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Do začiatku 15. storočia, teda do obdobia, kedy sa začala v Uhorskom kráľovstve výraznejšie stupňovať diferenciácia miest, zaznamenávame na území Gemerskej župy len 5 lokalít, v prameňoch označovaných ako civitas – Rožňavu, Štítnik, Plešivec, Brzotín a dnešnú obec Gemer. Okrem nich môžeme už v 14. storočí sledovať známky mestskosti aj u Putnoku, Rimavskej Seče, Dobšinej a Jelšavy.
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This report explores the opportunities for a Quadruple Helix Approach where business, public sector, research/ academic centers and civil society organizations interact to accelerate the transfer of innovative social welfare solutions in regional chains. It analyzes the historical perspective and outlines the roles of the participants, creating and exchanging innovative practices for the social integration of the risk groups. Because of personal observations, participation in discussions, workshops and projects, the author presents summarized results of Bulgarian practices and provides guidance for strengthening cooperation in the regional innovation system.
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In taking the idea of participatory action research (PAR) seriously it seems necessary to change both power relation and epistemological perspectives. The basic research relation is perceived as bilateral, which means there are two or more subjects (sometimes collective) to be involved in- researcher and user/client- but most of interpretive research is focused on user perspective only. But there are more participants in the field who create social reality and produce interpretations “from the inside” (for example practitioners), and academic perspectives also plays their role in the process. So finally at least three viewpoints are needed to be recognized and scrutinized in participatory action research: academics, practitioners, and service users. Designing the research project titled: Onto-epistemologies of street social work with homeless people our initial idea was an interpretive assessment to be implemented in the field of such street working. We have realised that there are two quite different discourses (theoretical and practical) being developed during our meetings with practitioners, and no liaison work to be done. Homeless users’ perspectives being added a few months later made the reflexion more complicated. The main objective of this contribution is to share challenges that need to be faced by academics in the course of PAR co-produced with street workers and homeless service users. The focus is on the problem of defining homelessness, power negotiations, differences in conceptualisations of assessment, and the position of service users in the research. Because PAR is also recognised as a way to make the process of knowledge creation more democratic, some political dilemmas and limitations are being taken into consideration as well.
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In this chapter, the author introduces the concept of a project week where social work students study together with a diverse group of unemployed social work clients. This involves a learning approach as a formative research process, focusing on establishing and maintaining relationships and highlights communalities. The subject matter references a public forum organized by, “aqua muehle Vorarlberg”, during which students and service users present the results of their collective project week. The issues researched focus on unemployment, education, qualification, illnesses, discrimination and inclusion. A document analysis of learning journals together with records of feedback sessions and presentations of outcomes form the basis of this contribution. A series of new possibilities arise when groups form equally, leaving their “normalities” of familiar learning environments behind. The experiences are evaluated positively by the participants despite being described as exhausting, emotional and difficult. Role ambiguity contributes to a valuable experience of exchange.
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This discussion focuses on participation as an approach to radicalising social work, drawing on the experience of the author and many others in the UK and beyond. It explores the modern history of participation in policy and ideology, highlighting the empirical evidence that many people seem to feel they have little say over their lives and institutions affecting them and regard this as problematic. It highlights inequalities in participation and explores different ideological approaches to participation; their strengths and weaknesses, the emergence of service user movements; the gains from involving service users in research and the methodological and practical issues of excluding and including people’s “experiential” or first hand knowledge as both practitioners and service users, the overlaps between the two groups, the importance of involving practitioners too and key issues emerging for participation.
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This chapter sets out to examine the potential and the reality for the inclusion of service users in social work services, social work education, and social work research. It includes special reference to such work with the most vulnerable service users, for example certain people with mental health problems. The chapter will critically examine the theoretical framework, potential of, and reality for, the inclusion of service users in social work services, social work education, and social work research. The discussion will critically analyse the rationale, challenges and opportunities of involving service users and carers in such areas using ideas around the ethics of social work as set out in the International Federation of Social Worker’s (IFSW)/International Association of Schools of Social Work’s (IASSW) Ethical Codes (2012) and their Definition of Social Work (2014) and further analyzed against S. Arnstein’s “ladder of participation”. In examining how we can work towards the greatest level of participation in co-production, the chapter will use examples from projects carried out by the author.
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Over recent decades, “participation” has become one of the leading mottos of reform-oriented movements in such diverse fields as democracy, technology, finance, management, mass media, culture, social research methodology and, last but not least, social work. Before our eyes the “change of function” (in the terminology of Karl Mannheim) has taken place: what in the sixties and seventies was an incorporation of subversive and alternative tendencies, has been absorbed step by step in mainstream discourses on politics, economy, social science and the helping professions. The discursive dominance of participatory ideas can be manifested when they constitute a prominent message in recent handbooks in the fields mentioned above or provide apparently self-evident justifications in typical applied research projects. This trend needs to be reflected upon if we are not to succumb to the self-destructive potential of participatory approaches.
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This paper represents an attempt to analyze migration and urbanization processes in Serbia and Yugoslavia in the first decade after the Second World War. Special attention was paid to migratory movements, the explosive growth of Belgrade, the communal situation and communal problems in cities. It is based on sources stored in the Archives of Yugoslavia, the Archives of Serbia, the former Archives of Josip Broz Tito and the Historical Archives of Belgrade, as well as articles published in the Politika, the Borba and the NIN.
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The development of Belgrade as the urban centre and the capital of Serbia is a process that is conditioned as by its specific geographical location so by the intensive historical events, and the consequences and impacts of the development refer to the urbanization of other settlements in Serbia. The urban planning is by nature turned primarily toward the future, but the knowledge, experience and lessons of the past can significantly contribute to better understanding of the real solutions, avoiding mistakes and a special dedication to a certain topics. Scenarios and strategies for future development must mitigate the extent of the determinateness, given the uncertainty and unpredictability as key determinants of life in this region. The problems of the city of the XIX and the XX century were also transferred in modern times, which speak of their complexity and the lack of will to seriously and fully commit to. In 1910, traveling the eastern countries, Le Corbusier wrote a few short notes about Belgrade, noting its „amazing position“, but describing it as an „indefinite and disorganized“. Building a city on this bases, we again re-evaluate its position and importance in the state and the region, the historical facts that led to the current look, growth and expansion, economic and demographic conditions, all with the aim to recognize its creative potentials.
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The longest street in Belgrade (7.5 km) that stretches from downtown, from Nikola Pasic Square to the road that leads to Veliki Mokri Lug, through four Belgrade municipalities, has changed its name several times. It was called Roman Via Militaris, then Constantinople road, Alley at the golden cannon, Marko’s Street, Fiseklija, King Aleksandar Obrenovic Street, Boulevard of the Liberation, Boulevard of the Revolution and King Aleksandar Boulevard. Name Boulevard of the Revolution was changed in 2002 to King Aleksandar Boulevard, but these days people have still used the old name (attached through film representation of life in this street in the end of the 20th century) or a shortened Boulevard. It’s quite difficult for people to get used to the new name. Historical and geographical characteristics are relating to the identity of the boulevard before the World War II, after the World War II, during the 90’s of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. Except identifying and explaining the main historical and geographical characteristics, objective of the study is to reach deeper into symbolism of meaning of the famous boulevard identity. To achieve this, we chose case study of plane trees cutting in 2010. The importance of public space, collective memory, belonging to the urban environment and public media discourse are going to be analysed in a variety of qualitative methods.
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Cities operate more and more like enterprises as they are confronted with an increasing global competition for investments, business locations, fairs and tourism, as well as scientific and creative excellence. On the other hand, economic, political and social changes since the late 1960s have caused mounting social and urban fragmentation which has led to upward revaluation or devaluation of some inner-city districts. Those neighbourhoods are characterized by a concentration of developmental, ecological, infrastructural and socio-economic problems as well as ethniccultural diversity (cf. Franke et al., 2000:244ff.). Based on the assumption that the process taking place in these areas reinforce themselves continuously, many American and European cities developed political programs in the early 1990s to counteract the 'downward spiral' by bringing different sectors of local government and civil society together.
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Cities responsible for over 70% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are also areas with a high mitigation potential. The search for specific solutions enabling a significant reduction of GHG emissions in urban areas is therefore of key importance in the global pro-climate policy. One of the tools for this purpose may be discussions within the citizens’ assembly. The developed solutions, in order to be effective, must be consistent with the current state of knowledge. Therefore, the undertaken study provides basic information on the greenhouse effect and the role of individual greenhouse gases, methods for determining emissions from the city area and the characteristics of the urban climate. Particular attention was paid to the dangers resulting from the insufficiently thorough interpretation of the results obtained with the use of various GHG inventory methods. In terms of urban climate, the differences between the classic urban heat island regarding the air temperature in the city and the surface temperature obtained from satellite imagery were highlighted. The impact of the city on the precipitation and wind field was also characterized. Finally, urban strategies for mitigating climate change were discussed.
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Cities are the largest contributors to pollution, which ultimately leads to climate change on a global scale. The negative, environmental, effects of cities are becoming so acute that they are mobilizing local authorities, but also citizens themselves, to take active measures. Sustainable urban development is becoming a necessity and requires the implementation of innovative instruments and solutions and the creation of an urban climate policy. An extensive review of the literature on the subject and a search of key international and national documents made it possible to outline a broad perspective on the conditions and determinants of contemporary urban development in the era of challenges caused by climate change.
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The article presents social participation as a concept that is still new and yet developing very dynamically. In parallel with the development of the approach of cooperation and joint decision-making between local authorities and the local community, there are overlapping processes that have not yet existed in the awareness, and therefore in the debate. Climate threats, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, drought, and weather anomalies are issues so far beyond the sphere of action of local authorities. Cooperation, cooperation and co-decision-making with residents require the development of social and climate participation tools.
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The author analyses the paths of societal participation in the energy transition in Germany and the Netherlands, comparing them to the situation in Poland. He analyses energy development in Poland, taking into account scenarios realised in Germany and the Netherlands. He describes several experiments with the application of RES in cities in these three countries, which leads to conclusions on the necessity to undertake a broad social debate on the future of energy in Poland.
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The Anthropocene is not yet a known term for the geological era in which we live. Many scientific communities are calling for the adoption of this name, which would not only mean recognizing that predatory human activity has influenced the bad situation of our planet like never before. It would also mean official recognition of responsibility for the dramatic situation of loss of diversity. It should also be recognized that it is man as the perpetrator who should be responsible for stopping, but also partially reversing the trend. As modern individuals, we have no influence on shaping the policies of states and global corporations. However, we have a tangible impact on stopping the destruction and working for our local biodiversity. The article is an attempt to present what civic initiatives are undertaken by the inhabitants of Lodz.
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This article is an analysis of the process of the I Lodz Citizens Assembly “Greenery in the City” in the context of the two crises that were piling up when it was conducted in 2020: the climate crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. While the climate crisis was the subject of this deliberation process, the pandemic posed a challenge in terms of the conduct and organization of the process itself. The purpose of this article is to show the added value from conducting this process, taking into account (1) the way in which the first Lodz Citizens Assembly was organized, (2) the merits of the panel – in terms of the selection of themes and the recommendations developed, and (3) the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on both the way the panel was conducted and its substantive results. In the conclusions, recommendations were given to the public sector for the implementation of citizen assemblies on issues related to the climate crisis as well as the development of public participation during a crisis such as the pandemic.
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In the last few years, two citizens’ assemblies have been held in Lodz, focusing on the mitigation and adaptation of the city to climate change, and consequently, improving the quality of life for the residents of Lodz. The first panel addressed greenery in the city, while the second focused on finding answers to the question, “How to reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions in Lodz by 55% by 2030?”. This chapter highlights the key conditions and determinants of the implementation of the 2nd Lodz Citizens’ Assembly, from the planning stage through execution to completion. As a result, the chapter should provide practical knowledge and inspiration for city leaders and authorities to conduct social participation processes using citizens’ assemblies as a tool of urban policy.
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In recent years, two thematically related citizens’ assemblies have been implemented in Lodz, focusing on the mitigation and adaptation of the city to climate change, and consequently, improving the quality of life for its residents. The first panel addressed greenery in the city, while the second focused on finding answers can the question: “How to reduce harmful greenhouse gas emissions in Lodz by 55% by 2030?”. This chapter presents and discusses the key results of the evaluation survey conducted with the participants of II ŁPO. The objective of this chapter is to provide practical knowledge and enrich the experiences of cities authorities in conducting social participation processes, utilizing the citizens’ assembly as an instrument of urban policy.
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There is an indissoluble connection between Part III of Forefathers’ Eve and Vilnius where the drama unfolds. Forefathers’ Eve is a text of the city, just as the city is a text of Forefathers’ Eve.These ties between the city and Mickiewicz’s drama pose a hermeneutic and interpretational challenge for scholars studying the Romantic period. The author of the arti- cle invokes various interpretations of Vilnius, including those expressed in terms of the semiotics of the city and geopoetics. Particular inspiration for this research comes from Mieczysław Limanowski’s works in cultural studies. A geology professor and co-founder of the Reduta Theatre, he used the category of “mystery-play spirit” to present an inter- pretation of the text of Vilnius that resonates with the vision of Vilnius presented in Part III of Forefathers’ Eve. As in the historical mystery-play theatre, events unfold simultane- ously here, taking place in different places at the same time, but are bound by the linear development of the main theme: the fate of the prisoners and their martyrdom, and, in a theatrical sense through the participation of the audience/witnesses, who are conscious of events on the city’s stage.
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