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Effectsof Public Subsidies on Productivity of Firms in the Czech Food Industry

Author(s): Ondřej Dvouletý,Ivana Blažková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose:The previous studies report ambiguous effects of public subsidies on firm productivity. The aim of the paper was to assess the effects of public subsidies on the productivityof firms that were supported by the Czech Operational Programme Enterprise and Innovation(OPEI) in the EU programming period 2007-2013. Design/methodology/approach:We used the data for 147 supported companies in the Czech food processing industry (72.4% of all beneficiaries within the industry) to calculate four indicators related to the firm productivity, i.e. value added, personnel costs, value added per personnelcosts and production efficiency. We analysed the level and development of selected productivity indicators and then we applied the paired t-test to compare the productivity in the period before the intervention (2005-2007) with the post-programme period (2014-2015). Findings: The obtained results suggest that participation of the Czech food processing companies in the OPEI did not lead to the higher productivity of the supported enterprises, both in terms of labour productivity and production efficiency two years after the end of the intervention. Research/practical implications:The presented findings, therefore, suggest that there is no significant impact of the public support from the OPEI on the productivity of supported enterprises in the Czech food industry. However, it is worth mentioning, that the results must be taken as a preliminarysince we have not accounted for the firm-level characteristics such as firm size. The changes in the productivity indicators might also take more time, and therefore it would be very relevant to investigate the effects also in the long run. Originality/value:The presented study empirically contributes to the knowledge on the relationship between the allocationof the public subsidies and firm productivity from the perspective of the Czech agribusiness sector.

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Socioeconomic changes and the subjective well-being of Polish society 1991–2011

Author(s): Piotr Michoń / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Three main questions are asked in the paper. Firstly: how has the sense of ‘life satisfaction’ and happiness of Poles changed over the period of twenty years between 1991 and 2011? During this period Poland has experienced substantial growth of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, but is Polish society becoming happier and more satisfied with life? Secondly: what is the level of subjective well-being individuals commonly perceived as losers (older, poorly educated and unemployed) in comparison with people who objectively appear to be winners (well-educated, in low middle age, employed)? Thirdly: how has the subjective well-being of unemployed, older and poorly educated people changed during this twenty year period between 1991 and 2011? Some authors suggest that because happiness became something everybody want, it is a core value of society, and it lays the basis for our modern welfare state. Because happiness represents an individual right, individual and societal aim, it is crucial to discover and scrutinise relations between the individual level of happiness, and the impact on it resulting from a variety of factors. It might be true that simple application of happiness economics to policy making would be unreasonable. But still if we agree that happiness constitutes a good life for individuals and thereby also a good society, it is important to collect, analyse and include this type of information for the purpose of policy making.

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Consideraţii ecologice şi geografice privind potenţialul eco-energetic al României

Author(s): Alexandru-Ionuţ Petrişor / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The chapter presents several ecological and geographical considerations on and geospatial analyses of the eco-energy potential of Romania.

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Условията на труд – фактор за задържане и привличане на висококвалифициран човешки капитал

Author(s): Mariana Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In the dynamically changing modern world, work and employment call for a new approach on the behalf of the employers and society, as well as for rethinking of the meaning we put into the concept of job quality and job wellbeing. Competition for highly qualifi ed professionals on an European and on a global scale transforms working conditions into one of the key aspects that make an position attractive. It is also one of the key factors for developing and retaining talented professionals. The paper contains an analysis of data and guidelines for the development of the concept of working conditions in the Republic of Bulgaria as a model for improving workplaces and making them desired by Bulgarian citizens, by the Bulgarians emigrants abroad and by the foreigners seeking employment in the Bulgarian economy.

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Индивидуални ценности инагласи за развитие

Author(s): Alexander Pojarliev,Nikola Yordanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Typically, dreams refl ect the achievement of a better and desirable state that can be considered as a form of development. One possible typology of different views of a desirable state is through the prism of values as criteria for choice and motivating factors of behavior. The present study aims to reveal the specifi cs of the value orientations of Bulgarian respondents with the help of Schwarz’s internationally approved structural model of the basic values .The research seeks to address the question of how individual values relate to perceiving the importance of personal development and resources as time and money that people are willing to devote to it. The study covers 417 respondents and its methodology is based on a survey that includes the Schwarz’s Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ).

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Устойчиво развитие на националната икономика – приоритети, параметри и управленски инструменти

Author(s): Kiril Radev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report outlines the current characteristics and priorities of the management of sustainable development. Presented is an administrative regulatory framework for sustainable development. Defined are arguments on actual results of the implementation of the objectives of sustainable development in EU. An analysis of the priorities, policies and goals of the sustainable development of the Republic of Bulgaria has been made. Emphasis is placed on global insecurity, digitalisation and cybersecurity

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Алтернативни сегментационни подходи за обособяване типология на участниците в геймифицирана платформа, насочена към служителите на търговско предприятие

Author(s): Apostol Mushmov,Ivan Boevsky,Victor Avramov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

We could profi le the employee of a company in many different ways. Nevertheless, when talking about gamifi ed system for employee motivation, there is a specifi c profi ling that could be done in terms of people being in a game like circumstances. In this research we propose some alternative approaches for such system, user’s profi ling and the results are interpreted as well as the advantages and disadvantages are discussed in relation to future system improvement.

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Прилагане на общата селскостопанска политика при изграждане на устойчиви бизнес модели в селските райони на България

Author(s): Teodorina Turlakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The development and maintenance of applicable business models in rural areas requires support at different levels of government. The implementation of the EU’s Common agricultural policy (CAP) measures in the rural areas creates the conditions for increasing the added value achieved through a number of initiatives, including through the concept of “smart villages”. The purpose of this article is to identify successful business models in rural areas of Bulgaria on the basis of an assessment of the local environment and in line with the CAP priorities. The article defi nes the concepts of “business model” and “rural entrepreneurship”, an analytical methodology assesses the business environment in several rural areas in Bulgaria.

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Влияние на интегрираната отчетност върху конкурентоспособността на предприятията

Author(s): Emiliya Vaysilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In today’s globalized world, the world economy is booming. Human needs are being met more and more and the role of companies in society is growing, which unfortunately is accompanied by negative effects on the environment. In order for this role to be properly assessed, it is necessary to improve the reporting of the companies. As a result, the paradigm regarding the reporting of economic activities is changing. Integrated reporting is introduced, which includes both fi nancial and non-fi nancial indicators (social and environmental).This paper aims to explore the essence and importance of integrated reporting as one of the conditions for sustainable growth and development of enterprises. The main thesis is that, at the present stage of economic development, the presentation of non-fi nancial information is one of the main factors for enhancing the competitiveness of each enterprise.

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Специални събития и атракции в културния туризъм – успешни практики и нови тенденции

Author(s): Sonya Alexieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Investment and changing attitudes towards cultural tourism which has grown increasingly high in demand among the various types of special interest tourism make of it a popular choice among Bulgarian and international tourists. In the era of social networks, the possibility for on-line exchange of comments and opinions has changed forever the way cultural tourism is managed and communicated. This type of special interest tourism requires a particular attention to special events, attractions, and modern animation. This paper deals with how our country’s chances as a promising cultural tourism destination can be enhanced at the background of the new trends in event management. It analyzes some good practices related to notorious special events and attractions and making many successful destinations recognizable.

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Концепция за бъдещето на градския туризъм – теоретико-пректически аспекти

Author(s): Irena Kirilova Emilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Along with the economic benefi ts of urban tourism development, such as creating new business opportunities, providing employment to the local residents, and generating revenue, there are a number of unfavorable consequences of overtourism to some destinations at the same time. In particular, this involves the destruction of cultural heritage, environmental pollution, deterioration the quality of life and, in general, a lower quality supply of tourist services, which have a signifi cant impact on tourists‘ experiences. The decision of these questions is on the one hand within the scope of local tourism management and concerns the behavior of tourists, on the other hand.

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Factor analysis in sustainable development research

Author(s): Iwona Olejnik,Blaženka Knežević,Magdalena Stefańska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Too much data describing a given phenomenon requires synthesizing them. For this purpose, researchers can use various methods of analysis. Factor analysis is one of them. In this section, first the basic theoretical aspects of factor analysis, as well as the stages of its use are described while presenting the essential minimum necessary to understand the essence of the method. The second part presents an example of the use of this method in research on sustainable consumption. The last part of this chapter presents case study of the use of factor analysis in research on managers’ ethics in retail industry.

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Historyczne uwarunkowania różnic w rozwoju polskich regionów i wybrane problemy finansowania publicznego jako bariery realizacji celów zrównoważonego rozwoju

Author(s): Oliwia Jędrzejewska,Julia Ziółkowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The aim of this study is to indicate the role of the state in the pursuit of sustainable development of Poland. Design/methodology/approach: The authors assume that historical factors underlie the differentiated development of Polish regions. A critical review of the literature on historical determinants of development of Polish regions was conducted. International legal conditions calling on Poland to take action to reduce adverse climate change are presented. The amount of state budget expenditure on tasks related to sustainable development of the country is discussed. Secondary data from the reports of the Council of Ministers were used. Findings: Differences in the level of the development of Polish regions are historically determined. Compared to other countries, the degree of Poland’s achievement of sustainable development goals is satisfactory, as it ranks 23rd in the world ranking (out of 193 possible places). Budget expenditures on tasks contributing to the achievement of sustainable development goals are relatively small. Originality and value: It is pointed out that in the past, the amount of spending on state development financing has varied. Historical conditions continue to affect the uneven development of individual regions. The authors suggest that the unsatisfactory level of the development of some regions is due not so much to the lack of access to funding sources, but to the mentality of people living in these areas.

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Neutralność klimatyczna a interes Polski

Author(s): Dominika Szajda / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The author aims to determine the estimated cost of adaptation of the Polish economy to a zero-emission energy system, taking into account the social aspect. Design/methodology/approach: The chapter shows that one of the causes of adverse climate change and increased air pollution in Poland is the increased burning of fossil fuels. It presents actions taken by international organizations to achieve climate neutrality. Against this background, Poland’s attitude towards the problem of ensuring climate neutrality of the economy is presented. The author looks at the problem of climate neutrality through the prism of the so-called social contract for the mining industry. This agreement takes into account the economic losses that the inhabitants of the Silesian Voivodeship will suffer in connection with this adaptation. The author assesses the legal feasibility of the miners’ demands. Findings: Poland should achieve climate neutrality by the early 2030s at the latest. Therefore, the hard coal mines should be already closed now rather than their extraction for each ton of raw material subsidized. In order to achieve climate neutrality it will be necessary to incur very large financial outlays, including for the safe closure of the mines and cash severance packages for the miners. The provisions of the social agreement for the mining industry are contrary to EU law and the climate goals set out in the so-called Paris Agreement. Originality and value: It was pointed out that Polish politicians have an ambivalent attitude towards the energy transition. They do not want to give up a strategic resource for Poland. Thus, they ignore the risks associated with the continued use of coal on a massive scale.

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Partycypacja lokatorska jako element zrównoważenia społecznego

Author(s): Katarzyna Suszyńska,Karim Youssef / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: Identification of the connections between tenant participation in social housing and the theory of social capital and social sustainability. Design/methodology/approach: Critical analysis of Polish and foreign literature on tenant participation, social capital and social sustainability. The authors adapted various concepts of social capital as the theoretical basis. Findings: In the literature on the subject, two meanings of the term social sustainability may be distinguished – the so-called soft application of the term and a more “severe” one, which covers the issues of changing the balance of power and profound social changes. The authors have attempted to delineate the third perspective, putting forward a thesis that the most useful for research on social housing is Coleman’s concept of social capital, where social capital is related to the capital of an individual. In studies on the housing environment in the social housing stock, it is necessary to identify the social capital of residents in the context of the environment, i.e. housing estates, by examining the level of participation of tenants in the decision-making process. Originality and value: The concepts of tenant participation, social capital and social sustainability are frequent subjects of research. However, these terms are rarely combined, which determines the originality of the proposed approach. The study is of practical importance in relation to social housing, since increasing the social capital of tenants through their participation in the decision-making process is one of the steps towards overcoming the impasse in the field of social sustainability.

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Możliwości nabywcze młodych osób na lokalnym rynku nieruchomości mieszkaniowych

Author(s): Łukasz Strączkowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The aim of the study is to determine the purchasing power (housing affordability indicators) of young people (up to 35 years old) on the local housing market. Design/methodology/approach: The author has conducted a critical review of the literature on the economic situation of young people in terms of the possibility to meet their needs on the housing market. The author has taken into account the problems resulting from the situation of young people on the labour market and their housing preferences. Furthermore, the article also presents the situation on the local residential real estate market. Findings: Based on the results of the analysis of the situation of young people on the labour market, their income and the data illustrating the situation on the local residential real estate market, it may be concluded that dwellings in urban areas are relatively expensive, which means that only a small group of people can freely meet their housing needs. For most young people, buying a preferred dwelling becomes an overwhelming challenge. The indexes reflecting purchasing abilities may explain the choice of suburban locations as places of residence. Originality and value: Research concerning young people on the residential real estate market usually focuses on their needs and preferences. Additionally, it is indicated that young people constitute the largest age group among buyers. On the other hand, the media image of the residential real estate market focuses on growing prices and purchases, ignoring the difficult situation of many people under the age of 35. Therefore, the study attempts to fill this gap and indicates the need to discuss the consequences of the current state of affairs (e.g. limiting housing purchases, parents and adult children living together for long periods of time).

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Koszty utrzymania mieszkań przez emerytów i rencistów na tle innych gospodarstw domowych w latach 1993-2019

Author(s): Anna Górska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The aim of the study is to determine the costs of maintaining a dwelling by retirees and disability pensioners compared to other households in the years 1993–2019. Design/methodology/approach: In order to determine the amount of housing costs for retirees and disability pensioners as well as for other households, the author has collected data on the costs between 1993 and 2019 based on the publication of the Central Statistical Office (now known as Statistics Poland) entitled “Budżety gospodarstw domowych” (Household budget survey). Findings: The costs related to the maintenance of a dwelling constitute the second largest group of expenses following consumption. The cost analysis in the period between 1993 and 2019 showed a constant increase in housing costs, with the largest group of costs being those related to heating. On the other hand, the highest cost growth dynamics was related to water expenditures. The housing expenditure of retirees and disability pensioners was the highest or one of the highest among all the surveyed groups of households, which results, among other things, from the lack of adjustment of the living conditions of seniors to their needs (in terms of the number of rooms, flat area or architectural solutions), as well as from the poor technical condition of the dwellings, which also translates into higher maintenance costs. Originality and value: The issue of the cost of maintaining a dwelling by seniors is not frequently discussed in the scientific literature. The main areas of research concerning the elderly in the context of housing resources are most often related to architectural maladjustments. However, the topic of increasing housing costs in senior households is an important social problem and should be the subject of more research and analysis.

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Komercyjne domy seniora w Polsce a gerontechnologia – wyniki badań

Author(s): Marcin Boruta / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The aim of the study is to present the concept of the silver economy and basic solutions in the field of gerontechnology utilised in senior housing, as well as to depict the situation in commercial retirement homes in Poland in terms of the use of devices related to gerontechnology. Design/methodology/approach: The author has conducted literature studies in the field of demography, the concept of the silver economy and gerontechnology. Additionally, an empirical study has been carried out with the use of a standardised questionnaire. The research population consisted of institutions providing round-the-clock care for disabled, chronically ill or elderly people. These institutions operate as part of business activity or paid statutory activity from at least January 1, 2017, with minimum 75% of the total population being people aged 65 and older. Findings: The sector of private retirement homes in Poland takes advantage of technological solutions to improve the quality of life of residents and the level of services provided. However, the catalogue of existing solutions is significantly limited and used primarily to support and monitor health. Solutions for the automation and control of the home environment are applied to a small extent, and the use of solutions for the exchange of information and recreation is marginal. Originality and value: The demographic changes taking place in Poland, as well as the growing costs of supporting older population groups and meeting their diverse needs may raise concerns about the productivity of the economy, its competitiveness and the condition of public finances. However, the existing scientific studies and foreign experience allow to conclude that if the silver economy is considered as a field of strategic activities, the existing threats can be perceived as opportunities. Gerontechnology is a vital element of this economy, and modern technological solutions aimed at seniors are an inherent and increasingly popular element of senior housing and will become one of the basic directions for improving the real estate market.

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Pandemia COVID-19 a rynek nieruchomości w Polsce

Author(s): Maciej Koszel / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The aim of the article is to answer the following research questions in the context of strong factors, both external (COVID-19 pandemic) and internal (restrictions): 1) What is the current professional situation of people associated with the real estate market? 2) What is the general situation on the real estate market? 3) What are the prospects regarding the professional situation and the market itself? Design/methodology/approach: The author has used the diagnostic survey method and the survey technique (electronic questionnaire) in the study. The research was carried out in the second quarter of 2020 (i.e. in the period of the strictest restrictions) on a sample of 247 people representing mainly the professions of a real estate agent, property appraiser and real estate manager. Findings: Pandemic restrictions, including in particular the restrictions on the functioning of selected aspects of the economic sphere (lockdown), drastically worsened the professional situation of people associated with the real estate market and had a negative impact on the overall economic situation. A shock occurred, above all, on the demand side of the market, disrupting the functioning of entities dealing with the professional service of the market, including primarily people working in the profession of a real estate agent and a real estate sales specialist in real estate development companies. A common feature of the professions in question is the work model based on direct contact with clients. In this case, remote work turned out to be possible only to a limited extent. The overall assessment of the situation on local real estate markets and their individual segments was utterly negative. Originality and value: The first weeks of the pandemic were characterised by very high dynamics and frequency of changes, which caused chaos and disrupted the functioning of entities operating on the real estate market. It was considered crucial to obtain the opinions of the people directly involved in and creating this market. The conducted research was one of the first in Poland which comprehensively allowed for a preliminary assessment of changes on the selected market.

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Perspective ale dezvoltării inteligente în oraşele dunărene

Author(s): Andreea Catalina Popa / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The concept of smart growth appeared in the mid-1990s in the United States of America. The notion of a smart city emerged later, referring to how a city can favor the use of information technology. In Romania, the number of smart growth initiatives has continuously increased in recent years. Currently, there are such projects in both large and small cities. This research aims to analyze the implementation stage of smart growth initiatives in three Danube cities: Galati, Brăila and Tulcea.

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