The usage of diminutives in polite phrases as a way to express positive/negative politeness or to formulate face-threatening acts in Polish

Author(s): Paulina Biały / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Expressive polite phrases, namely the ones containing diminutive forms, play a significant role in interpersonal communication. According to Ożóg (1990, p. 72), they are aimed at convincing the addressee of special, and not only formal or perfunctory, attitude of the speaker towards him/her. Moreover, as it is usually the case, they are applied in situations when the speaker wants to maintain the addressee’s positive face, for instance he/she wants to express meanings such as familiarity, intimacy, or liking. Nevertheless, sometimes they may be used as acts threatening the addressee’s positive or negative face. Usually, in the case of diminutives, face-threatening acts are done off record, when the speaker wants to express irony, disrespect and pitifulness. This article aims at answering the question about the role of diminutives in polite phrases. Are they always related only to positive politeness? How is their presence in a sentence perceived by the addressees? Moreover, the comparison between Polish and English will be provided as these two languages differ significantly in terms of expressing emotions in a conversation. In order to get answers for the questions mentioned above, a short questionnaire, containing some typical expressive polite phrases, was distributed among a representative number of native speakers of Polish and English, in order to assess whether the presence of diminutives influences their impressions and reactions to these sentences.

Why Differ? – Divergent Lexical Choices in Two Middle English Prose Psalter Translations and Their raison d’etre

Author(s): Kinga Lis / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The objective of the paper is to establish the motivation behind the lexical divergences between otherwise surprisingly uniform late-fourteenth-century Middle English Wycliffite Psalters and observe how it affects the etymological make-up of the texts. For this purpose the paper analyses the nominal layer of the first fifty Psalms and tries to assign each case of divergence between the texts to one of four groups of probable causes, both intra- and extratextual, prompting the variation, while juxtaposing these nominal lexical items with the corresponding data from two earlier 14th-century Psalters – Richard Rolle’s rendition and the “Middle English Glossed Prose Psalter”.

НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ ВЪРХУ ПРЕВОДА НА ЕТНОГРАФСКИ РЕАЛИИ (РУСКО-БЪЛГАРСКИ И БЪЛГАРСКО-РУСКИ СЪОТВЕТСТВИЯ)

Author(s): Ilka Birova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article examines translation of ethnographic realia from Russian into Bulgarian and from Bulgarian into Russian language. These realia represent national cultural specificity. The observation is on the base of the texts in culturology. The author analyzes different transformations in realia translation as a creative process of searching for adequate and precise equivalents.

Definiţiile şi rolul lor în terminologia medicală

Author(s): Camelia Săpoiu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The present work is a short study of metalexicography aiming to analyze the types of alternative definitions of medical terms registered in DEX and in DEXI. On the other hand, hyponymy studied concerning lexicographical definition is an interesting aspect of linguistics. Hyponymy and also hypernymy are exploited for the wording of the lexicographical definitions and these become the main lexicographical manner for defining the medical terms in dictionaries of general language.

Construcciones causativas «hacer(se) + Inf.», «dejar(se) + Inf.» como recurso del texto de traducción: micro- y macroparámetros

Author(s): Sergiy Fokin / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The present study focuses on some usage peculiarities of Spanish causative constructions «hacers(se) + Inf.», «dejar(se) + Inf.» in fiction texts translated into Spanish VS original ones. Though causative constructions do exist in many languages, they may show a wide number of asymmetric features (such as pronominal forms, present in Romanic languages, absent in English, Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, etc.). As there are frequently no direct equivalents in the original text for the causative constructions, more subjective factors can influence the translator’s decision whether to use them or not. Particularly, it turned out that translators tend to exaggerate a «favorite» construction or to underuse some stylistic devices. A million-tokens corpus demonstrates it to be a strong tendency in translated fiction text, unlike in the original ones.

Czeskie feminatywy zawodowe i ich polskie ekwiwalenty przekładowe

Author(s): Katarzyna Dembska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The following article concerns the issue of translation of Czech occupational feminitives into Polish. In the Czech language, the formation of feminine forms from masculine forms is common and systemic, whereas in the Polish language, certain forms are perceived as controversial by its native speakers. This may pose problems for translators from Czech into Polish. The article presents the results of the experiment aimed at an analysis of the translations of the three selected Czech occupational feminitives: ministryně, prezidentka, and řidička. These are the feminitives whose Polish translation equivalents: ministra (female minister), prezydentka (meaning the female head of state), and kierowczyni (female driver) are encountered mainly in the profeminist media and which were officially registered for the first time in „Słownik nazw żeńskich polszczyzny” (A Dictionary of Female Nouns in Polish) published in Wrocław in 2015. The linguistic corpus INTERCORP was used for the purpose of this experiment and excerption of research material.

DESPRE AUTORI

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Romanian Publication Year: 0

Ke stereotypu zobrazování Turka ve starší české literatuře

Author(s): Michaela Soleiman Hashemi / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The text is a reflection of a well-researched professional publication by Tomáš Rataj České země ve stínu půlměsíce (Czech Lands in the Shadow of the Crescent, 2002). After a multilateral acknowledgement of the book, the author fills in relevant items written by some of the staff of the Faculty of Arts MU, some of which were published only after the publication of Rataj’s work. Additionally, she refines, with reference to the study of Jan Kumpera (1994), the existence of a translation of the Bible into Turkish initiated by Comenius, namely its printing in the 19th century. At the end, the author mentions her personal teaching activities on the topic in the context of the honoured person of Jan Zouhar’s personality as a pedagogical ideal.

Figura drugog kao otvoreni projekat, na primeru albanskih autora iz Albanije i sa Kosova

Author(s): Saša Ćirić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

This article offers a comparative analysis of literary works of authors from Albania and Kosovo translated into Serbian in the period after 2000. It detects the notions of the figure of the other by making recourse to cultural and political references to the conflict situations found in these books. The article is divided into sections according to the literary genres of the analysed books (novels, short fiction, poetry, drama) and the region that the authors refer to (Albania and Kosovo). The crucial distinction between the authors from Albania and Kosovo is the domination of political other for the former in comparison to the ethnic other for the latter. The authors from Albania are preoccupied by the phenomenon of auto-isolationistic Albanian totalitarianism, while the authors from Kosovo are obsessed by the trauma of Serbian-Albanian war 1998-1999 war at Kosovo. Serbian-Albanian relations are presented as relations of collective distance and deep mistrust, with no examples of achieved interethnic friendship or love affairs. Another feature characteristics for the works of the authors analysed in this article is the resistance to the political authoritarianism and patriarchal conservatism in the form of a satire, as well as examples of religious tolerance and rejecting revanchism.

Wierność i zrozumiałość. Od Biblii Tysiąclecia (1965) do Biblii Paulistów (2008)

Author(s): Bożena Matuszczyk-Podgórska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This paper attempts to characterize the language of the latest Catholic translation of the Holy Scriptures, i.e. The Bible edited by the Society of Saint Paul (2008). The translation strategies adopted by the translators are discussed in respect of: 1) the tradition of faithful philological translation and 2) the translation of Polish biblical style. The aim is to show the extent to which the translators managed to fulfill two postulates that are difficult to reconcile: faithfulness of translation and comprehensibility of language. The solutions adopted in the Bible edited by the Society of Saint Paul are confronted with the Millennium Bible (1965). In the Millennium Bible the postulate of faithfulness is often fulfilled at the expense of comprehensibility, while in the Bible edited by the Society of Saint Paul both postulates are usually (but not without exceptions) reconciled.

IMAGES OF SOUND IN ORIGINAL AND TRANSLATED POEMS BY BORIS PASTERNAK

Author(s): Anna Vladimirovna Khiznichenko,Larisa Borisovna Kryukova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is a linguistic analysis of sound images in the context of original and translated poems by Boris Pasternak. The authors focus on the author’s individual features of perceptual imagery representation. This imagery is the basis for poetry transformations found in Pasternak’s Russian translations of poems by John Keats. Sound images in the translated poems have the same semantic and ‘poetic’ characteristics as in the original works by Pasternak.

Překlady sovětské literatury pro děti a mládež v produkci Státního nakladatelství dětské knihy v letech 1949-1959

Author(s): Marie Drábková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Příspěvek se váže k českým překladům sovětské literatury pro děti a mládež z let 1949–1959. Vychází z připravované bakalářské práce, která přináší soupis těchto překladů, roztříděných podle kritérií jako žánr, věk předpokládaného adresáta a téma. Příspěvek představuje výsledky této práce, tedy informace o procentuálním zastoupení jednotlivých žánrů, věkovém zaměření recipientů a tematické převaze vydávaných děl.

Finský kolotoč čedomira cvetkoviće

Author(s): Eliška Jiráňová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Čedomir Cvetković (1925-2014), a prominent Yugoslav diplomat as well as one of the first Serbs to speak Finnish, was instrumental in the significant development of Serbian-Finnish relations. Whether it was creating the Serbian-Finnish association or free Finnish lessons in Serbia (Belgrade, Obrenovac). As an expert on Swedish and Finnish language, he participated in many meetings of Yugoslav and Scandinavian politicians as an interpreter. He was interested in the similarities between Serbian and Finnish literature as well as all about Finnish culture. His educational activities included many lectures, seminars, studies, articles, etc., which acquainted Serbs with this Nordic country. Between 1978 and 1982, he served as a counsellor at the Yugoslav Embassy in Helsinki. Among other things, he worked as a writer as well as translator from Finnish and Swedish into Serbian. Thanks to his work, more than 10 titles by major Nordic authors were translated into Serbian.

NÁŘEČÍ - KÁMEN ÚRAZU PŘI PŘEKLADU LITERÁRNÍHO TEXTU

Author(s): Mariya Rakova / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

This paper aims to examine a literary text from the translatology and stylistics perspective. When translating fiction, literary studies and stylistics inevitably come into contact. Problems, however, arise when it comes to translating dialect elements. This issue has been extensively studied, but, when it comes to practice, every translator has a freedom to choose a method and justify it. To analyze this phenomenon, short stories by J. Radichkov, a Bulgarian author, and their Czech translations have been chosen. The use of literary dialect in Radichkov’s works differs from the typical conveying of the local atmosphere. In his works, literary dialect itself becomes a stylistic feature that is worth exploring, especially in Czech translation.

Западните интерпретации на „Джуандзъ“

Author(s): Desislava Damyanova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Exploring a significant amount of secondary literature on “Zhuangzi” has led us to the conclusion not only that so many individual interpretations exist, but that the presence of an incredible variety of readings is perplexing. They are often contradictory and puzzling due to their remoteness from the original text (the inner chapters of the treatise, which we reconstructed thanks to the invaluable help of an excellent connoisseur of the old Chinese language we cooperated with)2. The reason for the detection of many voices in the composition with the alleged authorship of Zhuang Zhou only in its inner section requires further research. The ambiguous assessments of its contemporary interpreters are probably due to the free creative play of different genres in the writings of the early Daoists.Exploring a significant amount of secondary literature on “Zhuangzi” has led us to the conclusion not only that so many individual interpretations exist, but that the presence of an incredible variety of readings is perplexing. They are often contradictory and puzzling due to their remoteness from the original text (the inner chapters of the treatise, which we reconstructed thanks to the invaluable help of an excellent connoisseur of the old Chinese language we cooperated with)2. The reason for the detection of many voices in the composition with the alleged authorship of Zhuang Zhou only in its inner section requires further research. The ambiguous assessments of its contemporary interpreters are probably due to the free creative play of different genres in the writings of the early Daoists.

О средневековых славянских переводах Лествицы Иоанна Синайского и их именованиях в научной литературе

Author(s): Tatyana Popova / Language(s): English,Russian Publication Year: 0

ЛЕКСИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫХ ЭМОЦИЙ В РУССКОМ ТЕКСТЕ ПО СРАВНЕНИЮ С ПОЛЬСКИМ ПЕРЕВОДОМ

Author(s): Anna Rudyk / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article shows the Polish textual equivalents of the Russian nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs as the lexical markers of negative emotions: sadness, anger, fear and shame. The examples were extracted from Oksana Robski's book День счастья − завтра and it's translation into Polish.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Integrating Textlinguistics Into Translation Courses

Author(s): Esin Akyay Engin,Muhlise Coşkun Ögeyik / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Textlinguistics deals with the process and development of written communication and the positions of reader and writer in mutual interaction. Günay (2007) defines the study area of texlinguistics as it investigates the organization of a text including social, intellectual, imaginary and many other constructions in it. Textlinguistics which is the scientific study of texts, deals with texts, it is connected with human interrelations (Balcı, 2009; Şenöz-Ayata, 2005).

Проблематика на превода на културни реалии (по материали от „Сън в алени покои“ на Цао Сюецин)

Author(s): Nora Chileva-Xiao / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This research discusses some cultural differences and methods of translation represented in the first sixty chapters of the Bulgarian translation of 𝐻𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑔, popular in the Western World mainly with its two English versions as 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒 and 𝐴 𝐷𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, as well as its Russian translation 𝑆𝑜𝑛 𝑣 𝑘𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑛𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑦𝑒. The Bulgarian translation of the first 60 chapters of 𝐻𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑔 („Сън в алени покои“) was published almost half a century after the English and the Russian translations at 2015 and 2016, so it is quite interesting to see if there is any resemblance in translations of cultural gaps. This study gives few examples of how cultural gaps are resolved in words and phrases concerning Chinese tea and rice dishes.

Role a využití didaktického překladu a mediačních činností ve výuce francouzštiny: Přehledová studie

Author(s): Daniela Veškrnová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

This review maps the research on the role of pedagogical translation and mediation activities in the teaching of French in tertiary education. The selected research papers suggest that the use of mother tongue can be an important and equal tool for communication skills development in second/foreign language acquisition and supports interculturality in education, similarly to mediation activities in mother tongue or target language.