New Technologies and Techniques in Agriculture

Author(s): Miroslav Válka / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

New and more rational farming methods were first initiated under instructions from the lords of manors and then, fromthe 18th century, by societies disseminating the ideas of the Enlightenment, and bythe Austrian state that was interested in its serfs, i.e. tax payers. The procedures recommended for arable and livestock farming based on the practices of manorial estates are explained in the educational literature of the time, which was another source of agricultural instructions and novelties and a platform for their dissemination.

Безработица и заетост в селските райони на Република България

Author(s): Angel Sarov,Ivan Boevsky / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The depopulation of rural areas in Bulgaria is proceeding at a faster rate than in non-rural areas. This process produces significant negative effects, consisting in deepening the demographic crisis, hampering the functioning of labour markets, health, education and social services. Our research objective is to produce a descriptive and dispersion analysis of employment and unemployment in rural areas in Bulgaria and on this basis we compare them with those in urban areas. In conclusion, the hypotheses are verified, for the significant individual deviations of values from the average within the indicator group determine differences between employment and unemployment between rural and non-rural municipalities, and that differences in employment and unemployment rates between rural municipalities predetermine the significant differentiation in the rural areas themselves.

Конкурентоспособност на селските райони и ключовата роля на иновациите

Author(s): Silvia Tomova-Zaharieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

There are many challenges which rural areas face in Europe and Bulgaria as their sustainable development is determined by variety of factors and policies. One of the key factors, currently identified, are innovations – economic, social, institutional. Innovations are also crucial for the competitiveness of rural areas in a World of globalization. The paper presents the two concepts and investigates the interrelationships and strategies which may integrate competitive advantages and innovative solutions for rural development.

Модели и подходи за оценка на биоикономическото развитие

Author(s): Emil Mutafov,Darina Zaimova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Modeling and different approaches for assessment can significantly contribute to the bioeconomy development. For modeling implementation, bioeconomy relies on various subsidiary concepts, such as those on the functional economy and extended producer responsibility, as well as on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Cost (LCI) methods. The main goal of this article is to review the existing approaches and their possibilities to contribute to the bioeconomic analysis.

Иновативното представяне на културното наследство като инструмент за възраждане на селските райони в България

Author(s): Mira Alyakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Understanding structural change is one of the biggest challenges of the social sciences. Transitions are defined like a fundamental change – in culture, structure and practice. The article is separated in two main sections – First -is brief theoretical explanation of the input of transition theory in the rural areas.Second – an empirical example of a project (niche) in a rural area in Bulgaria, in the village of Govedartsi, supported from the regime level (National Culture Fund).

Иновации за екологосъобразни селски райони

Author(s): Zornitsa Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Rural areas are undergoing a period of serious economic, demographic and institutional transformations. In this context, the role of innovation in greening rural areas is growing due to the need to adapt to the changing global environment, environmental chal lenges and reduce uncertainty. The aim of the paper is to survey the opportunity of innovationс to protect the environment in rural areas and on this basis to provide guidelines for dynamizing the processes of implementing innovation in them.

Фактори, оказващи влияние върху екологизацията на българското земеделие

Author(s): Monika Kabadzhova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Important point of construction for the 2021 – 2027 pro gramming period is the implementation of the Environmental policy. The aim of the study is to analyse the factors influencing the CAP greening of Bulgarian agriculture based on this recommendations for the implementation of environmental practices during the current programming period. The analytical part includes:(1) theoretical review of CAP greening and determining factors,(2) analysis of the CAP greening factors greening of Bulgarian agriculture, (3) bring out of conclusions and recommendations for the implementation of environmental practices during the current programming period 2021 – 2027.

Poglavlje 11: Poljoprivreda i ruralni razvoj

Author(s): Milan Marković / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

EU model će biti podsticajan za crnogorsku poljoprivredu, jer postoje mehanizmi za podršku malim gazdinstvima, kakvih je puno u EU27. Crna Gora će, pored povoljnosti koje pruža tržišta od 500 miliona potrošača, imati i izdašnu finansijsku podršku za direktna plaćanja i ruralni razvoj, ukoliko ispuni predviđene obaveze i uspješno obavi pregovore. EU insistira na «strogim» pravilima s ciljem da se obezbijedi uređeno i predvidivo tržišno ponašanje i bezbjedan proizvod za krajnjeg potrošača, ali istovremeno višestruko podržava konkurentnost proizvođača i uvođenje EU standarda. EU ne ograničava razvoj i povećavanje proizvodnje, kako se u javnosti može čuti, ograničenje koje sada važi za proizvodnju mlijeka ukida se u aprilu 2016.godine i jedino još ostaje ograničenje za podizanje novih vinograda (planting rights).

THE UNEMPLOYMENT DEVELOPMENT IN RELATION TO THE PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN SELECTED REGIONS OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC

Author(s): Markéta Beranová,Hana Vostrovská,Miroslava Navrátilová,Helena Čermáková,Hana Urbancová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Since 1989, not only has the economy of the agricultural sector been fundamentally transformed, but also those of other sectors. The consequences of changes in agricultural enterprises have primarily become evident in the employment rate and their performance. This article aims to evaluate the financial performance of agricultural enterprises in selected regions in relation to the general unemployment rate in these regions. The results obtained are based on the collection and processing of secondary data from the database of economic and financial records called Amadeus (na = 117, nb = 81) and from publicly available financial statements of enterprises. The evaluated results have shown that the general unemployment rate does not affect the financial results and personnel costs, and thus neither the performance of agricultural enterprises.

Archeologický antropolog odkrývá historii lidské kultury. Mě zajímá zemědělský pravěk a počátek domestikace zvířat

Author(s): Marie Prachařová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Interview with Marie Prachařová.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HISTORICAL LANDSCAPE STRUCTURE IN SOUTH MORAVIA FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE LANDSCAPE, LANDSCAPE FUNCTION AND THE PROTECTION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND RESOURCES

Author(s): Marek Havliček,Hana Skokanová,Bořivoj Šarapatka,Renata Pavelková,Patrik Netopil / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper focuses on identification of rare landscape structures in model areas of South Moravia with traces of traditional and regionally conditioned ways of farming, assessment of their significance in the protection of agricultural land resources, environmental protection, and provision of eco-system services. The potential of future use of these areas, the possible sustenance of traditional ways of farming, or the possible renewal of extinct landscape structures are other key topics of the paper. The aim of the paper is to find the answers to the following research questions: What are the surviving rare historical landscape structures in the model areas with respect to the categories of land use, how are they being currently managed? How are the surviving historical landscape structures in the model areas protected in the view of the environmental and landscape protection? What are the options of renewal of historical landscape structures?

Venkovský cestovní ruch v kontextu reality venkovského a městského prostoru

Author(s): Jiří Šíp,Astrida Blanařová,René Petráš,Karel Nejdl / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Venkovský (rurální) cestovní ruch, který lze považovat za jednu z doplňkových alternativ udržitelné existence venkovského prostoru, je produktem dlouhodobých kontinuálních restrukturalizačních procesů na venkově evokovaných snižováním nároků na plochy obdělávané zemědělské půdy i nároků na námezdní pracovní sílu v zemědělství. Potřeba pravidelné údržby kulturní krajiny vyvolává poptávku po nových alternativních programech včetně cestovního ruchu. Stále více rostoucí fenomén venkova a restrukturalizace jeho funkcí přináší pozornost odborné veřejnosti, která se začala podrobněji zabývat studiem restrukturalizací vzájemných vazeb a perspektivou trvale udržitelného rozvoje mezi venkovem a městem. Rostoucí počet výzkumných studií a regionálních analýz evokuje otázku, jak vymezit pomyslnou hranici venkova, jak oddělit venkovský prostor od městského urbanizovaného a suburbanizovaného území, jak jsou na sobě závislé, jak se navzájem propojují a jak roste fenomén cestovního ruchu na venkově. Tyto aktuální studie procesů inovací, marketingových technologií včetně digitalizace kontinuálně obohacují související mezinárodní i domácí terminologii cestovního ruchu, kterou je třeba optimalizovat. Velice často se dostáváme do prostředí formulačního chaosu, který evokuje nekonečnou diskuzi o používání českých a cizích terminologických označení v Česku.

Nehmotné kulturní dědictví jako východisko pro tvorbu produktů venkovského cestovního ruchu – případová studie turistický region Střední Morava a Jeseníky

Author(s): Eva Schwartzhofová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Venkov se v současné době potýká se změnami, jako jsou pokles zemědělské výroby, nedostatek služeb, stárnutí populace nebo snižující se počet obyvatel. Rozvoj venkova je často dáván do souvislosti s cestovním ruchem, který je považován za významný nástroj obnovy a rozvoje postižených venkovských oblastí. Česká republika má velký potenciál pro rozvoj venkovského cestovního ruchu, avšak v porovnání se zahraničím není zdaleka na tak vyspělé úrovni. I proto je, jak uvádí Šimková (2013a), na rozvoj venkova v současnosti vynakládáno poměrně velké množství prostředků, které napomáhají zhodnotit jeho potenciál pro rozvoj domácího cestovního ruchu. Kapitola je věnována problematice využití kulturního dědictví ve venkovském cestovním ruchu, a to na příkladu turistického regionu Střední Morava a Jeseníky.

СВЕТОВНАТА ИКОНОМИКА – В ПРЕЛЮДИЯТА КЪМ ФУНДАМЕНТАЛНИ ПРОМЕНИ

Author(s): Dimitar M Ivanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Effects of Financial Accounting Harmonization on Agribusiness

Author(s): Lukáš Moravec,Jana Hinke,Gabriela Kukalová,Zuzana Tichá / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Financial accounting is the most important tool for determining the financial position and performance of agricultural business. However, this is increasingly subject to the harmonization process. The first effort to harmonize financial accounting in Europe took place in the 1950s after the signing of the Treaty of Rome, and has been ongoing since then. Harmonization is currently being promoted through EU directives that are changing national legislation. The aim of this contribution is to quantify the impact of important changes (in financial accounting between 2004 and 2017) on the financial position and performance of agricultural business. The impact of the changes was quantified using the average values of a sample of 100 selected entities across the Czech Republic (i.e., joint stock companies, limited liability companies and cooperatives with primary agricultural activity). Average values are presented in the tables so that the effect of the change on the balance sheet and profit can be demonstrated. The data were obtained from the collection of commercial register documents. Important changes (specific for agriculture) have been found: valuation of assets, reporting of preferential limits, depreciation of permanent crops on foreign land and valuation of inventories of own production, reporting a change in their amount.

Muğla-Menteşe İlçesi’ne Mübadillerin İskânı Meselesi (1923-1930)

Author(s): Seher Akça / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Cumhuriyet döneminde Balkanlardan Anadolu’ya birçok göç yaşanmıştır. Bu göçlerin en yoğun yaşandığı yıllar mübadele dönemi olmuştur. Bu mübadele döneminde Anadolu’dan Yunanistan’a 1.200.000 kişi giderken Balkanlardan Anadolu’ya da 400.000 kişi gelmiştir. Bu gelenlerin 4.968 kişisi Muğla İline ve bunun da 459 kişisi Menteşe İlçesi’ne iskân edilmiştir. Bu mübadillerin iskânı sırasında sorun yaşanmaması için dönemin hükümet önce İmar ve İskân Vekâleti kurmuş ve vekâlet de her il ve ilçede İmar ve İskân Komisyonları oluşturmuştur. Muğla’da da Vali’nin başkanlığında bir komisyon kurulmuştur. Bu komisyonun; yerleşim yerlerini tespit etme, sağlık sorunlarını çözme, taşınma işini düzenleme ve ev, arsa, zeytinlik gibi malların dağıtımını adaletli bir şekilde yapma gibi görevleri vardı. Mübadele olayının bazı avantajları ve dezavantajları olmuştur. Muğla-Menteşe İlçesi’ne Rodos Adası Kavala, Drama, Tikveş gibi yerlerde tarımla uğraşan kişiler gelmiş ve bu da bölge tarımının gelişmesine katkı sağlamıştır. Ancak, gidenler Menteşe İlçesi’nde zanaat ve ticaret ile uğraşan kişiler olduğu için bu da bölgede ticaret ve zanaat faaliyetlerini olumsuz etkilenmesine neden olmuştur.

СЕНЗОРНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА НА ИНОВАТИВНИ ЗДРАВОСЛОВНИ КРЕКЕРИ, ОБОГАТЕНИ С ИНДУСТРИАЛЕН ВТОРИЧЕН ПРОДУКТ ОТ ПРЕРАБОТКАТА НА ДОМАТИ

Author(s): Milena Nikolova,Rosen Chochkov,Silviya Topleva,Valentina Chonova,Tsvetko Prokopov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report investigates the effect and health aspects of addition of an industrial waste from tomato processing on the sensory characteristics and some chemical properties of innovative crackers. It was established that the products with the addition of 5% industrial waste from tomato processing have the best quality characteristics, pleasant and specific and well accepted by consumers. The products are a good source of dietary fiber and proteins, making them suitable for the wellness lifestyle of the modern generation.

ДОВЕРИЕ НА ПОТРЕБИТЕЛИТЕ В БИО ХРАНИТЕ

Author(s): Rozalina Braykova,Darina Naydenova,Aneta Toneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The healthy behavior pattern of modern man undoubtedly includes increased interest, demand and consumption of organic food. Personal and family health are among the main determinants of consumer choice of organic food, as cited in many scientific studies. The aim is to study the factors influencing consumer trust in purchasing organic food. In Bulgaria, Dobrich District from November 2020 until April 2021 an anonymous survey was conducted among 150 consumers about their attitude towards buying organic food. The results were processed using Jamovi, version 2.2.5. The conclusions were established at confidence level α= 0.05. Consumers' knowledge of organic food labeling is associated with their choice based on the special labeling logo (p< 0.001). There is a statistically significant difference between men and women in the recognition of organic food through information on the packaging that the food is certified as organic (p=0.042) and when indicating the label ‘European leaf’ for the designation of organic food produced in the EU (p=0.040). The belief that organic food is of high quality and healthy is positively related to consumers' awareness of the logo they use in the European Union (p=0.047). Organic food consumers are informed and educated, looking for guarantees of origin. Researches supported by data indicating higher trust in organic food can be used to develop governments policies to promote them and increase consumer attitudes towards it.

ОПОЛЗОТВОРЯВАНЕ НА ОТПАДЪЦИ ОТ НАР – НЯКОИ СЪВРЕМЕННИ АСПЕКТИ

Author(s): Vanya Zhivkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The purpose of the paper was to present some current aspects related to the utilization of pomegranate waste. The search for ways and the development of various strategies for the effective management of agricultural waste, including pomegranate waste, is among the promising environmental directions. The research of scientific literature carried out in this paper gives reason to conclude that the utilization of pomegranate waste is an actual and promising modern scientific direction in which intensive research is carried out, such as the development of adsorbents for the removal of pollutants from wastewater, or the use of various methods for the extraction of bioactive compounds from these wastes.

Brač u Prvome svjetskom ratu: prema agrarnom raspletu

Author(s): Josip Vrandečić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The paper aims to present dynamics of political and every-day activities on the island of Brač during the First World War. It presents the war-related problems of the populace - shortage of manpower and dependence on vineyards as the main economy of the island. The author pays special attention to the agriculture of the island and argues that it was focal point for the local population who suffered food shortages. According to Dalmatian journals and the Bol municipal archives, population was loyal to the regime until 1917 and then started to profess their allegiance to future Yugoslav state. The period after the war did not fulfill their hopes, because the structural problems such as poverty, migration and lack of modernization, continued.