INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE STRATEGIES XXI
“ROMANIA CENTENARY”
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE STRATEGIES XXI
“ROMANIA CENTENARY”
Author(s): Doina Muresan, Ioan Crăciun, Ion Roceanu
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, History, Recent History (1900 till today), Security and defense, Military policy, Geopolitics
ISSN: 2285-8318
Published by: Carol I National Defence University Publishing House
Keywords: security; military policy;history; Centenary;
Summary/Abstract: The National Defence College is a unique discussion environment that is widely appreciated at the national and international level. Therefore, we have invited to these debates some notorious academic personalities who – we believe – have managed to transform the scientific communication session Romania Centenary into a milestone of the year 2018.This volume is structured into three chapters that reflect the objectives that had been established by the time we initiated this endeavour. The volume is opened by the chapter 1st of December 1918 – 100 Years Since Building the National State. The section has the ambition to revive the spirit of 1918 and to invigorate the speech related to the role that the civil society and the military had in forging the national unitarian state
Series: STRATEGII - Sesiunea de Comunicări Științifice
- Page Count: 307
- Publication Year: 2018
- Language: English
DIPLOMATIC ASPECTS REGARDING THE RELATIONS BETWEEN ROMANIA AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, IN THE CONTEXT OF PREPARING AND ACCOMPLISHING THE 1918 GREAT UNION
DIPLOMATIC ASPECTS REGARDING THE RELATIONS
BETWEEN ROMANIA AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
IN THE CONTEXT OF PREPARING AND ACCOMPLISHING
THE 1918 GREAT UNION
(DIPLOMATIC ASPECTS REGARDING THE RELATIONS
BETWEEN ROMANIA AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
IN THE CONTEXT OF PREPARING AND ACCOMPLISHING
THE 1918 GREAT UNION)
- Author(s):Madalina-Virginia Antonescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Diplomatic history, Recent History (1900 till today)
- Page Range:13-28
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:1918 Great Union; Romanians; United States; diplomacy;self-determination; principle;
- Summary/Abstract:Starting from several remarks on the principle of nationalities, the aim of this paper is to present a brief analysis of the historical documents that are relevant for the way in which the preparation and accomplishment of the 1918 Great Union was perceived by the American diplomatic representatives and politicians. The United States actively supported the national liberation movement of the oppressed nations from the collapsing empires and, in 1918, represented one of the great powers supporting the political cause of unification of all Romanians in a single, unitary state.
SEVERAL DIPLOMATIC ASPECTS REGARDING THE GERMANY’S ATITUDE TOWARDS THE 1918 GREAT UNION OF ALL ROMANIANS
SEVERAL DIPLOMATIC ASPECTS REGARDING THE GERMANY’S ATITUDE TOWARDS THE 1918 GREAT UNION OF ALL ROMANIANS
(SEVERAL DIPLOMATIC ASPECTS REGARDING THE GERMANY’S ATITUDE TOWARDS THE 1918 GREAT UNION OF ALL ROMANIANS)
- Author(s):Madalina-Virginia Antonescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History, Diplomatic history, Recent History (1900 till today)
- Page Range:29-46
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:German Empire; Habsburgic Empire; self-determination principle; 1918 Great Union of Romanians; diplomacy;
- Summary/Abstract:Our paper intends to underline several diplomatic perspectives, as reflected within the documents of the time, concerning one great European power, such as Germany and its representatives’ perceptions about the preparatory events and the whole process of realizing the 1918 Great Union of the historical Romanian provinces with the Romanian kingdom. We are taking into account a European and international political environment strongly supported by the US, capitalizing on the ascension of movements for national emancipation from imperial dominance, and the rise of the nation-states (thus proving the creation of a Westphalian-type of order, in full ascension at the beginning of 20th century, we could say).
EVOLUTIONS IN THE RELATIONS BETWEEN ROMANIA, RUSSIA AND THE USA, FROM WILSON AND LENIN TO TRUMP AND PUTIN
EVOLUTIONS IN THE RELATIONS BETWEEN ROMANIA, RUSSIA
AND THE USA, FROM WILSON AND LENIN TO TRUMP AND PUTIN
(EVOLUTIONS IN THE RELATIONS BETWEEN ROMANIA, RUSSIA
AND THE USA, FROM WILSON AND LENIN TO TRUMP AND PUTIN)
- Author(s):Ioana Rieber
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Diplomatic history, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today)
- Page Range:47-59
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:strategic partnership; evolution; geostrategic interests;
- Summary/Abstract:At the Seventh (April) All-Russia Conference of the R.S.D.L.P.(B.), Lenin had given the peoples the right to self-determination and as a result Bessarabia could reunite with Romania in 1918. The USSR never acknowledged this unification. In January 1918, the US president launched the 14 points. In article 9 was stipulated the right of peoples to self-determination and, under these circumstances, Bucovina and Transylvania could unite with Romania. The Romanian-Russian relations have not progressed much and have been characterized by lack of confidence. The relations with the USA have progressed positively: Romania is a NATO member state, and the statements made at the signing of the Strategic Partnership for the 21st century between Romania and the United States of America (2011) confirm the fact that the long-term relation between the two states is good and developing.
THE BLACK SEA DANUBE RIVER COURSE IS THE KEY TO THE ROMANIANS' INDEPENDENCE AND UNITY
THE BLACK SEA DANUBE RIVER COURSE IS THE KEY
TO THE ROMANIANS' INDEPENDENCE AND UNITY
(THE BLACK SEA DANUBE RIVER COURSE IS THE KEY
TO THE ROMANIANS' INDEPENDENCE AND UNITY)
- Author(s):Viorel-Catalin Mihalcea
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geopolitics
- Page Range:60-65
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Danube; Straits; Hidropolitica; Corridor; Navigation; The mouths of the Danube;
- Summary/Abstract:The Danube River crosses Romania over an area of 1075 kilometre and represents the second natural element that marks the natural configuration of Romania, which is why our country is defined as a Carpatho-Danubian country. But the Danube River is important for Romania because it flows into the Black Sea on the territory of our country, and the Danube's Mouth is an essential strategic element for Black Sea control, the second important after the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles Straits. Free navigation at the Mouth of the Danube can be ensured by a strong Romanian State "whose European Sentinel Mission has proven throughout history that it can fulfill it. For these geopolitical reasons, Europe needs in this geographical position a strong, whole Romanian State with a shore in the Black Sea wide enough to become apt to guard the Danube Mouths" (Rădulescu N. Al, quoted in I. Bădescu, Sociology and Geopolitics of the Border, Floarea Albastră Publishing House, 1995, p. 103). Nowadays, there are several elements that amplify the importance of the Danube, turning it into a major trade axis of Europe. It is the Rhin-Main-Danube Canal, connecting the North Sea with the Black Sea, the port of Rotterdam with the port of Constanta. Central European countries can have direct access to the Black Sea and from here to the Suez Canal. (Seftiuc, I., "Romania and the problem of straits, Bucharest 1980").
PRIMA ALBA IULIA (13th – 26th of APRIL 1917) MEMORANDUM – MANIFESTO FROM DARNIŢA
PRIMA ALBA IULIA (13th – 26th of APRIL 1917) MEMORANDUM –
MANIFESTO FROM DARNIŢA
(PRIMA ALBA IULIA (13th – 26th of APRIL 1917) MEMORANDUM –
MANIFESTO FROM DARNIŢA)
- Author(s):Cornel Popescu, Cornel Țucă
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Political history, Social history, Recent History (1900 till today)
- Page Range:66-86
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Army; Darniţa; Memorandum-Manifesto; Transilvania; Prima Alba Iulia; volunteers;
- Summary/Abstract:The ”Memorandum-Manifesto”, voted on 13th – 26th of April 1917, by the Romanian volunteers concentrated in Darniţa was the "Prima Alba Iulia", the first international manifestation of the Transylvania and Bucovina inhabitants, which proclaimed the necessity of uniting all the Romanian territories from Austria-Hungary to the Kingdom of Romania. This memorandum represented, in fact, for that historical moment, a political act of unquestionable value by declaring the union of the territories inhabited by the Romanians in the double monarchy to Romania, by the proclaimed principles and the maturity of the political program formulated, through the wide horizon of understanding the national problem to all subjugated peoples.
EVOLUTION OF THE ROMANIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM FROM THE GREAT UNION TO THE PRESENT
EVOLUTION OF THE ROMANIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
FROM THE GREAT UNION TO THE PRESENT
(EVOLUTION OF THE ROMANIAN EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM
FROM THE GREAT UNION TO THE PRESENT)
- Author(s):Popescu Răducu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Education, Cultural history, Recent History (1900 till today)
- Page Range:87-91
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:education; educational system; Great Union;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper presents the role that civil society had with the army in the formation of the Romanian National Unitary State. In the late 1918`s and early 1919`s, the new Romanian state, included many education systems borrowed from European countries. Most intellectuals at that time, together with representatives of political parties, said that all these educational systems need to be unified and centralized, the Minister of Public Instruction Constantin Angelescu affirmed his conviction that educational systems had to be unified to form and strengthen the Romanian national consciousness. The presence of several foreign educational systems, either inherited from Austria-Hungary or from Russia, was a barrier on the way of affirming the national identity of the Romanians in the new provinces annexed to the Romanian State in the eyes of civil society representatives. Education, science and culture have seen an unprecedented development in interwar Romania, after the Great Union.
THE DYNAMICS OF THE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
THE DYNAMICS OF THE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT
(THE DYNAMICS OF THE SECURITY ENVIRONMENT)
- Author(s):Marian-Valentin Bînă
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade
- Page Range:92-98
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:globalization; conflict; actors; development of technological; changes; operational environment;
- Summary/Abstract:The evolution of political-military events in the last decades has been marked by profound changes in the way conflicts are approached by participating actors. The emergence and fulminate development of technological means with significant effects in the conflict equation, the conceptual changes regarding the way of approaching the armed struggle and the difference created from the point of view of the fighting power between the actors involved in the conflict have led to the transposition in fact profound changes in the configuration of the current and future operational environment and of the actions taken.
THE EXTENDED BLACK SEA REGION (EBSR). CURRENT GEOSTRATEGIC STAKES AND EVOLUTION PROSPECTS OF THE REGIONAL SECURITY
THE EXTENDED BLACK SEA REGION (EBSR). CURRENT GEOSTRATEGIC STAKES AND EVOLUTION PROSPECTS OF THE REGIONAL SECURITY
(THE EXTENDED BLACK SEA REGION (EBSR). CURRENT GEOSTRATEGIC STAKES AND EVOLUTION PROSPECTS OF THE REGIONAL SECURITY)
- Author(s):Petru Băiceanu, Cristian-Gabriel Dumitru
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geopolitics
- Page Range:99-105
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Back Sea Region; regional security;
- Summary/Abstract:The current evolutions near Romanian borders, emphasized by the Ukrainian crisis prove the importance and complexity of the international relations within the Extended Black Sea Region (EBSR) - an Area bordered, in a more comprehensive approach by the Western limit of the Eastern Europe and Caucasus, on one hand and Turkey and The Baltic Sea, on the other hand. In such a heterogeneous area as EBSR, where the interests of different actors trigger rapid and considerable changes of the security environment, the strategic acknowledgement and the adaptation must be imperative and needed means to orient the foreign policy lines which govern interstate relationships.
YEAR 1918 AND THE ACTIVATION OF UNIONIST SPIRIT
YEAR 1918 AND THE ACTIVATION OF UNIONIST SPIRIT
(YEAR 1918 AND THE ACTIVATION OF UNIONIST SPIRIT)
- Author(s):Camelia Botezatu, Radu Lungu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Political history, Recent History (1900 till today)
- Page Range:106-116
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:unionist spirit; union;
- Summary/Abstract:The paper emphasizes that Great Romania is formed as a result of several unions.Present in the union acts that led to the Great Union, the unionist spirit meant people's will to become a well-defined and powerful nation, the feeling that the right time had come that the dissolution of the Habsburg Empire is the occasion of the affirmation of national unity. All centripetal movements are considered that led to the unification of the romanians in one state.
MILITARY POWER UNDER GLOBALIZATION INFLUENCE
MILITARY POWER UNDER GLOBALIZATION INFLUENCE
(MILITARY POWER UNDER GLOBALIZATION INFLUENCE)
- Author(s):Doina Muresan
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Military policy, Geopolitics
- Page Range:119-126
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:globalizations; military power; geogovernance; defence;
- Summary/Abstract:The present paper aims at examining the interdependent relations between military power and globalization. It`s an approach much needed by the researchers in the security field as globalization has become a key factor nowadays. The paper identifies certain indicators that facilitate the drawing of the organizational spatial and temporal coordinates of the military globalization, such as: degree of imperial expansion; foreign military presence; military diplomatic representation; army industry; weapon-related expenses; defence expense; belonging to alliances; military cooperation treaties; connections to the defence industry; incidence of military interventions; military assistance patterns. Last but not least, the paper describes the three faces of military globalization, namely: 1) the global expansion of warfare; 2) the global dynamics of weapons and 3) the expansion of geogovernance.
THE IMPACT OF THE DEFENCE INDUSTRY REACTIVATION ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
THE IMPACT OF THE DEFENCE INDUSTRY REACTIVATION
ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
(THE IMPACT OF THE DEFENCE INDUSTRY REACTIVATION
ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT)
- Author(s):Ion Anghel, Cezar Vasilescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economic policy, Security and defense, Military policy
- Page Range:127-133
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:defence industry; military research and technology; armaments; military expenses; cooperation;
- Summary/Abstract:The reactivation of the defence industry is raising extended discussions, because it is supposing a systematic approach of different politic, military, economic and social aspects. The article discusses some of these thoughts, which concludes that its development could be viewed as an investing process, supposing costs on the short term and advantages on a long term. Thus, the defence industry reactivation offers a valuable dividend to economy and represents an important factor of the country competitiveness. Not lately, the defence industry has a major influence on the operational capacity of the national security institutions, determining the need for comprehensive measures directly focused on re-establishing its strategic role in the national economy framework.
NATO-FINANCED INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN ROMANIA
NATO-FINANCED INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN ROMANIA
(NATO-FINANCED INVESTMENT PROJECTS IN ROMANIA)
- Author(s):Marius-Cristian Apostol
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economic policy, Military policy, Geopolitics
- Page Range:134-145
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:NSIP; definition; Legislation; Scrolling mechanism; Projects; Conclusions;
- Summary/Abstract:NATO Security Investment Program has existed at NATO level since 1951. As defined in art. 2 lit. a) of Law no. 294/2007, "NSIP - NATO Security Investment Program" is intended to finance the objectives and facilities needed to support the activities of the NATO Strategic Commands, recognised to overcome the national defence demands of each NATO member country, and according to the provisions of Art. f) "NSIP project in Romania - investment project by which NSIP goods in Romania are made from NSIP financial funds and co-financed by NSIP through procurement procedures authorised by NATO bodies". In Romania, NSIP projects are run through the Ministry of National Defence (MND), after the signing of the documents of their acceptance. Their implementation is carried out through the structures of MND with attributions in the management of investment projects, according to the legal, technical, financial and administrative framework of NATO, in cooperation with the NATO specialised structures.
THE CONTEMPORARY MIGRATION PHENOMENON AND SOCIETAL SECURITY IN ROMANIA
THE CONTEMPORARY MIGRATION PHENOMENON
AND SOCIETAL SECURITY IN ROMANIA
(THE CONTEMPORARY MIGRATION PHENOMENON
AND SOCIETAL SECURITY IN ROMANIA)
- Author(s):Luminița Crăciun
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Migration Studies
- Page Range:146-154
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:migration phenomenon; social security; foreign labor;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper proposes to analyze three dimensions of the migration phenomenon registered in the last 20 years in Romania with effects on the social security. One of them addresses the perspective of Romania as a transition country for emigrants coming from countries in conflict that were targeting Western Europe. The second dimension is that of Romania as the emigration wave of its own population to countries with developed economies in Western Europe. The third dimension captures Romania’s need to "import" foreign labor to replace its own lost by emigration.
PERSPECTIVES CONCERNING ROMANIA’S SECURITY AS A NATO AND EU MEMBER COUNTRY IN TODAY’S CONTEXT
PERSPECTIVES CONCERNING ROMANIA’S SECURITY AS A NATO AND EU MEMBER COUNTRY IN TODAY’S CONTEXT
(PERSPECTIVES CONCERNING ROMANIA’S SECURITY AS A NATO AND EU MEMBER COUNTRY IN TODAY’S CONTEXT)
- Author(s):George GRUIA
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:155-162
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:national security; NATO; EU; military operations; conflicts; peacekeeping;
- Summary/Abstract:This article highlights the double status enjoyed by Romania on the international political-military stage, on the one hand, a member of the North Atlantic Alliance and, on the other and a member of the European Union. The NATO membership ensures the access to the process of major decision-making in the European and Euro-Atlantic security plan, providing a solid foundation for the development of its own policies, both towards the Alliance member countries and third countries. Romania's status as a full-fledged member can be transformed into a strategic advantage by exploiting the internal dynamics and its own security sector reform process for an adaptation to the changes that will take place within NATO. Connecting the military reform process in Romania with the integration process into the Alliance structures and developing the mechanisms of participation in the NATO planning systems and procedures will result in a fundamental transformation of defence and security concepts oriented towards an expeditionary approach and to the integration of their own efforts into the collective Alliance. This will entail a reconsideration of the planning of the forces by moving from a territorial defence approach, exclusively national and self-sufficient, to one aimed at ensuring our contribution to collective security. In this respect, the successful use of the infrastructure provided for the transit of the NATO member states forces on the territory of Romania for the missions in Afghanistan and Iraq was a model for cooperation to improve the Alliance's response capacity. At the same time, after our integration into the European Union, our country has gradually aligned its foreign and security policy with that of the EU to contribute to its transformation into a strong and credible factor on the international relations scene. Romania's status as a NATO and EU member changes the political situations in the region, power relations, becoming an area of political stability between regions affected by conflicts, major risks and threats.
THE BINARY LANGUAGE AND THE DIGITAL WAR OF THE SOCIAL – PREMISES AND PERSPECTIVES
THE BINARY LANGUAGE AND THE DIGITAL WAR OF THE SOCIAL – PREMISES AND PERSPECTIVES
(THE BINARY LANGUAGE AND THE DIGITAL WAR OF THE SOCIAL – PREMISES AND PERSPECTIVES)
- Author(s):Dumitru Iacob, Stefan Stanciugelu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Military policy
- Page Range:163-169
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:binary language.; I/We vs. The Other/s - the digital war of the Social;
- Summary/Abstract:The force of digitization comes, as we know very well, from binary language. Digital technologies and communications only work in binary language. The basic simplicity of the binary language generates the expansion of the digital world. May be this digital expansion is the result of a high compatibility of the ”1” and ”0” logic to the way our Mind was designed thousands of years ago to look for reducing complexity to its simplest variables like” Fight or flight” situations. The digital logic can influence the other languages of human culture and socio-political interaction. Bivalent logic, specific to binary language, may so become tempting in highly complex socio-political and cultural situations, hard to reduce and judge in binary languages.The binary language, used exhaustively and without discernment, generates, in a fatal way, a judgment and a bi-polar world with a huge disjunctive potential. ”I/We” vs. ”The Other/s” becomes an absolute reference in designing and operating public policies. Here, in this conflicting referential, are rooted phenomena seemingly surprising in today's world: EXITs, as a reaction to defending the globalized pressure of the digital world; populisms and nationalisms;” fake news” phenomenon - whose source or consumer social character is always” The Other/s”. It could be a new species of war – let us call it” The digital war of the Social”.
INTELLIGENT MANAGEMENT OF ROMANIA'S GEOSTRATEGIC MEMBERSHIP NETWORKS IN THE POST COLD WAR ERA
INTELLIGENT MANAGEMENT OF ROMANIA'S GEOSTRATEGIC MEMBERSHIP NETWORKS IN THE POST COLD WAR ERA
(INTELLIGENT MANAGEMENT OF ROMANIA'S GEOSTRATEGIC MEMBERSHIP NETWORKS IN THE POST COLD WAR ERA)
- Author(s):Dumitru Iacob
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geopolitics
- Page Range:170-176
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Networks; INTELLIGENTLY managing the networks; NATO; the European Union;
- Summary/Abstract:People, groups and communities exist and are simultaneously influenced by several Networks. Everything can be networks of belonging. For example, people are included in a proximity community network (village, town, city…), in a professional network, in a civic network, a political one. What matters is the coherence and convergence of the networks. In such a case, more of an ideal one, the growth force of the belonging networks is mutually intensified and multiplied. But we stress that this situation is rather the ideal case. The networks of belonging can be isolated or even contradictory. In such a situation, what becomes important is the capacities, decisions and actions which reduce the divergences and maximize the convergences among the networks of belonging. It is a strategy of INTELLIGENTLY managing the networks of belonging. Let us imagine such a strategy applied to the way in which Romania designs and manages its interests in its multiple networks of belonging: NATO, the European Union, the Black Sea Region, the Balkans.
THE DIPLOMACY – LEGITIMATE MEANS OF NORMALISATION OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN STATES IN THE CENTENARY YEAR OF ROMANIA
THE DIPLOMACY – LEGITIMATE MEANS OF NORMALISATION
OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN STATES IN THE CENTENARY YEAR OF ROMANIA
(THE DIPLOMACY – LEGITIMATE MEANS OF NORMALISATION
OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN STATES IN THE CENTENARY YEAR OF ROMANIA)
- Author(s):Vasilica Leontina Tudor, Daniel Custara
- Language:English
- Subject(s):International Law, Diplomatic history
- Page Range:177-181
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:Diplomacy; diplomat; international relations; legislator; state; sovereignty; treaties;
- Summary/Abstract:Through this communication we aim to highlight some of the defining elements of an effective diplomacy, in general, but also with regards to Romanian diplomats, of exception, which were remark themselves through their art almost a century ago, fact for that, we, which are present at this conference, we consider an honour and a duty to venerate them with all our esteem and respect.
INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL COMPETENCIES FOR EXERCISING CONTROL OVER THE ACTIVITIES AND MISSIONS OF THE ARMED FORCES PARTICIPATING IN MULTINATIONAL PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS
INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL COMPETENCIES FOR EXERCISING CONTROL OVER THE ACTIVITIES AND MISSIONS OF THE ARMED FORCES PARTICIPATING IN MULTINATIONAL PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS
(INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL COMPETENCIES FOR EXERCISING CONTROL OVER THE ACTIVITIES AND MISSIONS OF THE ARMED FORCES PARTICIPATING IN MULTINATIONAL PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS)
- Author(s):Constantin Iordache, Paul Eduard Petrescul
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense, Military policy
- Page Range:182-186
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:international institutional control; state institutional control; multinational peacekeeping operation; UN Charter; UN Security Council; International Criminal Court (ICC);
- Summary/Abstract:The United Nations has a mandate from Member States to authorize collective measures to prevent and remove threats to international peace. To understand the general framework of democratic control of the armed forces, it is important to consider the international dimension of the use of force, together with the problems and deficits inherent in the design of control mechanisms. National participation in international peace missions has become an important issue foreign and defence policy, which is of direct interest to parliaments of armed forces contributing states. At international level, the control of the armed forces can be carried out by international organizations to which States are parties and / or international tribunals.
LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES FOR SAFEGUARDING HUMAN SECURITY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES FOR SAFEGUARDING HUMAN SECURITY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
(LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE POLICIES FOR SAFEGUARDING HUMAN SECURITY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION)
- Author(s):Constantin Iordache, Paul Eduard Petrescul
- Language:English
- Subject(s):EU-Legislation
- Page Range:187-191
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:European Union; European policies; non-discrimination principle; equal treatment for citizens; legal order in the European Union;
- Summary/Abstract:Political leaders in the European Union are confronted with a complex issue. Citizens want the authorities to find solutions to the major problems they face, but they do not trust EU institutions and policies. This situation, recognized by national parliaments and governments, is particularly acute at the level of the European Union. There is mistrust that a complex political-administrative system can apply viable, successful policies. Citizens want the European Union to be the first to take advantage of globalization opportunities in terms of economic development and to respond to the challenges of the environment, unemployment, food security, crime and regional conflicts. The Union must act as transparent as national governments. Democratic institutions and citizens' representatives, both at national and European level, have a duty to ensure respect for European Union law. This is the initial condition for the development of effective and relevant policies. The development of a legal and administrative system for the protection of human rights in the European Union's administrative space is a major objective for the EU institutions.
eIDAS - THE ROLE OF ELECTRONIC IDENTIFICATION IN THE SECURITY AND INTEROPERABILITY OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE EU
eIDAS - THE ROLE OF ELECTRONIC IDENTIFICATION IN THE SECURITY AND INTEROPERABILITY OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE EU
(eIDAS - THE ROLE OF ELECTRONIC IDENTIFICATION IN THE SECURITY AND INTEROPERABILITY OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN THE EU)
- Author(s):Mirela Bădeana
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Communication studies, Theory of Communication
- Page Range:195-202
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:interoperability; electronic identification; login; reliable services; trust list; signature / electronic seal;
- Summary/Abstract:eIDAS is a set of standards for electronic identification and trust services for electronic transactions in the EU internal market, providing a common basis for secure electronic interaction between citizens, companies and cross-border public authorities.Promoting knowledge of trust services, increasing their utilization and building online trust are key factors for economic and social development, streamlining online and private sector services, and diversifying economic transactions across the Single Digital Market.
CORRUPTION - VULNERABILITY TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY
CORRUPTION - VULNERABILITY TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY
(CORRUPTION - VULNERABILITY TO THE NATIONAL SECURITY)
- Author(s):Gelu Chiriță
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law
- Page Range:203-208
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:corruption; national security; index of corruption;
- Summary/Abstract:In 2017, Romania ranks 26th out of 28 in the European Union(UE) according to the Transparency International index of corruption (ICP). The best in this respect are countries like - Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway and Switzerland, and the worst - the Balkan and Caucasian states and former soviet countries. Undoubtedly, corruption is a real and current problem for our society. But, to what extent can it be considered a security issue? This question originates in the presence of corruption as a problem addressed within the National Defence Strategy of the Country, where it is presented as vulnerability. The answer to the above question is a complex one, and this paperwork proposes a study on corruption as a social phenomenon and analyses the impact that corruption can have on national security. The dissertation seeks to underline the impact on the very existence of the Romanian modern state and subsequently to address the phenomenon as a vulnerability to national security. Criteria analysis refers to an extended security model developed by Barry Buzan and Ole Weaver in the Copenhagen School, where security is addressed at several levels: military, political, societal, economic, environmental, etc.
IS ELECTORAL INTEGRITY A NECESSITY IN THE CONTEMPORARY DEMOCRATIC WORLD?
IS ELECTORAL INTEGRITY A NECESSITY IN THE CONTEMPORARY DEMOCRATIC WORLD?
(IS ELECTORAL INTEGRITY A NECESSITY IN THE CONTEMPORARY DEMOCRATIC WORLD?)
- Author(s):Ioan Crăciun
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Governance, Public Administration
- Page Range:209-216
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:electoral integrity; democracy; democratic legitimacy;
- Summary/Abstract:The end of the Cold War has prompted an explosive growth in the number of democracies that makes us today live in a world where more than 120 democratic regimes demonstrate the option of most of the world's population for a democratic political leadership. It is recognized that the democratic electoral process is one of the basic characteristics of this type of regime and there are no political alternatives that make citizens more confident that their vote really matters for the political stability and sustainable development of their country. That is why democratic elections are extremely important for all citizens to be confident with their belief in the legitimacy of the electoral process. However, in recent years, there have been numerous suspicions about the fairness of electoral processes in several states of the world, suspicions due to both doubts about the commission of frauds and so-called external electoral influences. In this context, this article aims to analyse the importance of fair electoral processes for the future of contemporary democracies by introducing the concept of electoral integrity and assessing the answer to the question: is electoral integrity a necessity for the future of contemporary democracies
SUSTAINABILITY OF THE ROMANIAN ECONOMY THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM
SUSTAINABILITY OF THE ROMANIAN ECONOMY THROUGH
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM
(SUSTAINABILITY OF THE ROMANIAN ECONOMY THROUGH
THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE SYSTEM)
- Author(s):Dragoș Danțiș
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Governance, Economic policy
- Page Range:217-224
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:sustainability; economic system; economic intelligence; requirements; economic convergence;
- Summary/Abstract:State institutions covering the role of decision-makers have the mission to create, promote and support the development of national economies. A countrywide economy based on sustainable pillars allows meeting the needs of individuals at all levels, to invest in strategic areas and to provide resources for the components of the state security system. In the current global context, the development of national economies is in direct and close connection with international economic treaties and organizations, to which states are signatories and members. State actors have a portfolio of tools to fulfil their nationwide and universal obligations. One of these is a national economic intelligence system that would allow real-time data availability for decision-makers, a development of public-private partnership, and a strengthening of diplomatic relations with partner countries through the increase of economic contacts.
MILITARY COURTS – A PILLAR OF NATIONAL SECURITY IN THE CENTENARY YEAR
MILITARY COURTS – A PILLAR OF NATIONAL SECURITY
IN THE CENTENARY YEAR
(MILITARY COURTS – A PILLAR OF NATIONAL SECURITY
IN THE CENTENARY YEAR)
- Author(s):Alexandru Cristian
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Military policy, Penal Policy
- Page Range:225-229
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:military personnel; military courts; tribunals; security; law;
- Summary/Abstract:Military courts are crucial for a country. In this year, a year so important for the history of Romania, the national security has some new challenges. The new events claim to enhance the rule of law in all aspects. Military courts are an important pillar of national security because the importance of legal aspects. National security should be ruled by law, and military courts can guarantee this rule of law.
INFORMATION SOCIETY INFLUENCE ON THE NATURE AND CHARACTER OF INTELLIGENCE
INFORMATION SOCIETY INFLUENCE ON THE NATURE AND CHARACTER OF INTELLIGENCE
(INFORMATION SOCIETY INFLUENCE ON THE NATURE AND CHARACTER OF INTELLIGENCE)
- Author(s):Dan Pomîrleanu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:230-237
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:information society; character of intelligence; intelligence cycle;
- Summary/Abstract:The technical developments revealed in the last decades have changed the daily life of citizens and the economic activities. The technology changes affected, also, the intelligence targets and the methods of collection, processing and communication of material. The main focus of this paper is to show in what extent the so-called ‘information society’ represent a change to the nature or character of intelligence. Because the nature of intelligence has always been to support decision making, this remains unchanged in any technological development stage of the society. As a result, only the character of intelligence has faced changes generated by the technological advances. It is important to identify how the character of intelligence has been changed because this helps to identify new opportunities in improving the intelligence collection, analysis and timely delivery to the customers of the needed products. Beside this, it is possible to shape organizational structures to meet the new challenges. The analysis is based on the technological discoveries, their influences on the intelligence process as well as on the resulting implications. It is shown that all the intelligence cycle from data collection to distribution and feedback is affected by significant changes generated by the ‘information society’. Moreover, there are some more organizational implications and new threats that setup a new environment for the intelligence community. The analysis is presented according to the intelligence cycle, beginning with data collection, where OSINT and SIGINT encountered the most important changes. Then, the implications for intelligence analysis and distribution are emphasized. These are followed by the presentation of the changes on the intelligence organizations. Having this done, the implications of the changes in the intelligence character in terms of ethics are discussed. Finally, new threats are identified and the resulting battle space for the intelligence community is analysed.
THE ELECTION OF DONALD TRUMP AS PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE IMPACT ON INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
THE ELECTION OF DONALD TRUMP AS PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE IMPACT ON INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
(THE ELECTION OF DONALD TRUMP AS PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE IMPACT ON INTERNATIONAL SECURITY)
- Author(s):Florin Știolică
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Governance, Recent History (1900 till today)
- Page Range:238-247
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Donald Trump; elections; impact; security; international;
- Summary/Abstract:"America First", it all begins today. Donald Trump's election as President of the United States has a significant impact on international security. Will the international security circumscribed to N.A.T.O. be assured in a democratic paradigm or "will everyone have the security they will pay for”? One year after the establishment of Donald Trump in the Oval Office, the North Atlantic security and, by extension, international security have undergone significant positive changes. In this regard, we recall the new pacifist attitude of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea with the consequence of initiating the dialogue with the Republic of Korea and, at the same time, the dialogue with the United States of America; we recall Russia's preventive defensive attitude following the launch of the missile attacks on Syria on 14 April 2018 by the United States and their allies; we recall the joint military exercises of the United States of America and France that started on 3 April 2018, exercises conducted on the US territory, with a significant message to Germany. In conclusion, we appreciate that the election of President Donald Trump has a significant impact on international security and the effects are positive. Donald Trump's bellicose attitude appears as a practical application of the Latin adage "si vis pacem, para bellum."
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, GOOD GOVERNANCE AND NATIONAL SECURITY
SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, GOOD GOVERNANCE AND NATIONAL SECURITY
(SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, GOOD GOVERNANCE AND NATIONAL SECURITY)
- Author(s):Elena-Carmen Țigăran
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Governance, Security and defense
- Page Range:248-253
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:scientific research; development; innovation; good governance; national security;
- Summary/Abstract:Scientific research is one of the engines of economic and social development and it is an important part of the culture of a country. The 19th century represented a period of great technical and scientific progress. The scientific and technical discoveries made in various fields have led to a rapid modernization of society and an increase in living standards.
THE WORLD BETWEEN ARMS AND PERCEPTIONS. CONSIDERATIONS ON THE HYBRID DIMENSION OF MODERN CONFLICTS
THE WORLD BETWEEN ARMS AND PERCEPTIONS. CONSIDERATIONS ON THE HYBRID DIMENSION OF MODERN CONFLICTS
(THE WORLD BETWEEN ARMS AND PERCEPTIONS. CONSIDERATIONS ON THE HYBRID DIMENSION OF MODERN CONFLICTS)
- Author(s):Adrian Tudor, Cătălin-Constantin Mihalache
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:254-265
- No. of Pages:12
- Summary/Abstract:: "In recent years, the security environment has changed dramatically. We have witnessed increased hybrid threats at EU borders. A firm call for the EU to adapt and improve its capabilities as a security provider has been launched. The relationship between internal and external security needs to be further strengthened. With these new proposals, we want to strengthen our ability to counteract the threats of a hybrid nature. In this regard, we will also step up cooperation and coordination with NATO. "Federica Mogherini, High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy
LEGAL SECURITY, IMPACT ON NATIONAL SECURITY
LEGAL SECURITY, IMPACT ON NATIONAL SECURITY
(LEGAL SECURITY, IMPACT ON NATIONAL SECURITY)
- Author(s):Constantin Vasilachi, Dragoș Cătălin Vasilachi
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Public Law, Security and defense
- Page Range:266-271
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:legal security; national security; military justice; criminal offenses; principles;
- Summary/Abstract:In a complex, dynamic and conflicting world undergoing a process of globalization, the deep understanding of the major trends in the evolution of international security and the way in which each country has the chance to become an active part of this process is an essential condition progress and prosperity. Proper knowledge, understanding and assessment of internal processes, social cohesion, public mobilization capacity are an equally important necessity for national projects.
CONCEPTS – COOPERATIVE SECURITY, SECURITY COMMUNITIES
CONCEPTS – COOPERATIVE SECURITY, SECURITY COMMUNITIES
(CONCEPTS – COOPERATIVE SECURITY, SECURITY COMMUNITIES)
- Author(s):Cătălin-Valentin Vlad
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:272-280
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:cooperative security; security communities; collective security; collective defence;
- Summary/Abstract:This article aims to outline and analyse the main concepts of cooperative security and security communities that have been initiated and developed over the years in order to create, develop and maintain a national, regional and international security environment that generates and promotes stability, peace, cooperation and good neighbourly relations under the legitimacy framework provided by laws and international recognized treaties. Identifying and analysing the main theoretical concepts of cooperative security and security communities focused on ensuring collective cooperative security is the key element of understanding the initiating and developing mechanism of the collective and cooperative security initiatives at the regional and international level aimed to promote and harmonize the needs of national security. The article will focus on the security communities’ theory initiated by Wagenen and formulated by Deutsch, in the middle of the last century, revaluated by Adler in the early 1990s and on Cohen’s cooperative security model viewed from the comprehensive perspective of promoting individual and collective security and stability.
CONSIDERATIONS ON PRECAUTIONS TO BE ADOPTED IN THE SITUATION OF THE APPEARANCE OF SOME ACTIONS SUBSUMED TO BIOTERRORIST ATTACKS
CONSIDERATIONS ON PRECAUTIONS TO BE ADOPTED IN THE SITUATION OF THE APPEARANCE OF SOME ACTIONS SUBSUMED TO BIOTERRORIST ATTACKS
(CONSIDERATIONS ON PRECAUTIONS TO BE ADOPTED IN THE SITUATION OF THE APPEARANCE OF SOME ACTIONS SUBSUMED TO BIOTERRORIST ATTACKS)
- Author(s):Iulian Gogu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:281-285
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:bioterrorist attacks; terrorism; terrorist actions;
- Summary/Abstract:A global threat is represented by terrorism, which does not consider the fundamental principles of law, order and human rights. For these reasons, the fight against terrorism is not only the responsibility of the state institutions, which act to prevent and combat terrorist attacks, but it is a responsibility of the entire civil society. What has been demonstrated to the world after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 is that terrorists are much better organized and able to act globally than it was considered. Conceptions about the capabilities and motivations of terrorists about innocent civilians have changed radically.
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE PERCEPTION OF SECURITY SOCIAL INSECURITY IN BRASOV COUNTY
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE PERCEPTION OF SECURITY SOCIAL INSECURITY IN BRASOV COUNTY
(ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE PERCEPTION OF SECURITY SOCIAL INSECURITY IN BRASOV COUNTY)
- Author(s):Mariana Câju
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Security and defense
- Page Range:286-292
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:social security; fundamental services; social policies; coordinated solutions; benchmarks;
- Summary/Abstract:The concept of social security must be linked to the social policies that the states base and implement.Social policies, in a narrow sense, refer to "five fundamental services": social security (in the sense of maintaining a minimum income through unemployment allowances and the pension system), health policy (health care), educational policy (public education), social housing policy and social welfare services (the welfare system).Naturally, the common point of all these policies can only be the existence of public expenditures directed towards increasing the quality of life and the comfort of citizens, and thus impacting collective well-being.The essence of a state of well-being is determined by the government's guarantee of minimum standards on income, food, health, education and housing, guaranteed to every citizen as social rights, considering that the minimum social standards listed can only be jeopardized in the case of loss of income, therefore, to people who are unemployed.
THE PERCEPTION OF SECURITY/INSECURITY AND THE WAY IT IS REFLECTED IN THE COMMUNITY
THE PERCEPTION OF SECURITY/INSECURITY AND THE WAY IT IS REFLECTED IN THE COMMUNITY
(THE PERCEPTION OF SECURITY/INSECURITY AND THE WAY IT IS REFLECTED IN THE COMMUNITY)
- Author(s):Mariana Câju
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Civil Society, Security and defense
- Page Range:293-299
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:associated risks; social security; fundamental services; reference indicators; coordinated solutions;
- Summary/Abstract:The article wishes to publish the results of a survey aimed at identifying the subjective perceptions of the residents of Brasov on the risks/dangers affecting the security of the respondents and to highlight by correlational analysis the economic and social factors influencing these perceptions. The research objectives aim at identifying the most frequently mentioned risks at the level of the Braşov community, describing the profile of persons in the Brasov community vulnerable to risks, and correlative analysis of the interdependence of the perceived risks. Using this data collection tool, the questionnaire, we aimed to analyze the issue of security according to the classical dimensions promoted by the Copenhagen School: economic, political, social, military and ecological.
HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
(HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY)
- Author(s):Gabriel Micu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Security and defense
- Page Range:300-307
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:human rights; international security; UN Charter; UN Security Council;
- Summary/Abstract:Respect for human dignity is conditional on ensuring personal security. Human dignity, in all its aspects, has been evoked since ancient times, both in the philosophical work of great thinkers and in the manner of organizing human communities throughout their historical evolution. All major changes in the paradigm of world order have directly or indirectly benefited the human being, and for its defense, for its personal security, not only legal institutions but also mechanisms capable of defending it have been created. In this context, it can be said that the way in which the security of a nation that has gained its independence, according to the principle of self-determination of peoples, depends on its ability to organize itself according to democratic principles and implicitly in full respect for human right. Doctrine and international practice have revealed a similar dependence, this time in the opposite direction. Disservations from the principle of respect for human rights are likely to create disagreements in the international community, even conflicts, threatening their security. This article aims to highlight the interdependence between the principle of respect for human rights and international security.
