensitive, most vulnerable domain of any system and process. Their sensitivity derives from their special role in the structure, stability and smooth operation of systems or processes. Vulnerabilities are processes, phenomena, de facto situations that diminish the capacity of critical infrastructure responses to existing or potential risks or favor their emergence and development, with consequences for their proper functioning and utility. Lack of knowledge or management of vulnerabilities can generate risk factors, threats or threats to the objectives, the value and to the national interests of critical infrastructures. Vulnerability is usually proportional to the role played by critical infrastructures. It follows, however well protected, critical infrastructures will always have a high degree of vulnerability, they are the first to target when in the process of destabilization and even destroying a system or process.
VIABILITY OF THE MEASURES TAKEN BY NATO TO ENSURE ROMANIA'S SECURITY
VIABILITY OF THE MEASURES TAKEN BY NATO TO ENSURE ROMANIA'S SECURITY
(VIABILITY OF THE MEASURES TAKEN BY NATO TO ENSURE ROMANIA'S SECURITY)
- Author(s):George-Bogdan Croitoru
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Military policy
- Page Range:87-91
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:NATO; Irak; Afghanistan; cooperation;
- Summary/Abstract:In a cooperative security perspective, the security of one state is viewed as intrinsically linked to, and dependent on, the security of others. This interdependence of security thus motivates states to utilize multilateral forums, including formal institutions, to make cooperation easier. NATO has demonstrated a capacity to function along these lines in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Kosovo, Irak, and Afghanistan.
THE ROMANIAN PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITIES
THE ROMANIAN PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITIES
(THE ROMANIAN PRESIDENCY OF THE COUNCIL OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. STRATEGIC OPPORTUNITIES)
- Author(s):Elena Pericle
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:92-97
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Romania; Romanian Presidency of the Council; European Union;
- Summary/Abstract:Between 1 January and 30 June 2019, the Presidency of the Council of the European Union is exercised by Romania. Romania's mandate takes place in a period characterized by the joint efforts of the Member States to identify responses to the major challenges to the European project and to define its action for the next decade, in the desire to strengthen peace, freedom, stability, prosperity, social solidarity, cohesion offered since the beginning. At the same time, we note that during this period, large-scale processes are taking place with an impact on the future of the European Union, the Brexit, the process started by The Great Britain which implies exiting the European Union, the transition to a new legislative cycle following the European elections, implicitly, the ending of the mandate of the European Commission and the European Parliament, as well as defining the principles of the next post-2020 Multi-annual Financial Framework, that will need to provide the Union with the necessary resources to achieve the objectives of the next seven years, in a balance between growth-convergence policies and response to new challenge
IRAN’S POLICY TOWARDS IRAQ AND SYRIA – IDEOLOGY OR STRATEGY?
IRAN’S POLICY TOWARDS IRAQ AND SYRIA – IDEOLOGY
OR STRATEGY?
(IRAN’S POLICY TOWARDS IRAQ AND SYRIA – IDEOLOGY
OR STRATEGY?)
- Author(s):Octavian Biclineru
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Military policy
- Page Range:98-106
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Iran; USA; Iraq; DAESH;
- Summary/Abstract:The US intervention in Iraq (2003), the Arab Spring (2010) and the international actions taken against DAESH (2014) enabled Iran to strengthen its influence in the Middle East. Iran’s actions constantly spread fear among the Sunni Arab leaders, Israel and the US, because they have the power to influence governments in countries as Iraq, Syria and Lebanon. Iran’s influence over these governments would make it the ultimate leader in the region.The Iranian expansion has been called by many names – ”the Shiite crescent”, ”the Shiite full moon”, ”the Shiite belt”, ”the Shiite arch” ”the Shiite corridor” or ”the Shiite land corridor”. As far as the Shiite geopolitical area is concerned, it includes the Shiites in Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Syria and Lebanon, although one can find shiites in Afghanistan, Azerbaidjan, Pakistan and Turkey as well. Although the Shiite presence is viewed with both mistrust and conviction, it can be in fact a recurrent cliche present in political speeches, the press, in geopolitical debates, and among geopolitical analysts.
THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT IN THE AGE OF MEDIA CULTURE
THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
IN THE AGE OF MEDIA CULTURE
(THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
IN THE AGE OF MEDIA CULTURE)
- Author(s):Daniel Pîslariu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Media studies, Theory of Communication
- Page Range:107-117
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:mass-media; culture; traditional; identity; communication and security;
- Summary/Abstract:Today, our society can be described in a multitude manners and ways, using a mixture of chosen words that can have sometimes a powerful impact over the audience. In our case, we would like to describe our society through the words: complex, interconnected and unaware. It seems that because of the high consumption of the means of mass communication, all of the fields of activity of the society are affected, including areas such as security. In this article we will try to describe and to demonstrate that the media culture, which is expanding rapidly, can and will continuously affect and lead to the transformation of the (security) environment.
NEW GOVERNANCE MODEL FOR IMPLEMENTATION OF NSIP PROJECTS
NEW GOVERNANCE MODEL FOR IMPLEMENTATION
OF NSIP PROJECTS
(NEW GOVERNANCE MODEL FOR IMPLEMENTATION
OF NSIP PROJECTS)
- Author(s):Daniel Traian Popa
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense, Military policy
- Page Range:118-128
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:NATO; NSIP; capability; common funding; life-cycle; governance;
- Summary/Abstract:The NATO Security Investment Programme represents one of three North Atlantic Treaty Organization resource pillars, beside manpower and budgets. NSIP covers major construction and command and control system investments, which are beyond the national defence requirements of individual member countries. In implementation of NSIP, both NATO in general and Romania in particular are facing increased challenges generated by the security environment which require short timeline in implementation, effectiveness in capability delivery and a new governance and management model synchronized with adaptation of legislation and internal organization
FEW CONSIDERATIONS RELATED TO CURRENT GEOPOLITICAL ROLE OF TURKEY
FEW CONSIDERATIONS RELATED TO CURRENT GEOPOLITICAL ROLE OF TURKEY
(FEW CONSIDERATIONS RELATED TO CURRENT GEOPOLITICAL ROLE OF TURKEY)
- Author(s):Cristina Tărteață
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geopolitics
- Page Range:130-140
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Turkey; geopolitics; Erdogan; external relations; Fethullah; Hizmet; USA; Russia.
- Summary/Abstract:The author approaches a sensitive subject related to Turkey, its position in the world, and mainly in the Moslem world, the current politics of president Erdogan, presenting objectively and impartially, facts, actions and pro and con opinions with short references to causes. Turkey has been and still is on junction of some important external interests being the country and battle field of several great civilizations, cultures, surrounded almost completely by states with problems of security, stability, interests common or opposite to its own or others etc., to which are added the internal problems of Turkey related to permanent search of political, religious, economic and military balance, in the context of some reforms of president Erdogan and AKP party, both eulogized and criticized. The author considers that the last years represented for Turkey-neighbouring states a period with several political, economic, military, social events, both provoked and „spontaneous”, creating rather chaos and disorder than order and democracy, with special implications both for such countries, and for other countries, as for instance: foreign interventions and the so-called „Arab spring”, extension of Syria conflict, crisis of refugees in Turkey and EU, state, economic, and social crisis in Iraq, Libya, Syria, Egypt, competition for hegemony in the Moslem world between Saudi Arabia supported by USA, on the one hand and, on the other hand, Turkey and Iran, the occurrence and assertion of the so called Islamic State, former ISIS, consequences of Iraq war, failed coup d’état in Turkey, dated 15th July 2016, and the internal and international consequences of such situations. The author makes interesting references to the relation of Turkey with the United States of America, Russia, European Union, as well as with Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Syria and Egypt presenting interesting ideas in terms of contemporaneousness, credibility, and potential evolutions.
NEW APPROACHES TO INCREASE RESILIENCE – CRITICAL SPACE INFRASTRUCTURES AND SPACE SECURITY
NEW APPROACHES TO INCREASE RESILIENCE –
CRITICAL SPACE INFRASTRUCTURES AND SPACE SECURITY
(NEW APPROACHES TO INCREASE RESILIENCE –
CRITICAL SPACE INFRASTRUCTURES AND SPACE SECURITY)
- Author(s):Aurelian Marius Panaite
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:141-149
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:space debris; space weather; resilience; critical infrastructure protection;ASAT; GEO; LEO; MEO and HEO.
- Summary/Abstract:With the number of countries and players interested in space capabilities growing, outer space risks being exposed to additional strategic competition and even conflict – with threats ranging from anti-satellite weapons (ASAT) to “hybrid” operations and cyber-attacks.
THE REALISM OF THE STRATEGIES BY THE CURRENT LEADERS - A POSSIBLE TREND IN TRAINING FOR FUTURE LEADERS
THE REALISM OF THE STRATEGIES BY THE CURRENT LEADERS -
A POSSIBLE TREND IN TRAINING FOR FUTURE LEADERS
(THE REALISM OF THE STRATEGIES BY THE CURRENT LEADERS -
A POSSIBLE TREND IN TRAINING FOR FUTURE LEADE)
- Author(s):Popescu Răducu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education
- Page Range:150-155
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:: realism; national interest; leaders; strategic thinking.
- Summary/Abstract:A realistic approach to identifying national interest, as well as its development and realization, is the only way of thinking about national and international relations. Low attention in the way of educating and training new generations of leaders to a special concern for cultivating the capacity to realistically evaluate events, closes the paths to a range of perspectives and alternative theories that can help us understand the different aspects of the modern world. Increasingly, over the last few years, a strategic leadership gap has emerged. The different approach and the total lack of consistency with the national interest are found in several disciplines, but the way to remedy this shortcoming has circumvented both the trainers and the educators. In an attempt to change this old thinking, General Martin Dempsey, USA, in the past two years as President of the Joint Chiefs, issued White Papers on Mission Command, Arms and Common Education, and a Memorandum of Wishes leadership attributes. Sometimes, instead of designing a strategic leadership program to meet the requirements of the 21st century, the military community continues to embrace the outdated practices of the past. If future leaders will have more realistic thinking, maybe the outlook on tense relationships will no longer be black or white, with good people and bad people, good and bad countries, no matter what they are. We believe that the greater number of political and military leaders who realistically relate and assess the complicated context of international or national communication can lead to a much more appreciated internal climate for the people and provide expected prospects for peace.
SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF THE RUSSIA FEDERATION STRATEGIC ENERGY PROJECTS ON THE ENERGY SECURITY OF ROMANIA
SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF THE RUSSIA FEDERATION STRATEGIC ENERGY PROJECTS ON THE ENERGY SECURITY
OF ROMANIA
(SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF THE RUSSIA FEDERATION STRATEGIC ENERGY PROJECTS ON THE ENERGY SECURITY
OF ROMANIA)
- Author(s):Alin Chirilă
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:156-164
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:resources; strategy; dependency; influence; security.
- Summary/Abstract:Beyond the economic dimension, Russia's energy projects are meant to support the Kremlin's political and military-strategic actions. By exploiting the growing need for natural resources, in particular, "clean" fossil fuels (natural gas) of the European Union (EU) states, Moscow succeeds in bringing into dependency some EU states, especially Germany, action with repercussions the EU bloc and towards transatlantic relations. As for Romania, although the need for oil imports is decreasing, the share of Russian natural gas imports being on a downward trend, the strategic projects of the Russian Federation may lead to the blockage of natural gas exploits from the Black Sea continental shelf, amid the drop in interest of international companies to exploit the existing natural gas and oil fields, in the conditions of their failure to assure their exports. Through the Nord Stream 2 and Turkstream pipelines, Russian gas will "flood" European market, being the main competitor for the Romanian gas extracted from the Black Sea continental shelf. If Moscow will deliver gas at a lower price than gas extracted from the Black Sea, there is a possibility that the extraction companies and consumers (states) refuse the offer. At the same time, positive developments in bilateral relations between the Russian Federation and countries such as Bulgaria, Serbia, Hungary, and Greece will favour the implementation of Russian strategic projects, to the detriment of the Romanian ones.
FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES IN THE FIELD OF SECURITY, IN PARALLEL WITH THE NEED OF CONCRETE PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN THE ENTITIES RESPONSIBLE WITH PROVIDING CITIZEN’S DEFENCE
FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES IN THE FIELD OF SECURITY, IN PARALLEL WITH THE NEED OF CONCRETE PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN THE ENTITIES RESPONSIBLE WITH PROVIDING CITIZEN’S DEFENCE
(FUNDING OPPORTUNITIES IN THE FIELD OF SECURITY, IN PARALLEL WITH THE NEED OF CONCRETE PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN THE ENTITIES RESPONSIBLE WITH PROVIDING CITIZEN’S DEFENCE)
- Author(s):Mirabela Miron
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense, Politics and society
- Page Range:165-169
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:European Defence Fund;security; defence.
- Summary/Abstract:The Defence Fund was launched on 7 June 2017, when the European Commission officially went public with this issue. This Fund is composed of different public funding tools that have to finance Research and Development (R&D) projects for military purposes. The main receivers are the companies and some applied research groups. The main area of interests are the autonomous systems (including drones), intelligence-surveillance, cybersecurity, and maritime security.
THE EU’S COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICIES
THE EU’S COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICIES
(THE EU’S COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICIES)
- Author(s):Aurel-Constantin Neagu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):EU-Legislation
- Page Range:170-175
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:European Council; Common Foreign and Security Policy; Common Security and Defense Policy; European External Action Service; General Secretariat of the Council and the Commission.
- Summary/Abstract:It is important to communicate to the public at large that security and defense ‘matters’ now, and that it will matter to their future prosperity, even if our citizens do not necessarily see an immediate external security threat. Heads of State and Government are uniquely placed to pass this message to a wider public, and we should not miss that occasion. Preparations for the European Council discussion have already provided an opportunity to raise the visibility of CSDP in general. The EEAS, in collaboration with the General Secretariat of the Council and the Commission, is working on a specific communication campaign. This needs to be linked to the communication efforts of the Member States. However, further analysis of our target audiences, messages, and tools is necessary to improve CSDP’s visibility in a sustainable way. A targeted Eurobarometer survey on Security and Defence could contribute to this analysis.
THE CONCEPT OF CYBERSECURITY CULTURE
THE CONCEPT OF CYBERSECURITY CULTURE
(THE CONCEPT OF CYBERSECURITY CULTURE)
- Author(s):Simona Enescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:176-191
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:cyberthreats; vulnerabilities; cybersecurity; awareness; security culture; cooperation
- Summary/Abstract:Taking into account the recent developments in the study of security culture and given the focus on its cyber dimension, this paper aims to explain the importance of the combined concept of a cybersecurity culture. The internet is today more than what they hoped it would become back then, in 1962 - „a galactic network”. As studies show, there are more than 4.3 billion users around the world. It’s more than a way of live for most of the people, being used to communicate and get informed, to learn and teach others, to socialize, to play or work, to buy and sell things, to do business etc. Its future is already about the internet of things. But the internet came with a lot of risks and threats that the users, at any level, have to deal with. These threats originate in different types of hacking – from small cybercrimes, to cyber war, cyber terrorism or cyber espionage. Most of them target information – personal or secret data, both valuable to the potential victims. The cybersecurity culture concept is not only about the community or society level of knowledge related to security threats and risks, and the prevention ways valid in every case, but also how the individual can or must act in such a situation. In fewer words, the cybersecurity concept is about making the internet user both security receiver and provider.
COOPERATION BETWEEN THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION AND THE EUROPEAN UNION – A NECESSITY IN THE CURRENT SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
COOPERATION BETWEEN THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
– A NECESSITY IN THE CURRENT SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
(COOPERATION BETWEEN THE NORTH ATLANTIC TREATY ORGANIZATION AND THE EUROPEAN UNION
– A NECESSITY IN THE CURRENT SECURITY ENVIRONMENT)
- Author(s):Alina Alexandru
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense, Geopolitics
- Page Range:192-209
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:NATO; EU; common security challenges; complementarity; synergy; interoperability.
- Summary/Abstract:NATO and EU reacted to the changes in the international security environment based on their own aim, capabilities, and level of ambition. Aside from intrinsic differences, both NATO and EU identified common security challenges, threats and risks, and have similar views of engagement. Against this background, NATO – EU cooperation has entered a new phase, based on the Joint Declarations signed by the two parties in 2016 and 2018 setting-up as domains of cooperation: countering hybrid threats; operational coordination; cyber security and defence; defence capabilities’ development; defence industry and research; exercises; support for Eastern and Southern partners. Progress has been made and is still ongoing on all seven directions. The following common priorities set for NATO – EU cooperation are military mobility; fighting terrorism; strengthening resilience; woman, peace and security. The proficient cooperation between NATO and EU is needed today to cover the large spectrum of common security threats, while the success of NATO – EU cooperation is conditioned by avoiding duplication of effort, ensuring complementarity and interoperability in terms of troops, capabilities and defence industry and research, and by enhancing Intelligence sharing.
IDENTITY OF THE ROMANIAN NATION IN A POTENTIAL POST NATIONAL EUROPE
IDENTITY OF THE ROMANIAN NATION IN A POTENTIAL POST NATIONAL EUROPE
(IDENTITY OF THE ROMANIAN NATION IN A POTENTIAL POST NATIONAL EUROPE)
- Author(s):Sergiu Mihalcea
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Culture and social structure
- Page Range:210-214
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:nation; Romania; identity.
- Summary/Abstract:The identity of a Nation is a value which belongs to the nation itself. It is not a product to import or to be exported; to be imposed to others or to be created by design for your own sake or in the name of others, as the history reveals in certain cases. What means to love your own country in this European Context and not to be judged as nationalistic? In 1989, I was 10 years old, enough to find that even the sliest critique of the regime was punished, now after 30 years I find that even the sliest critique of European Union is punished by ,,the public opinion” and characterized as euro sceptic.
NUCLEAR SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE NUCLEAR CENTERS OF EXCELLENCE
NUCLEAR SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE NUCLEAR CENTERS
OF EXCELLENCE
(NUCLEAR SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY AND THE IMPORTANCE OF THE NUCLEAR CENTERS
OF EXCELLENCE)
- Author(s):Ene Daniel DUMITRU, Vladimir Ioan Bădulescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:215-225
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Center of Excellence; Nuclear Energy; Non-Proliferation; Nuclear Safety; Radioactive Waste Management; International Threats; North Korea; Russian Federation; European Union; United States of America.
- Summary/Abstract:A very important and complex element of the scientific evolution from the past century was the development of the nuclear technology. In this field, Romania starts from the year of 1955 to be interested in the subject of atomic energy and creates the Nuclear Energy Committee which in only two years enabled the nuclear reactor for research VVR-S in Măgurele town.The very tumultuous events from the 2nd part of the 20th century made that the two opposite and combatant military blocs of the Cold War, the USA and the USSR, to develop this new technology in a very alert rhythm, but with destructive purpose, by producing at a large scale the nuclear arsenal and also, this phenomenon fastened the well known Cold War Arms Race. However, the very high number of nuclear weapons possessed by the both actors in their process to destabilize the power balance in the world in their own benefit made that these weapons to never be used in fact, because the risk that a total war degenerate in a very destructive confrontation for the whole planet was imminent. Starting from the premises that the nuclear security consists in two aspects: one being military and the other one being civilian, the article aims to present a thesis of the fact that the usage, in peaceful means, of the nuclear energy can contribute to the long lasting development of the Romanian society and to the exercise of the subjective right to a healthy environment with the help of the regulations and efficient control of the nuclear activities, by respecting the nonproliferation treaty. For these reasons, Romania intends to create a Regional Centre of Excellence in the nuclear field, as a integrated centre of preparation, on one hand for Romanian specialists and on the other hand for the foreign ones. This centre is supposed to be a institution with expertise in the environment security, taking into account the civilian component of the nuclear security, and as well in the military diplomacy of defense against the nuclear weapons, taking into account the military component of the nuclear security. Formulating the hypotheses that “The development of the greatest center for studies and preparation in the nuclear energy field, with civilian as well as military destination from the Eastern Europe on the Romania’s territory would be a real diplomatic challenge, would improve the nuclear security, the physical protection and the radioprotection of the populace and would contribute on a long term to the decarbonisation of the energy system in safe, efficient and secure conditions” has as main arguments the fact that Romania is a trusted member of NATO proved by the well defined strategic partnership with USA and the establishment of the Ballistic Missile Defense System from Deveselu, this being the result of Romania’s participation to the development and extension on the east flank of NATO of the US Ballistic Missile Defense System. We also took into account that Romania consistently acts to increase the experience exchanges and international cooperation with the support of the International Agency for Atomic Energy, promoting the international partnership, as an efficient mean to attract nuclear capital and respect the NPT by it’s all signatory entities. The following websites of companies active in the nuclear field have been used: NuclеarЕlеctrica ЅA - httр://www.nuclеarеlеctrica.rо/, CNЕ Cеrnavоdă - httр://www.cnе.rо/, Nuclear and radioactive waste agency - httр://www.agеntianuclеara.rо, ICNРitеşti - httр://www.nuclеar.rо, CNCAN - httр://www.cncan.rо, Agency AIЕA - httрѕ://www.iaеa.оrg/ as well as articles published in specialized journals. In order to disseminate results with a high fidelity, several people with high decisional influence in this field were interviewed. This has been done in order to establish the national and international importance of a Center for Excellence in the field of nuclear safety in Arges county, with international support which would attract technical manifestations (workshops, trainings, seminars)
BEFORE AND AFTER BREXIT
BEFORE AND AFTER BREXIT
(BEFORE AND AFTER BREXIT)
- Author(s):Mircea Mureșan
- Language:English
- Subject(s):EU-Legislation, Geopolitics
- Page Range:227-232
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Brexit; UK; European Union; economy; customs union; free market;
- Summary/Abstract:Brexit is undoubtedly one of the most important post-Cold War political developments on the European continent because it influences almost every aspect of how Britain interacts with Europe and with the European Union. To a large extent, Brexit and its possible consequences had a visible effect immediately after the June 2016 referendum: it sensitively changed the balance of power in Europe and in the EU and it triggered a complex policy in the UK; there are also forecastable changes in the UK's foreign policy, but also in the European Union's internal relations. The future relationship between the UK and the EU will probably be based on a balance between rights and obligations, taking into account the principles accepted by each party. This balance must ensure the autonomy of decision-making within the European Union and be in accordance with the principles of the Union, in particular with regard to the integrity of the single market and of the customs union and to the indivisibility of the four freedoms. It must also ensure the sovereignty of the United Kingdom and the protection of its internal market.
ISSUES IN WATER SECURITY AS THREAT TO REGIONAL STABILITY
ISSUES IN WATER SECURITY AS THREAT TO REGIONAL STABILITY
(ISSUES IN WATER SECURITY AS THREAT TO REGIONAL STABILITY)
- Author(s):Iffat NAHEED
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:233-240
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Water Security; Regional Instability; Hydro politics; Water disputes in South Asia; Transboundary Water Issues;
- Summary/Abstract:Water Security is a vast field and comprises many factors. One important factor is “Water Resource Security” which is directly related to the social and regional issues. The issues related to “Water Security” can cause “Regional instability”. “Water Security” is also related to the economic stability of a society. In recent years, the concept of security has gone beyond the notions of sovereignty and military capability embracing the issue of water security. The competition for transboundary water resources at regional and international levels along with environmental problems exacerbates the threat to international security. The distribution of water among the riparian states of a river basin causes conflicts all over the world. The chances for conflict are created by geography and the location of nation states in close proximity. In this paper, the region of South Asia is taken as a case study to discuss the regional instability caused by the issue of water security.
CONCEPTUALIZING HEGEMONIC INSTABILITY AND ITS LINKAGE WITH “SECURITY DILEMMA” AS A CAUSAL FACTOR, THROUGH A CONSTRUCTIVIST FRAMEWORK
CONCEPTUALIZING HEGEMONIC INSTABILITY AND ITS LINKAGE WITH “SECURITY DILEMMA” AS A CAUSAL FACTOR, THROUGH
A CONSTRUCTIVIST FRAMEWORK
(CONCEPTUALIZING HEGEMONIC INSTABILITY AND ITS LINKAGE WITH “SECURITY DILEMMA” AS A CAUSAL FACTOR, THROUGH
A CONSTRUCTIVIST FRAMEWORK)
- Author(s):S. Rafique
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:241-252
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Security Dilemma; Constructivism; Greedy State; Security-seeking behavior; Hegemonic Instability; Ontological Security
- Summary/Abstract:This Paper introduces the concept of Hegemonic Instability as a possible causal factor for “Security Dilemma” under a constructivist framework. For the above purposes, the Paper starting by re-examining the concept of “Security Dilemma” and its core constituent elements through the prism of Constructivism and argues that these notions can be better explained through the constructivist line of argument. Following up on this course of narrative, the Paper then charts a paradigmatic shift from the oft quoted “Hegemonic Stability Theory” and argues that rather than contributing towards stability, the Hegemonic State, owing to its revisionist and expansionist tendencies, nurtures instability in its system/region thus inviting in its wake, a counter-response from the weaker/dominated States, who mostly tend towards an extra-regional power, as a deterrence against the existing Hegemon and for countering its hegemonic ambitions. The paper concludes with the argument that the action-reaction dyad generated by the Hegemonic State’s destabilizing maneuvers and actions within its region therefore lead to the generation of “Security Dilemma”.
ON THE PREDICTIVE NATURE OF CYCLES IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
ON THE PREDICTIVE NATURE OF CYCLES
IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
(ON THE PREDICTIVE NATURE OF CYCLES
IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS)
- Author(s):Răzvan GRIGORAȘ
- Language:English
- Subject(s):International relations/trade, Security and defense, Transformation Period (1990 - 2010)
- Page Range:253-259
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:long cycles; cyclic theories; Modelski; Organski; foresight;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper is analyzing the predictive nature of cycles in International Politics and International Relations. We started from the assumption that, even though the cyclic theories are highly disputed, some patterns for predictive purposes could be recognized. The article makes a brief description of Modelski work and his power transition theory. Furthermore, one is being presented the possible evolutions in the ongoing cycle of power, based on some index projections: the soft power index (Soft Power 30, 2019), the global power index (International Futures, 2019), the military spending index (International Futures, 2019) and the technology power index (International Futures, 2019). The article extrapolates some implications for the bilateral relations between the USA and China.
THE NEW PARADIGM OF EUROPEAN SECURITY
THE NEW PARADIGM OF EUROPEAN SECURITY
(THE NEW PARADIGM OF EUROPEAN SECURITY)
- Author(s):Petru-Cristian Vintilă, Alexandru Cristian
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:260-271
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Europe; Russia; United States of America; security; paradigm; challenges;
- Summary/Abstract:A review about the security of the European Union, with a short introspection in its allies, its enemies, its military and economic power. The latest threats regarding the EU's energetic and military security. Russia and the United States of America – allies and enemies of the EU (who is who). Strengths and weaknesses. Internal and external political overview
CONCEPTUALIZATION AND CONTEXTUALIZATION OF CONTEMPORARY SECURITY
CONCEPTUALIZATION AND CONTEXTUALIZATION
OF CONTEMPORARY SECURITY
(CONCEPTUALIZATION AND CONTEXTUALIZATION
OF CONTEMPORARY SECURITY)
- Author(s):Teodor Frunzeti, Petru-Cristian Vintilă
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:272-278
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Conceptualization; contextualization; contemporary; security; safety; globalization;
- Summary/Abstract:: A brief review of the conceptualization and contextualization of contemporary security. The etymology of the security notion. A historical overview of the security concept. New threats to contemporary security. State security, regional security, international security. Globalization –acting as a foundation in creating security or as an impediment. The strengths and weaknesses of the new security paradigm. The metamorphoses of international contemporary security. Political overview. Realism and sociological institutionalism. The multilateralism of human security. Conclusions about the contemporary security.
MARITIME HYBRID CONFLICTS AND THE RESPONSE POTENTIAL OF NAVAL FORCES
MARITIME HYBRID CONFLICTS
AND THE RESPONSE POTENTIAL OF NAVAL FORCES
(MARITIME HYBRID CONFLICTS
AND THE RESPONSE POTENTIAL OF NAVAL FORCES)
- Author(s):Cristian Alexandru Hudișteanu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense, Geopolitics
- Page Range:279-289
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:hybrid conflict; grey area; confrontation; response;
- Summary/Abstract:The rhetoric in the last decade of specialists in the field warns against hybrid threats, and by extension, against hybrid, grey areas conflicts – more precisely conflicts consisting of unclear actions in terms of their military character. The narrative on this issue states that this would be the new winning formula in the design and conduct of conflicts by various entities interested in doing so. At present, in the sphere of global security, actors are starting to rethink the strategies in place and develop optimal response measures to what many think is the new way in which at least some of the following conflicts at the regional level and beyond will develop. This study aims to bring into discussion the possibility that hybridity will take over the maritime domain, as well as to discuss the potential effects on maritime security and the need for response from the Naval Forces
THE STATE OF LIBYA CONFRONTED WITH HISTORY: A CHALLENGE FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION'S SECURITY?
THE STATE OF LIBYA CONFRONTED WITH HISTORY: A CHALLENGE FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION'S SECURITY?
(THE STATE OF LIBYA CONFRONTED WITH HISTORY: A CHALLENGE FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION'S SECURITY?)
- Author(s):Ecaterina Mațoi
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:290-306
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:migration; ancient Libya; control of resources; colonization; Gaddafi;
- Summary/Abstract:The toppling of the Libyan President Muammar al-Gaddafi in 2011 led to the disappearance of a completely original regime and order, the Jamahiriya, which was built in the 42-year leadership of the "Leader of the Revolution." The specific structures of power, had been violently destroyed during the events from 2011. They were replaced by the new political, military, social, economic - both exogenous and indigenous – actors, who are since, in a fierce competition and rivalry to control power and resources in this African country situated in a dangerous proximity of the European Union. One of the consequences of what is seems as a never-ending conflict in Libya after the fall of Gaddafi, is that it transformed into a constant transited state by (illegal) migrants towards Europe, one the one hand, and at a serious source of instability with all the ingredients specific to contemporary conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa region, on the other. Thus, the aim of this paper is to understand why a political unity or reaching a consensus, prove to be almost impossible tasks to accomplish by international and national actors in post-Gaddafi period, mostly by having a look into the modern history of this African state. A subsequent objective is to identify measures taken to counter the illegal migration flows towards Europe by local, regional and international entities, giving the fact that there was/is a critical lack of a legitimacy of any of the (self proclaimed) government/s within the Libyan territory.
THE NEW REALITY OF HYBRID WARFARE. THE ROLE OF LEGISLATION IN COMBATING HYBRID THREATS
THE NEW REALITY OF HYBRID WARFARE. THE ROLE OF LEGISLATION IN COMBATING HYBRID THREATS
(THE NEW REALITY OF HYBRID WARFARE. THE ROLE OF LEGISLATION IN COMBATING HYBRID THREATS)
- Author(s):Maria Raluca Popescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense, Military policy
- Page Range:309-316
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:hybrid war; legal warfare; cyber-attacks; ideological manipulation; propaganda;
- Summary/Abstract:In order to understand the importance of revising the national legislation in response to this new type of threat - called in a generic way hybrid warfare, we need to understand what this new form of aggression means and its various forms of manifestation. According to analysts this type of war combines conventional methods with guerrilla type aggressions, cyber-attacks, informational warfare techniques and propaganda, which violate international law and aim to achieve specific political goals.
RECURRENT THEMES OF THE TRANSATLANTIC RELATIONS – ALTERNATIVE INDICATORS FOR NATIONAL CONTRIBUTION TO NATO
RECURRENT THEMES OF THE TRANSATLANTIC RELATIONS – ALTERNATIVE INDICATORS FOR NATIONAL CONTRIBUTION
TO NATO
(RECURRENT THEMES OF THE TRANSATLANTIC RELATIONS – ALTERNATIVE INDICATORS FOR NATIONAL CONTRIBUTION
TO NATO)
- Author(s):Alexandru GEORGESCU
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geopolitics
- Page Range:316-326
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Nato;issues; transatlantic.
- Summary/Abstract:Recent disputes have divided NATO and have served as a pretext for political confrontation between different Member States, spilling over into non-NATO issues. These disputes were centred on the idea, part technocratic and part moral, of National contribution to collective defence. The two percentage points of GDP that should be allocated have become a leitmotif of equitable burden sharing in the Alliance. This article argues that there are a number of different indicators being proposed that would better serve the interest of informing the public on the sharing of security burdens and details some of them.
ENERGY SECURITY - NATIONAL URANIUM COMPANY
ENERGY SECURITY - NATIONAL URANIUM COMPANY
(ENERGY SECURITY - NATIONAL URANIUM COMPANY)
- Author(s):Iulian Ovidiu Sandu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:327-330
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:security; uranium company;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper proposes a critical and analytical analysis of the implications of the energy component in Romania, in the current geopolitical climate. The methodological approach refers to the size of the energy impact on the functioning and involvement of the National Uranium Company in energy security.
STRATEGIC COOPERATION IN THE BLACK SEA REGION UNDER THE INFLUENCES OF HYBRID THREATHNESS
STRATEGIC COOPERATION IN THE BLACK SEA REGION UNDER THE INFLUENCES OF HYBRID THREATHNESS
(STRATEGIC COOPERATION IN THE BLACK SEA REGION UNDER THE INFLUENCES OF HYBRID THREATHNESS)
- Author(s):Monica-Ioana Bâtu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:330-347
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:regional;international;security.
- Summary/Abstract:In the meantime, the new security threats are refering to the regional security and the ones against the common interests, all together of every states viewed like separate entities, into its esamble. Those toward to the need of a regional and a global action plan for the promotion of security interests, though clearly understanding the major implications of regional and global security against national security based on the new types of threats, such as hybrids ones.
ROMANIA’S ROLE IN IMPROVING SECURITY IN THE BLACK SEA REGION
ROMANIA’S ROLE IN IMPROVING SECURITY
IN THE BLACK SEA REGION
(ROMANIA’S ROLE IN IMPROVING SECURITY
IN THE BLACK SEA REGION)
- Author(s):Florin-Marius GÎNDILĂ
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:348-358
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Security in the Black Sea region; NATO eastern flank; Russia;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper’s purpose is to provide an overview of the regional security situation and Romania’s possible approaches in order to improve security in this area. Russia’s military intervention in neighboring states, as well its continuing military buildup, have worried all of the other countries around the Black Sea including states who are members of NATO. Particularly, Romania has good reasons to be concerned about security and stability in the region. As a member of both, NATO and the EU, Romania must be able to fulfill its commitments to defend its territory and interests in this edge zone. The role of Romania in regional security is essential in order to improve security in this area by exercising more significant leadership in regional security. The best way to do this is by combining multilateral diplomacy with NATO and strengthening the bilateral relationship with the US.
