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Theorie und Praxis der Übersetzung: von Cicero bis Coseriu

Author(s): Miorița Ulrich / Language(s): German Issue: 05/2012

This paper sets to present and comment upon some historical aspects of the relationship between translation (the translation activity) and the theory of translation – from Antiquity to the Renaissance and from the Romantic period to the present day. How can the relationship between the translation activity and the theory of translation be characterized in today’s world? To what extent have translation principles and standards, but also general reflections of past periods been transferred to the present day and, if so, to what extent have translation principles been further developed and perfected?

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Aspectos de la formación del intérprete en la óptica del programa de Máster en Interpretación en la carrera de filología española en la Universidad de Sofia “San Clemente de Ojrid”

Author(s): Ludmila Ilieva / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 05/2012

The article studies different aspects of the preparation of the interpreter, the formation of linguistic and extralinguistic knowledge and skills, the necessity of background knowledge, and the acquisition of specific methods and techniques of oral communication and public speech, etc., on the basis of the experience of the Master Programme in Interpretation at the Department of Spanish and Portuguese Studies at Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”.

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La formación de traductores e intérpretes para los servicios públicos en una sociedad multicultural. El caso del Grupo FITISPos de la Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid

Author(s): Carmen Valero-Garcés,Anca Bodzer / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 05/2012

Considering that most of the societies undergo changes nowadays becoming more and more multicultural, there is an urgent need to make some adjustments in several areas. One of the priority areas should be the public service sector, namely hospitals, courts, police stations and education centers – the latter being particularly relevant to this study since we will refer to a higher education center. Our aim is to describe the training of public service translators and interpreters by the FITISPos Research Group at the University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain. Our program combines training, research and practice in a multidisciplinary, multilingual and multicultural context.

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Entre écrit et oral : la traduction des comptes rendus in extenso (CRE) du Parlement européen

Author(s): Ildikó Farkas / Language(s): French Issue: 05/2012

The translation of word-to-word minutes of the plenaries of the European Parliament into Hungarian (HU) raises two fundamental problems: those of normalisation and pragmatic equivalence. In fact, some speakers tend to read their pre-written texts, while others (typically the French) intervene in a pseudo-spontaneous mode. Although this pseudo-spontaneity is reflected by the transcription in the original languages, the SL (English) version follows the strategy of cancelling most of the characteristics of the oral speech and forms a well structured written text. The HU translator has basically the choice between 1. producing a pseudo-transcription, with all that this includes: lapses, terminological and syntactic errors, taking into consideration the pragmatic aspect and maintaining the difference between oral contributions and written statements, the latter forming also part of the minutes. This strategy could be based on the requirement of making no change whatsoever to the original contributions of HU speakers; 2. remaining faithful to the SL (a translation itself!), which corrects even the protocol errors of the MEPs, this option leading to the cancellation of diversity of registers, genres and individual styles, and by this way to sacrificing an important part of pragmatic equivalence.

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Le contrat de traduction : un malentendu

Author(s): Sophie Léchauguette / Language(s): French Issue: 05/2012

The paper explains why beginners need to rethink their definition of the word “translation” if they are to successfully translate pragmatic books for publishers. The differences between literary and pragmatic translations are presented and the crucial role of the book layout is emphasized. The various skills expected from a translator inaddition to translation are then discussed so as to provide a job description. The discussion underlines the fact that the translator must take a critical look at the book to be translated, and edit it so that the translated book meets the expectations of the new readership.

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Approaching Clinical Trial Documentation from the Perspective of Specialized Translations

Author(s): Thomas Tolnai / Language(s): English Issue: 05/2012

Due to the need to expand their businesses on a global level, but also to achieve a high testing relevance, it has become customary for pharmaceutical companies to organize their clinical trials in multiple sites, spread across the whole world. Within this context, intercultural communication has acquired an essential role in the field of clinical testing. Thus, the need for professional translators with a clear insight of the mechanisms and procedures of a clinical trial is ever increasing. It is the goal of this article to offer a perspective on the types and genres of texts included in the documentation of a clinical trial, as well as on the complexity of the tasks the translator should carry out. In order to accomplish this goal, we shall divide our article in three sections. The first section will offer a brief definition of the clinical trial and will attempt to create a classification (from the point of view of the specialized translator), the second section will describe the main text types and genres the translator usually is confronted with as well as the main target recipients of the translations, whereas the third section will discuss several translation problems.

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Réflexions et pratiques dans l’enseignement de la traduction spécialisée. Le domaine médical

Author(s): Nora-Sabina Mărcean / Language(s): French Issue: 05/2012

This article aims to compare the regulations regarding the French and Romanian medical terminology. The analysis of the translations of authentic texts tries to identify and comment on the translation errors and the preferences of the Romanian language. The comments on translations link the pedagogical perspective to the perspective of the medical translation market.

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Le langage juridique/ administratif, accessible à tous?

Author(s): Dorin Comșa / Language(s): French Issue: 05/2012

The present article proposes a didactic approach on the subject of teaching/ training in the field of specialized translation and of professional use of legal language and administration language in Romanian and French. We applied our study to three groups of undergraduate and master students from the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Modern Languages. We tried also to focus on the question of the different levels of access to documentation in the case of those two types of specialized languages.

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Traduction juridique : routine ou défi?

Author(s): Ioana-Cristina Hrițcu / Language(s): French Issue: 05/2012

This article briefly describes some of the challenges awaiting translators who wish to specialize in the translation of legal documents. The need to acquire domain-specific knowledge, to understand the “code” and the internal structure characterizing legal documents and to take up various interdisciplinary challenges is well illustrated by the ruling and final award analyzed in this article. Hardworking, perseverant and devoted translators will discover a surprisingly interesting and dynamic domain, far different from the dull picture described by laymen.

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El proceso de restitución en la traducción especializada

Author(s): Olivia Petrescu / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 05/2012

This paper aims at identifying some patterns of translation which occur in the particular case of specialized texts, in order to detect the regular linguistic and pragmatic mechanisms involved. Consequently, the didactic guidelines fall into two main areas: comprehension and interpretation of the semantic-pragmatic ‘load’ of the source text, on the one hand, and the restoration of the act of communication, according to communicative coordinates of the target text, on the other. Thus, our methodological approach starts from Vinay and Darbelnet’s theories, nowadays questionable, about general procedures to be applied in the practice of translation. Nevertheless, a concrete conceptualization of these procedures can be useful in practice when solving certain translation difficulties, as observed in the selected examples in French and Spanish.

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Traduction économique : sur quelques difficultés rencontrées par les étudiants de la section de Traducteurs-Interprètes

Author(s): Marinella Coman / Language(s): French Issue: 05/2012

The translation of economic texts poses many difficulties for our students majoring in translation/interpretation. In our work we have identified and analyzed some of the problems students face and we have managed to solve these issues using the specific techniques mentioned below; the overall objective of these courses is to help the student self-learn these skills. Because the language of economics is a particular area made up of several subdomains, we have found that using a specialty dictionary is not enough. Therefore, an economic lexicon should be integrated in a typical phraseology for each of the composing subdomains.

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Repères pour une didactique de la traduction spécialisée. Le domaine économique

Author(s): Adina Cornea / Language(s): French Issue: 05/2012

This paper aims at presenting a few didactic methods used during the courses of Specialized Languages in order to meet undergraduates’ needs. The theoretical aspects, the explanations, and the possible translation versions are meant for the trainers in the first place, but also for students and translators.

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TRADUTECH : l’apprentissage de la traduction spécialisée en équipe

Author(s): Valentina-Maria Duță,Georgiana Scumpa Iacob,Natalia Claudia Nistor / Language(s): French Issue: 05/2012

Literary translation was the starting point for reflections which made up the framework of the first translation theories. Nowadays, specialized translation dominates the market and, due to the development of new domains, it represents a constant challenge for both translators and translator trainers. Since its implementation, the technical translation project Tradutech has functioned as an important instrument for translator training, providing students with a real-life working experience and the possibility to acquire and develop the necessary competences corresponding to such a complex project. This paper presents the Tradutech project organized by the EuropeanMaster’s in Translation Studies and Terminology in Cluj-Napoca (METT) and highlights the students’ point of view regarding the knowledge and competences in specialized translation which they gained from this simulation.

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Nouvelles stratégies de formation interdisciplinaire pour les jeunes traducteurs de textes techniques : impact de la vie active de l’entreprise

Author(s): Marilena Milcu / Language(s): French Issue: 05/2012

We all agree that technical language is easy to define and recognize, that technical texts are expressed in a precise way and that, because technical language is clear, it is one of the objects of study easiest to approach and to teach in the academic curriculum. In the terminological “baggage” accessible to our students in modern languages, the part of the technical lexicon is not minor. During the courses of specialized languages they are the subjects of a regular lexical “bombardment”. They draw up lists of lexical difficulties, they make specialized translations and fill the blanks in specific exercises, but that is not enough, because the results are sometimes disappointing. What we propose in this article is to present a method of teaching of the technical translation, based on three distinct moments of training during which we apply interdisciplinary strategies.

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Trad(uction) à vue et trad(uction) spé(cialisée) – une histoire de continuité et de complémentarité

Author(s): Renata Georgescu,Alina Pelea / Language(s): French Issue: 05/2012

The Department of Applied Modern Languages at the Babeş-Bolyai University provides a sight translation course in the second year of the graduate curriculum, that is at the middle of the students’ graduate training. In this paper, we want to highlight the relevance of this course as preparation for the specialized translation course in the third year, the postgraduate interpreting classes and, last but not least, a current practice in all linguistic professions.

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L’intégration de l’approche actionnelle dans l’enseignement/ apprentissage de l’interprétation consécutive

Author(s): Angela Grădinaru / Language(s): French Issue: 05/2012

This study deals with the analysis of the actional approach integration in the teaching and learning of consecutive interpreting. This methodology implements a self-controlled teaching/ learning process that consists in perceiving the student as the subject of his own human development empowered with the right of self understanding and self-actualization and of responding to the challenges of time. The teaching/ learning process is an active one, taking place within the individual, who can influence it. The actional approach deals with the interaction; its purpose is to achieve joint actions in foreign languages, the acquisition of some “multilingual and multicultural” as well as translation skills. The actional favours a task based pedagogy. The principles of this methodology are learner centred education and individual autonomy.

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The Importance of Listening in Consecutive Interpreting

Author(s): Rodica Caragia / Language(s): English Issue: 05/2012

The objective of this article is to present the methods, techniques and exercises used in consecutive interpreting classes and aimed at developing linguistic (audio) competences in would-be interpreters. First of all, interpreting means the understanding of the speaker’s original message. The understanding we refer to here is not of words but of ideas. Listening exercises play an important role in consecutive interpreting classes. The role of listening is highlighted by the fact that at this particular stage the majority of mistakes are made due to misunderstandings. The teacher’s main goal is to train interpreter’s ear in order to make him/her decipher the message irrespective of the pronunciation of the speaker. Another important objective is memory training. The article will also include the criteria for selecting audio materials during consecutive interpreting classes as well as the types of exercises used for developing memory and listening skills.

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The Dynamics of Competencies in Localization: Translation as a “Poetry of Compromise”

Author(s): Raluca-Elena Istrate / Language(s): English Issue: 05/2012

This paper intends to depict videogame localization as a telling example of negotiation between inventive freedom and limiting factors; in short, as an instance of “scientific poetry”. Videogame localization is a highly specialized form of translation practice that proposes an unconventional type of equivalence, while offering unprecedented creative liberty for translators. Since the balance between the technical and personal competencies of the localizer is frail and fluctuant, understanding and recognising the principles of this type of specialised translation is crucial. In this sense, academic research is needed to devise effective up-to-date training programs, for future professionals to bring quality translations at gamers' fingertips worldwide.

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La note du traducteur dans les retraductions du Coran

Author(s): Lynda Touchi-Benmansour / Language(s): French Issue: 05/2012

This article is a reflexion on the translation and the translator. We’ll take up the increasingly recurring idea of the translator-subject leaving his own marks in the text. This idea will be confronted with the phenomenon, not less important, of the new translation: coexistence of several translations, simultaneous or successive, of the same work. We want to show that this is not only one manifestation of the subjectivity of the translator but also a place favourable to the examination of his marks. Another place of the subjectivity of the translator, the note, will be also the subject of this study which focuses particularly on the functions of the foreword and the footnote in the texts being translated. These concepts will be illustrated through successive translations of Koran, from the oldest to the most recent ones. We’ll deduce to what extent the translation of the Koranic text lends oneself to the annotative system, i.e. to the paratext in its most diversified discursive practices.

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La langue n’a pas d’importance (?)

Author(s): Joanna Pychowska / Language(s): French Issue: 05/2012

The dichotomy of globalization and individualization is a paradox of our contemporary world. What is the role of the language in such reality? Which language do we mean, or should we say “languages”? A number of philosophers, literary critics and writers have commented on that issue (the article discusses several such examples), finding that language serves as a tool to find truth, but it can also function as an empty word. What is certain is the fact that all languages (including the language of art) should serve as a means to create an international dialogue, to understand “the Other”.

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