POUR UNE NOUVELLE DIDACTIQUE DU LEXIQUE FRANÇAIS

Author(s): Jacqueline Picoche,Bruno Germain / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2019

A Case for a New Teaching Approach to French Vocabulary. What is recommended nowadays is teaching the vocabulary assiduously and comprehensively as much in pre-school, elementary and secondary school, as in middle school. It is important to work on the words in context during a reading task, but even more important to propose de-contextualised, independent and explicit vocabulary activities to organise and expand the mental dictionary and bring students closer to the acquisition and usage of words by re-contextualisation. In this respect, Jacqueline Picoche suggests a way of doing this, while Bruno Germain outlines different ones, piloted between 2008 and 2016 and already explored to some extent in the documents accompanying the 2019 curricula in France, which have equally motivated teachers and helped students from elementary to the 7th grade middle school make significant learning progress. Here the most frequent words, like outstanding lexical and semantic mechanisms, are examined in themselves before being associated to others, creating a didactic flow from the lexical to the syntactic and back, a move that is perfectly suited to be transferred, later on, to the whole vocabulary.

PHYLOGENY COMMANDS PSYCHOGENESIS

Author(s): Jacques Coulardeau / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2019

Phylogeny Commands Psychogenesis. To learn a foreign language necessarily remaps the learning of the first languages in children. I will first study the necessary stages in the learning of the first language. The mind’s development contributes to the mastering of the first language, which, in turn, is also beneficial to the mind. To teach a second language to a monolingual child challenges the mental construction of his first language and forces the child to restructure his mind, constructed, to this point, by and for the first language. Some pedagogical shortcuts can produce mistakes. To learn a second language is to reactivate the phylogeny of language, particularly of the first and second languages concerned, and this reactivated phylogeny must be invested into the psychogenesis of language, particularly of the first and second languages concerned.

NOUVELLES PERSPECTIVES EN DIDACTIQUE AUPRÈS DES JEUNES SOURDS

Author(s): Philippe Séro-Guillaume / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2019

New Teaching Perspectives from Working with Young People with Hearing Disabilities. Language is not a particular case of the semiotic function. That is why it seems possible to me, even if there is no strict historical coincidence, to postulate a convergence not yet noticed between the evolutions of the two manifestations of the semiotic function, the image and the language representations. To do that, I will refer to the structural evolution of languages proposed by Gustave Guillaume, with its three linguistic areas, and to that of the balancing forms of Jean Piaget’s genetic epistemology with its three stages. The research field is a vast one. Here I will limit myself to trying to show that language and its grammar are, for the discourse of a speaker of a tertiary language, what perspective is for the figurative image (painted or drawn) of an artist of the Western world. More precisely, perspective and grammar ensure the same function of knowing how to allow prominence to the vision of the one expressing himself/herself and by doing so they can both introduce space into representation.

ASPECT VERBAL, PSYCHOGÉNÈSE ET ENSEIGNEMENT DU TEMPS EN FRANÇAIS

Author(s): Philippe Geneste / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2019

Verbal Aspect, Psychogenesis and Tense Teaching in French. This article comes from a teacher’s observation: the failure to teach the French conjugation and the verbal forms. On the other hand, teaching leaves out the distinction between the unaccomplished aspect and the accomplished aspect of the verb, which forms the basis of the distinction between simple and compound tenses. However, the psychogenesis of verbal tenses shows us that aspect is the linguistic mirror of the time of the action and the linguistic crucible of the time representation of an epoch. Only the constructivist approach, which joins Jean Piaget’s genetic psychology and Gustave Guillaume’s psychosystems of language, allows a new proposal on the teaching of tense and conjugation in French, one that responds to the child’s development and to the way he/she constructs his/her own mother tongue.

Présentation

Author(s): Sanda-Maria Ardeleanu / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2019

Diversité linguistique et écriture littéraire au Sénégal. Gestion du plurilinguisme chez trois auteurs : Adja Ndèye Boury Ndiaye, Abdourahmane Ngaïdé et Boubacar Boris Diop

Author(s): Moussa Diène / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2019

This contribution is a reflection on the relationship between Literature and Plurilingualism in Senegal. On the one hand, it aims to show that linguistic diversity offers a galactic configuration calling into question the hegemony of the French language. Wolof, which was in second place, shows proportions that allow it to demand unofficial bilingualism. As a result, it stipulates that the “literary dictatorship” imposed by French in Senegal tends to be overthrown by sociolinguistic dynamics. On the other hand, in our literary texts, Collier de cheville (2013) of Adja Ndèye Boury Ndiaye and Mbourourou Mbarara (2013) of Abdourahmane Ngaïdé, the authors highlight the diversity of languages “in the example of the textualization of wolof linguistic norms (descriptive and prescriptive) in the first and the semantic dynamics of French in the second”. The analysis of the self-translation, meanwhile, shows the evolution of the textualization of wolof in the literary production of Boubacar Boris Diop who advocated, in his first writings in French, a “unilingualism”.

Le symbolisme socio-affectif des langues : Le cas de la coexistence de la langue africaine et du français dans l’espace familial de migrants en France

Author(s): André Moussa Diop / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2019

This work deals with the social and affective impact that native languages can have on migrants in France. It also shows a feeling of confusion for the listeners compared to the local language. At last, it shows that language can be an excellent mean of socializing and conserving culture, tradition and costums.

Pratique des langues ivoiriennes en ligne : entre effort et confort

Author(s): Gbaka Donald Olivier Djilé,Stéphanie Emerode Oplouba Blé / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2019

Les Réseaux Sociaux Numériques ont modifié en profondeur les pratiques discursives et interactionnelles de leurs utilisateurs, notamment en ce qui concerne le versant scriptural. Aussi, compte tenu de l’inadéquation entre l’Alphabet Phonétique International et celui des langues ivoiriennes, se pose-t-il un réel problème d’utilisation de ces langues au cours des différentes interactions en ligne. Par ailleurs, il n’existe pas à ce jour de clavier doté de caractères affordant une transcription fidèle des sons desdites langues. Pour ce faire, les internautes se servent, bon gré mal gré, de l’alphabet latin en vue d’accommoder le dit à l’écrit. A travers cet article, nous nous proposons de faire une description analytique du phénomène en vue de tirer la sonnette d’alarme sur la nécessité d’utiliser un alphabet déjà existant pour fixer les langues ivoiriennes et faciliter leur usage en contexte numérique (Silue, 2010).

La gastronomie ivoirienne – somme d’une diversité culturelle

Author(s): Lou Sôho Prisca Goore / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2019

This research paper underlies the meaning of the gastronomy originated from every ethnic group in Cote d’Ivoire, for the reason that every community holds its specific way to cook food. The art of this cooking is regulated by a ritual discourse based on the local linguistic paradigms. Subsequently it sheds light not only on the country cultural rich patrimony, but first and foremost encompasses an efficient instrument of language promotion. Moreover, this study aims at showing that Cote d’Ivoire every linguistic area supplies food distinguishing separately the whole community one another. These constituents around cooking serve as ethnic identity support, capable to purport the emergence of language.

La métaphore de « l’humanité multiprise » ou l’expression de la diversité comme enjeu mercatique dans l’argumentation publicitaire

Author(s): Dorgelès Houessou,Nanourougo Coulibaly,Gérard Ayemien / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2019

Cette communication, à l’articulation de l’argumentation, de la stylistique figurale et de la linguistique de l’énonciation se propose d’aborder le concept de diversité dans le macrocontexte de la pratique argumentative des publicistes. On sait depuis Aristote, Perelman & Olbrecht Tyteca, de même que Ruth Amossy, que toute situation d’énonciation est favorable à l’émergence d’un ethos ou à une image de soi. Or l’ethos se calcule en termes de distance de l’orateur vis-à-vis de son public ou auditoire, d’où la question qui lui est subséquente de la réception du discours et de son efficacité (Perelman, 1970 : 25 ; Amossy, 2000 : 37). Le discours publicitaire est avec le discours politique, de ceux dont toute actualisation est constitutive d’un projet d’influence quant aux habitus du destinataire-consommateur. Il mobilise donc l’argument de la diversité comme un atout mercatique susceptible de lui assurer une bonne réception, la plus large audience possible et par ricochet un succès commercial et économique de grande importance.

L’hybridation dans le français ivoirien , conséquence d’une diversité linguistique

Author(s): Koukoua Etienne N’gatta / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2019

This article analyzes the internal structure of hybrid words and phrases used in Ivorian French as well as their meanings. Also, although the formation of words and sentences follows the standard French pattern, lexicon and speech are polyhybrid. And the architecture of terms shows a lot of linguistic initiatives and variability because the lexical and discursive elements associated with those of french are borrowed from english or local languages. Hybridization thus appears as a mixture of local languages or foreign languages with French. But, instead of these phenomena of contact and linguistic interferences having formed homogeneous structures, it is rather a structural heterogeneity, both diachronic and synchronic, which results and marks from the beginning, the stem matrices of hybrid words and sentences of the IF.

Choix de langue dans les échanges verbaux entre écoliers de Côte d’Ivoire

Author(s): Kouassi Gérard Abaka / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2019

This article addresses the question of the choice of ineraction language in a school environment where puples are bearers of the linguistic and cultural diversity that characterizes ivorian society in which they live on a daily basis. More specifically, it is a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the schoolchildren linguistic behaviours in communication patterns involving at least three peoples in classrooms or playgroungs. The aim is to explain what motivates the bilingual or trilingual learner to use one language at the expense of another in a space that is a priori reserved for the use of french.

Les constructions à double objets en ɟībūō : Etude morphosyntaxique parler bété de Soubré

Author(s): Symphorien Télesphore Gnizako / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2019

In this study, we present the double object in the different phrases of the ɟībū. In fact, three possibilities have been retained in the formation of the double object sentence. This is the sentence containing a transitive verb, the sentence with a coordination conjunction, and the sentence with a subordination conjunction. As regards the structure and morphology of the introductory morphemes of the proposals, the meaning varies according to the employability in the phases. Despite some resemblances of morphemes in this study, there is no confusion in the sense they express. However, their omission or displacement in a sentence necessarily leads to an agrammaticality of it. Therefore we note that all the morphemes here are not consubstantial and commutative in double object sentences.

Contact de langues : les relations entre l’arabe et le dioula (manding)

Author(s): Yaya Konaté,Benjamin Odi Marcellin Don,Konan Thomas Koffi / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2019

This article discusses the relationship between an African language, specifically an Ivorian language and an Asian language. These two languages have come into contact since the Islamization of manding by the Arabs, between the 8th and 10th centuries AD. Indeed, this contact has increased with the apogee of the empire of Mali, which is the source of the Manding people. This contact had several impacts on the manding, both sociologically and linguistically. This article will attempt to show the impacts that this language contact has created.

« S’en foutre de quelqu’un ou de quelque chose » : la problématique d’une surcharge syntaxique

Author(s): Séraphin Konan Kouakou / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2019

In the real case of communication, speakers use concomitantly the pronoun « in » and the preposition « of » which belongs to a pronominalized prepositional syntagm. By doing so, they create a kind of overload in the syntactic organization of the sentence. From a generative grammar perspective, we have shed some light on this linguistic phenomenon, which tends to normalize in a French-speaking country like Cote d’Ivoire. This way of using these two classes of words remains at the superfluous limit, that is to say, it has an impact on the grammatical norm.

Mécanismes linguistiques de la configuration de la réalité sociale dans le discours politique roumain

Author(s): Petru Ioan MARIAN-ARNAT / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2019

Language is a conclusive factor in the shaping of reality and a disputed resource of society. Having a hold of a society’s linguistic resources may guarantee, for instance, the success of a political project. Language’s link to power, thus to those situations in which power is transacted or relations of authority between individuals or groups of individuals are negotiated, leave a mark on the structure of language. We are interested in investigating, from the perspective of the functions of language, what structural characteristics of the ideological discourse participate in the process of closure of meaning.

Des imprévisibilités grammaticales à la valorisation identitaire

Author(s): Oussoumanou Sali / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2019

The world is plurilinguistic and linguistic communities are constantly in contact (Essono, 1999). The development of each language depends on the number of elements it took from another language with which it is in contact. This phenomenon can also be seen in literature. Consequently, the presence of code switching in literary texts is not surprising. However, this phenomenon that is suits to call plurilinguism or heterolinguism according to different author’s orientations was not, many years ago, as visible in novels as it is nowadays. This linguistic fact gets in intensity such a way that we have the impression of facing a new kind of expression in literature: the non-respect of the writing standard rules of the language in some cases. Ungrammaticalities, known as morphosyntactic sprains, tend to become normal uses in numbers of francophone African writers and materialize the appropriation of French in order to enhance the value of the indigenous culture. These grammatical gaps show the will of those writers to affirm their linguistic and cultural identities. The main objective of this communication is to show, through the ethnostylistic method, that Djaïli Amadou Amal makes use of morphosyntactic transposition to enhance the value of fulani culture, knowing that the cross-influence of languages are not only situated on the paradigmatic axle, but also on the syntagmatic axle. This study will be focused on Walaande, L’art de partager un mari and Mistiriijo, La mangeuse d’âme of this cameroonian authoress.

L’imparfait de politesse en roumain : une approche pragmatique

Author(s): Claudia TIMOCI / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2019

This paper examines the use of the imperfect tense (fr. « imparfait ») in utterances that require mitigation (Fraser, 1980) in contemporary spoken Romanian. In the first section of the article, we try to establish systematic contexts of the use of Romanian imperfect tense within discourse. To achieve this, natural conversations have been used. Then, we try to investigate the use of the imperfect tense with respect to Brown and Levinson (1978) theory of politeness. Our study reveals that the imperfect can be used as a strategy to address both positive and negative politeness in contemporary spoken Romanian. At last, we try to analyse the links between time deixis and the expression of verbal politeness through the use of the imerfect in Romanian. The use of the imperfect instead of the present tense in Romanian is a proof of the close connection that exist between the notions of deixis and verbal politeness.

Dire l’autre pour s’enrichir ou l’analyse pragmatique de recits de voyage

Author(s): Amadou Ouattara Adou,Bi Tra Justin Tra / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2019

Dans la dynamique des écrits littéraires, le récit de voyage fait partie des œuvres qui posent la problématique de la description. Dans cette contribution, nous analysons deux récits de voyage : Un nègre à Paris de Bernard B. Dadié et Le petit train de la brousse de Philippe de Baleine. Une étude pragmatique de ces récits de voyage a permis de voir comment, à travers le regard des narrateurs-descripteurs qui posent le macro-acte de description et les divers micro-actes qui s’y greffent, les auteurs proposent des pistes de réflexion qui pourraient participer au développement de leurs communautés. Notre postulat est que ces récits sont adressés à des lectorats pour modifier ou renforcer leurs visions du monde et leurs modes de penser.

Od mikrokazań do memów. O małych formach kaznodziejskich ks. Eugeniusza Burzyka

Author(s): Renata Bizior / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2019

This paper takes up the issues of creating new preaching forms: triptych sermons (micro-sermons) and memes with sermons and how they function in the perspective of linguistic genology. Characteristics of species forms which are transformations of other genre patterns are embedded in the contemporary cultural context. This study presents new forms of the genre against several contextual considerations: cultural and communications transformations determined by the development of digital technologies and the assumptions of the new evangelization program implemented by the Church combined with the attitude of open Catholicism presented by their author, Rev. Eugeniusz Burzyk. The article discusses the usefulness of the model of short triptych sermons and the adaptation of internet memes for the needs of the new evangelization. The analysed preaching texts are presented as forms (specimens) breaking with the canonical genre pattern, crossing the boundaries of the genre, hybridism and taking up polemics with the genre tradition. The study characterizes specific features of both related forms of the genre: sermons (microsermons) and memes with sermons.