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Media Literacy: Classical And New Dimensions Cover Image

Медийна грамотност: Класически и нови измерения
Media Literacy: Classical And New Dimensions

International Scientific Conference of the FJMC, held on 28-29.10.2021

Contributor(s): Vesselina Valkanova (Editor), Andreana Eftimova (Editor)
Subject(s): Social Sciences, Education, Media studies, Communication studies, Theory of Communication, School education, Higher Education , Distance learning / e-learning
Published by: Факултет по журналистика и масова комуникация, Софийски университет „Св. Кл. Охридски”
Keywords: media; literacy; journalism; public relations; communication
Summary/Abstract: This collection of reports contains the research and reports by colleagues from 12 Bulgarian universities, and by practicing journalists, who have participated in the conference and have discussed with their colleagues from foreign universities and educational organizations topics like professional standards of journalism; media art, and art journalism; visual and nonverbal communication in media; media in times of a pandemic; infodemic on the pandemic; media languages; media and audience – the changing communication; the world, the values, the media; communication challenges to the new communication environment. This collection of reports contains the researches and reports by colleagues from 12 Bulgarian universities, and by practicing journalists, who have participated in the conference and have discussed with their colleagues from foreign universities and educational organizations topics like: professional standards of journalism; media art and art journalism; visual and nonverbal communication in media; media in times of a pandemic; infodemic on the pandemic; media languages; media and audience – the changing communication; the world, the values, the media; communication challenges to the new communication environment.

  • E-ISBN-13: 978-619-7567-12-0
  • Print-ISBN-13: 978-619-7567-12-0
  • Page Count: 396
  • Publication Year: 2022
  • Language: English, Bulgarian
Media Literacy, Social Situation, and Quality Communication Education

Media Literacy, Social Situation, and Quality Communication Education
(Media Literacy, Social Situation, and Quality Communication Education)

  • Author(s):Vesselina Valkanova
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Education, Media studies, Communication studies, Theory of Communication, Distance learning / e-learning
  • Page Range:11-14
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:media; literacy; communication; education
  • Summary/Abstract:The communication environment not only in Bulgaria but all over the world is being transformed and undergoing dynamic changes. To a large extent, the loss of trust in the media is related to the commercialization and retreat from the public functions of journalism, with the often occurring willful transgression of quality journalism in PR and in mass culture. There are several interrelated processes - an obvious retreat from the role of a corrective and independent institution, the transformation of the media into sellers of image and influence, filtering and manipulating information, abuse of media influence, substitution in the selection of topics and accents, one-sided viewpoints and conjunctural influences.
Citizens and journalists in the European Union: discovery or ignorance

Citizens and journalists in the European Union: discovery or ignorance
(Citizens and journalists in the European Union: discovery or ignorance)

  • Author(s):Gilles Rouet
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:17-22
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:public spaces; mobile citizen; European construction; European journalism; European media
  • Summary/Abstract:Media and journalists have an important responsibility in the construction of our political Europe. Between the quest for a European public space that is impossible to build, a transnationalization, or even a Europeanization, that is difficult to explain within the national frameworks of the media, a “duty” of information centered on a Europe seen from Brussels, and impoverished trust of the citizens towards the media, journalists have an obvious educational mission: to incite to discovery to avoid the withdrawal into ignorance.
The use of Social Media as a news source: trends in the evolving skillset of journalists. Comparative Global Survey Results 2015 vs 2021

The use of Social Media as a news source: trends in the evolving skillset of journalists. Comparative Global Survey Results 2015 vs 2021
(The use of Social Media as a news source: trends in the evolving skillset of journalists. Comparative Global Survey Results 2015 vs 2021)

  • Author(s):Nikolai Kolev
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:23-39
  • No. of Pages:17
  • Keywords:Social Media; Media Literacy; Digital Transformation; COVID-19 Pandemic
  • Summary/Abstract:Media literacy is becoming an increasingly worrying problem in modern societies.2021 was declared as a year of information bankruptcy by Richard Edelman‘s annual Barometer of Confidence survey. Not everything in this perspective is blаck, as this is the year in which it is high time to begin the process of restoring trust in societies. The media must play a key role, as an even stricter arbiter of the truth. The audience is expected to begin to demonstrate higher media literacy and the ability to make choices based on objective information rather than fear, external pressure, or conspiracy theories. At the same time, journalists need to develop new skills and tactics to defend long-standing practices of gaining public trust – namely, by adapting the foundations of journalistic theory, standards, and good practices to the needs of the digital environment.
Бележки върху деструктивната ирония в социалните мрежи с постоянно позоваване на Facebook

Бележки върху деструктивната ирония в социалните мрежи с постоянно позоваване на Facebook
(Notes on toxic irony in the social media with continual reference to Facebook)

  • Author(s):Yassen Borislavov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies
  • Page Range:40-49
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:irony; infodemic; comico-populisme; information technology; digital loneliness
  • Summary/Abstract:The object of research is a process in social media that has been observed but little studied – a growing wave of toxic irony in user interventions on various topics, but mostly political. Proceeding from an examination of the dynamics of this process, the study charts its possible developments, specifically the use of irony as a tool of politics, thereby transforming it into a social problem. The empirical observations highlight Facebook posts related to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and those addressing politics in Bulgaria in 2021.
Гражданско участие по време на криза през призмата на медиите и социалните мрежи

Гражданско участие по време на криза през призмата на медиите и социалните мрежи
(Civic participation during a crisis through the prism of media and social networks)

  • Author(s):Zarina Vasileva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:50-61
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:media literacy; COVID-19; civic participation; charity; media; social networks
  • Summary/Abstract:The COVID-19 pandemic showed the clear need for civic participation in times of crisis. The media have once again proved to be a key tool for creating a critical, engaged, and active civil society. Social networks have proven their constant role as a catalyst for activism for the emergence and realization of social causes. This report examines the role of the media and social networks in civic inclusion in the context of the growing need for solidarity and cooperation during the COVID-19 crisis.
Парламентарни избори 2021 – дефицити на медийната грамотност в гражданското образование

Парламентарни избори 2021 – дефицити на медийната грамотност в гражданското образование
(Parliamentary Elections’2021 – Media Literacy Deficits in Civic Education)

  • Author(s):Lilia Raycheva, Neli Velinova, Mariyan Tomov, Lora Metanova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:62-69
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Parliamentary elections; Facebook; political leaders; media literacy
  • Summary/Abstract:Compared to traditional media, internet platforms, and especially social networks are becoming increasingly popular channels for politicians to communicate with the electorate. The aim of the study by an academic team of FJMK, supported by NSF (KP-06-М35/4-18.12.2019), focuses on the deficits of media literacy in pre-election online communication. The object is the dynamics of the online campaign for the parliamentary elections in Bulgaria in 2021. Both the regular (04.04.) and the early (11.07.) elections have been held under the shadow of COVID-19 and in the conditions of political confrontation, hostile public speech, and neglected professional standards. The subject relates to the messages in the Facebook profiles of the political leaders within one month of the two campaigns. The methodology is an empirical study and comparative analysis. The scope of the survey includes political forces that have passed the 4% electoral threshold. The results are indicative of the extent to which insufficient information, media, and digital literacy as part of the civic education of the participants in the election process – regulators, politicians, media, analysts, and audiences, affect the informed choice of voters.
Медийна грамотност и сензационност (Парламентарни избори 2021)

Медийна грамотност и сензационност (Парламентарни избори 2021)
(Media literacy and sensationalism (Parliamentary elections 2021))

  • Author(s):Sonya Gancheva Ignatova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:70-80
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:media; message; rhetoric; ethics; brand
  • Summary/Abstract:The study will examine the political, journalistic, and pre-election implications of media literacy with a focus on the 2021 parliamentary elections. The object of the research will be media messages in the context of rhetoric and linguistic eloquence, as a process of „brand” strategic positioning. The linguistic recitative of public figures and political figures, expressed in the public space through the prism of new dimensions of media stylistics, will be considered. Cultural and ethical aspects of the media text.
Фалшиви новини и медийна грамотност по време на COVID-19 пандемията

Фалшиви новини и медийна грамотност по време на COVID-19 пандемията
(Fake news and media literacy during COVID-19 pandemic)

  • Author(s):Rositsa Slavova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:81-90
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:fake news; media literacy; digital literacy; sources of information; COVID-19 pandemic
  • Summary/Abstract:The article presents the results of an anonymous online survey among online users on whether they believe they can identify fake news and what is their attitude toward sources of information and digital literacy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results are discussed in the context of the media literacy field. Two big groups of respondents are identified– users who believe they can identify fake news and users who are unsure. The main characteristics of both groups are outlined as a result and recommendations for future media literacy practices are offered.
Rumors and pandemic: Rethinking old and new theories of rumors and disinformation

Rumors and pandemic: Rethinking old and new theories of rumors and disinformation
(Rumors and pandemic: Rethinking old and new theories of rumors and disinformation)

  • Author(s):Diana Petkova
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:93-100
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:rumors; conspiracy theories; pandemic; vaccines
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper studies the social psychological phenomenon of rumors and outlines its mechanisms and transformations in conditions of a global pandemic. For this reason, the method of content analysis has been used to study the posts in a close group on Facebook. The Internet and social networks nowadays provide the possibility for everyone to equally participate in the process of communication and thus become a fertile ground for spreading rumors and conspiracy theories. In such a way, rumor communities have been created. Rumors and conspiracy theories arise in moments when there is an emergent need for understanding. Having clear, even though wrong, explanations for events and phenomena becomes more important for individuals and societies than sustaining uncertainty in looking for the truth. Based on the analysis it is concluded that several factors can contribute to sustaining misconceptions. The first one is the need to reduce anxiety. Second, believing in false facts may also be due to low levels of education and the lack of access to reliable information. Third, the cultural memories of the past may lay the foundations for present-day perceptions. Fourth, existing mental schemata may contribute people to being predisposed to misconceptions.
Слух и страх vs. медийна грамотност

Слух и страх vs. медийна грамотност
(Rumour and Fear vs. Media Literacy)

  • Author(s):Plamen Atanasov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:101-108
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:rumour; fear; media literacy; journalism; ambiguity
  • Summary/Abstract:A lot of rumours instil fear. Rumours disappear when the associated ambiguity is addressed, and the media are the tribune who are expected to achieve this. Media literacy amplifies this effect. The rumour is the oldest form of communication and is part of sociality. It is known that it is a function of importance, and ambiguity; it is not dependent on the truth; and nor could it be refuted by pointing to logical discrepancies, or with emotional arguments. Fear is inversely proportional to reason. However, its manifestation is more complex, due to the protective function of the reason–literacy–rumour chain.
Global media ethics as a new media ethics in the digital era.

Global media ethics as a new media ethics in the digital era.
(Global media ethics as a new media ethics in the digital era.)

  • Author(s):Ivana Stojanović Prelević
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:109-115
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:digital era; traditional media ethics; postjournalism; radical ethics; global ethics
  • Summary/Abstract:In the Digital Era, ethical knowledge and ethical thinking, considered as a part of media literacy, are of special importance. Relatedly, traditional media ethics need reconsideration because of the usage of a new platform for communication (the Internet) and the appearance of new kinds of journalism, such as citizen journalism, brand journalism, and the like. Although traditional media ethics does not answer new problems of journalism, like the one that concerns the question as to how we validate citizen content, this, however, does not mean that it cannot be useful to ethical decision-making. This corroborates the claim that new media ethics sought to be grounded on traditional ethics, as well as those professionals need to acquire the knowledge of characteristics of digital media, as a new context in which they can apply both traditional ethics and the new one. This new media ethics theorist Ward calls global ethics. Our aim in this paper is to examine to what extent such ethics implement traditional ethics, whether it has already become a part of media literacy, and to what extent it is a new project in practice.
The role of media literacy in fighting disinformation

The role of media literacy in fighting disinformation
(The role of media literacy in fighting disinformation)

  • Author(s):Ralitsa Kovacheva
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:116-125
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:media literacy; news; misinformation; fact-checking
  • Summary/Abstract:The text analyzes the main advantages and disadvantages of approaches to dealing with disinformation based on media literacy. Key definitions (media literacy, news, and media literacy) from the point of view of the concept of disinformation and, in particular, fact-checking as a strategy to counter disinformation are considered. The role of social context (ideological polarization, political propaganda), technological context (online media, social media), post-truth, and cognitive distortions are taken into account. Some of the conclusions in the article are based on our empirical study of the criteria that journalism students use to identify media reports as „fake”. The author argues that fact-checking and media literacy are not in themselves a panacea in the fight against disinformation, but that our societies need to invest more resources and efforts in supporting quality media and quality journalism.
Разделяй и владей: войната на БГ инфлуенсърите в ерата на COVID-19

Разделяй и владей: войната на БГ инфлуенсърите в ерата на COVID-19
(Divide and Conquer: The War of BG Influencers in the COVID-19 Era)

  • Author(s):Lora Simeonova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:127-134
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:influencers; COVID-19; social networks; polarization; multi-step flow theory; hybrid war
  • Summary/Abstract:The article identifies and suggests a typology of the most eminent speakers on the Coronavirus topic on the Bulgarian “Facebook”. The research shows that the infodemic mobilizes and radicalizes all types of influencers and their audiences. A new breed of opinion leaders emerges – especially in the field of medicine, which rapidly monetizes their social capital and evolves in the hierarchy of influencers. The “divide and conquer” strategy turns out to be beneficial for the opinion makers but the price of their acceleration is paid by the public.
Transmedia journalism and media literacy: youth protagonism and participation in the fight against misinformation

Transmedia journalism and media literacy: youth protagonism and participation in the fight against misinformation
(Transmedia journalism and media literacy: youth protagonism and participation in the fight against misinformation)

  • Author(s):Eduardo Faria, Jose Gabriel Andrade
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:135-143
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:disinformation; young; transmedia narrative; journalism; media literacy
  • Summary/Abstract:Young people play an important role in combating misinformation, especially in Brazil, where the population under 30 represents more than 42% of the population. Considering the reality established between convergence, the relationship between young people and the media demands new forms of teaching pedagogy that promote different forms of literacy, such as transmedia reading of information. In this sense, school education can be the way to awaken young people's new knowledge about the media, helping them in the processes that affect journalistic information and the fight against misinformation. This research presents some data considered relevant, extracted from the Master‘s research in development, in CommunicationSciences at the University of Minho, in Braga, Portugal.
Media literacy vs. human trafficking: How to protect children and young people from modern slavery and cybercrime

Media literacy vs. human trafficking: How to protect children and young people from modern slavery and cybercrime
(Media literacy vs. human trafficking: How to protect children and young people from modern slavery and cybercrime)

  • Author(s):Antoaneta Vassileva
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:144-153
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:media literacy; competencies; internet; protection; prevention; human trafficking; abuse; sexual online exploitation; social networks
  • Summary/Abstract:Today, several generations of children, called digital natives, are growing up in a digital network without fully understanding and recognizing the dangers of it and what safe behavior is online. The Internet has quickly established itself as a convenient and inexpensive way to communicate between people, but it has also undeniably demonstrated its potential to be actively used by criminals. Today, perpetrators of human trafficking have one of the most effective, unrestricted, and anonymous means of recruiting and exploiting victims. The unprecedented crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has only increased the vulnerability of victims and challenges for investigators, and cases of child abuse and online sexual exploitation have jumped dramatically. How to protect children on the Internet from human trafficking and online sexual exploitation? Can the active development of media literacy and all related competencies be the key to the effective protection of children from traffickers who actively seek contact with them on the Internet?
Поглед върху методологията за обучение на обучителите по медийна грамотност на обобщената методика на EMCI (European Media Coach Initiative)

Поглед върху методологията за обучение на обучителите по медийна грамотност на обобщената методика на EMCI (European Media Coach Initiative)
(A look at the methodology for training media literacy trainers in the EMCI (European MediaCoach Initiative) summary methodology)

  • Author(s):Danail Danov, Madeleine Danova, Simeon Hinkovski, Teodora Petrova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:157-165
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Media Coaches; Media Coach Training; methodology; media literacy
  • Summary/Abstract:The article is an attempt to look at the methodology for training media literacy trainers in several countries in Europe. An attempt to overlook theoretical and methodological views on media literacy training for trainers, an overview of training topics in a national context, and a summary and coordination of the methodology of several EU countries, it outlines future steps for training media literacy trainers. The aim is to compare and coordinate national practices, applying the positive results of the Dutch MediaCoaches initiative. The implementation of the results of the MediaCoaches program in different countries aims to increase the level of media literacy in Bulgaria through the implementation of more effective training on the use of media, content, and environment available at the level of preschool, primary, secondary, and higher education. Media literacy is offered as a specialized module, which is formed as a competence, combining knowledge, skills, and positive attitudes, allowing people to consciously, critically, and actively learn, manage, and change today‘s highly mediated world
Аспекти на синергия между комуникационната теория на рамкирането и теориите на визуалната комуникация в конструирането на значения в традиционните и онлайн медии

Аспекти на синергия между комуникационната теория на рамкирането и теориите на визуалната комуникация в конструирането на значения в традиционните и онлайн медии
(Aspects of synergy between the framing theory of communication and the visual communication theories in the construction of meaning in traditional and online media)

  • Author(s):Yotka Pancheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:166-173
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:framing theory; visual framing; visual communication; visual communication theories; multimodal communication; media literacy
  • Summary/Abstract:The framing theory is one of the main media communication tools. The„framed” presentation of a journalistic news or event selectively focuses on its specific aspects and contexts. These models construct meanings that guide and suggest to the reader how to perceive the meaning of the news in the world in which he lives. Especially in today‘s visually saturated world, framing is a combination of visual and textual, multimodal frameworks, through which the meaning of the journalistic message is constructed. Thus, through the mechanism of these various multimodal stimuli, journalistic news helped to acquire a „central organizing idea” that guides and influences. This report explores aspects of the synergy between the framing communication theory and visual communication theories.
Четене на образа – визуалната грамотност на 21 век в дизайнерски и медиен контекст

Четене на образа – визуалната грамотност на 21 век в дизайнерски и медиен контекст
(Image reading – the visual literacy of the 21st century in a design and media context)

  • Author(s):Maya Stoyanova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:174-179
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:visual literacy; design theory; media literacy; visual communication
  • Summary/Abstract:In a media context, visual literacy is a more limited set of abilities, skills, and competencies than in the design aspect, as the design itself relies entirely on the visual language in the communication process. In a design context, visual literacy is quite complex, multi-layered, and multimodal. Visual literacy in the field of media sciences is related to the communication process itself, and in the field of design, it is rather oriented to the recipient in the communication process. For the recipient of the design to be able to claim to be visually literate, it is not enough for him to be able to read images alone, as media content users do. It is necessary to have skills for visual reading, visual writing, and additional visual skills.
Карикатурата в авангарда на свободата на словото. Съвременна парадигма

Карикатурата в авангарда на свободата на словото. Съвременна парадигма
(Cartooning at the avant-garde of free speech. A contemporary paradigm)

  • Author(s):Victoria Atanasova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:180-189
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:freedom of speech; cartoonist; terrorist; radicalization; tolerance; media
  • Summary/Abstract:The text draws attention to the understanding of the media mechanisms for modeling paradigms – oppositions, and anaphors in the media supporting processes of radicalization of opinions and points of view. From the „Charlie Hebdo“ attacks when cartoons became a point of conflict to the New York Times decision to cease publishing cartoons in the newspaper. The accumulated archive of reactions outlines the contemporary discourse of political cartooning by, despite initial empathy, increasingly placing it outside the pages of mainstream media or outside the boundaries of media tolerance.
Семантично анотиране на маркетингови комуникации в Мрежата чрез schema.org: потенциали употреби

Семантично анотиране на маркетингови комуникации в Мрежата чрез schema.org: потенциали употреби
(Semantic annotation of marketing communications on the Web through schema.org: potential usage)

  • Author(s):Teodora Petkova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:190-200
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:digital marketing; marketing communication; web content; semantic annotation; schema.org; Web
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to analyze the potential of the formalized descriptions provided by the schema.org initiative for marketing communications content. The research outlines the affordances of semantic annotations with schema.org and their connection to creating effective and engaging digital marketing communications on the World Wide Web.
Работа с факти и данни в комуникационната кампания на МВР Пловдив „Цвете на пътя“

Работа с факти и данни в комуникационната кампания на МВР Пловдив „Цвете на пътя“
(Fact-checking and data journalism in the communication campaign of Plovdiv Traffic Police “Flower on the Road”:)

  • Author(s):Maya Vasileva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:201-212
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:media literacy; fact-checking; data journalism; campaign slogan ideas; critical thinking skills; issue communication
  • Summary/Abstract:The Traffic Police in Bulgaria’s second-largest city of Plovdiv continues its traditional communication campaign for March 8 – “Flower on the Road”. Police inspectors stopped female drivers, not for inspection, but to hang flowers and a heart-shaped card. In this way, policemen reminded the ladies how important they were and that someone was waiting for them to get home safely. Launched as an international police communication campaign in several countries, the initiative aimed to show respect for International Women’s Day but also to prevent risky driving for drivers. The police spokesman presented to the public campaign slogan ideas that can be analyzed through methods of fact-checking and data journalism. Rethinking the concept of media literacy and issue communication practices, a group of young scholars worked on proceedings in this case study.
Измерване ефективността на мултимедийната презентационна компетентност във видеоконферентна платформа – комуникативни и семиотични аспекти

Измерване ефективността на мултимедийната презентационна компетентност във видеоконферентна платформа – комуникативни и семиотични аспекти
(The concept of Measuring the effectiveness of multimedia presentation competence in a video conferencing platform – communicative and semiotic aspects)

  • Author(s):Kiril Yanev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:213-223
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:multimedia presentation; performance; key indicators; verbal; visual; vocal communication
  • Summary/Abstract:Multimedia Presentation Index – MPI is the author’s conceptual model and methodology for measuring performance in presentation. It is based on the Balance ScoreCards (BSC’s), methodology used to assess the effectiveness of business processes. The philosophical essence of communication, respectively of presentation as a process, could be understood through the prism of the integrating triad of the communication cycle „Function-Form-Content”. These are factors that play a key role in measuring the effectiveness of any public event. As performance indicators for the effectiveness of an activity in BSCs are used key performance indicators – KPIs (Key Performance Indicators), objectively selected criteria with clearly defined indicators and norms for assessing the progress of an activity. The proposed author‘s methodology MPI with Internet application is designed to serve as a reliable interactive tool for objective assessment of the communicative competence and effectiveness of the presenter.
ПР компетенции и медийна грамотност на болничния мениджмънт в България

ПР компетенции и медийна грамотност на болничния мениджмънт в България
(PR competencies and media literacy of hospital management in Bulgaria)

  • Author(s):Valentina Marinova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:224-232
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:hospitals; communications; PR; crisis; healthcare
  • Summary/Abstract:The article examines the challenges facing hospitals in Bulgaria in the field of PR communications. The difficulties of hospitals in their attempts to communicate with the public without the help of PR specialists are discussed. Examples have been given of why hospital managers justify the lack of PR communications. The text analyzes the new opportunities for communication and quick feedback provided by new technologies and communication channels. What changes are leading to the crisis in the relations between the hospitals themselves and their branch organizations? Increasing the audibility and unanimity between medical institutions, government agencies, and the national health insurer. In conclusion, the benefits of the opportunities for communication between patients and hospitals, and their expanded opportunities through the use of social media are presented. The usefulness for the health of the citizens from the increase of their health education.
Society’s potential for deliberative communication – how it is related to the media and communication-related competencies

Society’s potential for deliberative communication – how it is related to the media and communication-related competencies
(Society’s potential for deliberative communication – how it is related to the media and communication-related competencies)

  • Author(s):Halliki Harro-Loit
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:235-243
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:deliberative communication; media and communication-related competencies
  • Summary/Abstract:The idea of deliberation and its possible benefits for high-functioning democracy has been regularly addressed in political philosophy and political science. Democratic governance requires high-quality communication that helps to increase public engagement, trust, and dialogic communication between different societal groups, therefore deliberation is usually discussed from a democratic perspective. In the era of information overload and increasing poverty of attention, mediatization, hate speech, opinion polarization, and problems concerning the spread of mis- and misinformation – it is important to ask what would be the conditions and factors that support the potential of deliberative communication in a society.
Reapprisig the debate on media-related competencies in Bulgaria

Reapprisig the debate on media-related competencies in Bulgaria
(Reapprisig the debate on media-related competencies in Bulgaria)

  • Author(s):Lilia Raycheva
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:244-251
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:media literacy; politics; civil rights: debates; audiences
  • Summary/Abstract:Nowadays media are among the main factors of the deliberative democracy, which should ensure fair and reasonable debate among citizens. Traditional and modern internet-based media affect citizens’ daily lives, politics, and society. Although social media allow the public to express their opinions, share content, and communicate in a personalized way, often they are open to manipulation and thus they hamper the public debates on substantial civic issues. The concept of media literacy addresses the potential of contemporary societies for their resilience to the negative effects of such phenomena as diminishing public trust and severely polarized politics. The text presents three cases in Bulgaria, based on the indicators of media freedom, education, and trust in the institutions outlined by the Media Literacy Index: social protests (2013-2020), the COVID-19 epidemic, and the parliamentary election campaigns on Facebook (April 04; July 11 and November 14, 2021).
How to find evidence concerning media literacy: methodological considerations

How to find evidence concerning media literacy: methodological considerations
(How to find evidence concerning media literacy: methodological considerations)

  • Author(s):Ragne Kõuts-Klemm
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:252-257
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:media and information literacy; measurement; index
  • Summary/Abstract:Media and information literacy (MIL) is a complex phenomenon. It needs careful design of the measurement instruments. The Media Literacy Index by the Open Society Institute in Sofia has made great attempts to build such an instrument. Improvement is still possible. The reading and writing skills of adult populations (PIAAC study) can be taken into account too, the level of digital skills (DESI) and the healthy skepticism towards media can be seen as the next cornerstones to build an instrument that comprises individual and structural level variables in the analysis.
Theoretical concept of media related competencies

Theoretical concept of media related competencies
(Theoretical concept of media related competencies)

  • Author(s):Slavomír Gálik, Norbert Vrabec
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:258-267
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:media; digital media; media users; media competencies; media literacy
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to reflect the concept of „media-related competencies” with a particular focus on „media users”. Based on secondary empirical research data analysis, we developed the conceptual model based on a broad spectrum of individual, social, and institutional domains. We discuss the potential of the conceptual variables based on their possibilities and risks for media communication, especially for deliberative communication. The theoretical study approach is focused on the connection between the medium and the user and takes a holistic and anthropological approach. This connection is anchored in social practice while also including individual sets of competencies adopted in media use and strengthened through lifelong learning. Media user competencies are a highly contextualized subject that encompasses interpretation, the formation of shared meanings, and the capacity to access, analyze, evaluate, and generate communications in several circumstances.
Обучение по време на криза или как българската образователна система отговори на удара

Обучение по време на криза или как българската образователна система отговори на удара
(Training during a crisis or how the Bulgarian education system responded to the blow)

  • Author(s):Greta Dermendjieva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Education, Media studies, Communication studies, School education, Higher Education , State/Government and Education, Distance learning / e-learning
  • Page Range:271-281
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:COVID-19; pandemic; online education; reformation; blended learning; education system
  • Summary/Abstract:COVID-19 defiantly threw down the gauntlet to established teaching methods around the world. The report examines the impact of the pandemic on global education, drawing on experience and changes in foreign education systems. The study aims to seek answers to questions such as: To what extent has the Bulgarian education system and its participants shown a resource to respond to the crisis?; More benefits or harms bring the urgent transition from in-person to online training?; Does the „step-by-step” reformation have the potential to grow into a new kind of education?”, and many more. The report also considers the prerequisites for the failures/successes of distance learning, including teachers‘ and students‘ levels of digital and media literacy and the role of the media and social networks in asserting or questioning its effectiveness.
Изследване на взаимовръзката между медийната грамотност и дигиталните умения

Изследване на взаимовръзката между медийната грамотност и дигиталните умения
(Investigations of the relationship between media literacy and digital skills)

  • Author(s):Mariela Modeva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Education, Media studies, Communication studies, Distance learning / e-learning
  • Page Range:282-289
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:media literacy; digital skills; training; educational environment
  • Summary/Abstract:The report presents a study of the relationship between media literacy and digital skills, which relates to the generation growing up with digital media and surrounded by digital technologies. It differs from previous generations in the way they use new technologies and thinking. The following three questions were asked in the study: does this generation differ from previous generations in terms of the use of the Internet and new technologies; is the studied generation technologically / digitally competent; there is a causal link between media literacy and digital skills?
Дигиталните по рождение в преживяване на социалните деструкции

Дигиталните по рождение в преживяване на социалните деструкции
(Digital natives in survival of social destruction)

  • Author(s):Atanas Lozanov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:290-298
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:digital natives; Homo Digitalis; infoxication; virtuality; remix; transformation
  • Summary/Abstract:Civilization is at the pinnacle of a delightful global transformation, but infoxification1 unfortunately also causes errors in the system. At least three generations of Digital Natives have been born since the beginning of the Digital age. They differ in the threshold of anxiety about their existence, importance, and role in the new communication and information environment. The uncertainty in their own identity, originality of experience, and the meaning of self-conscious access to Knowledge among Digital Natives 3.0 catalyze some social anomalies and pose risks for the future. The Holographic perception replaces the generation of emotional memory, virtuality encourages mimicry, and remix culture erases the last traces of the authentic historicity of events, circumstances, and processes. The red line between intuitive mastery of digital technologies and the risk of dangerous control delusions is not clear either.
Уикипедия и медийна грамотност – подобряване уменията за критично мислене и разбиране за дигитална среда чрез редактиране на Уикипедия

Уикипедия и медийна грамотност – подобряване уменията за критично мислене и разбиране за дигитална среда чрез редактиране на Уикипедия
(Wikipedia and media literacy – improving critical thinking skills and understanding of the digital environment by editing Wikipedia)

  • Author(s):Justine Toms
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Education, Media studies, Communication studies, Distance learning / e-learning
  • Page Range:299-304
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Wikipedia; media literacy; Internet; critical thinking; digital skills; editing
  • Summary/Abstract:How Wikipedia is changing media consumption and how is attracting new editors and contributors? How editing Wikipedia can help develop media literacy? Data and comparison of edits and communities for the English language version and the Bulgarian one.
Медийна грамотност в условията на дигитални предизвикателства

Медийна грамотност в условията на дигитални предизвикателства
(Media literacy in the context of digital challenges)

  • Author(s):Miroslava Tsenkova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:305-314
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:media literacy; fake news; misinformation; phishing attacks; cyberbullying
  • Summary/Abstract:The accelerated penetration of digital technologies in all spheres of public life has led to a complete change in media communication, which in turn provided an opportunity for easy access to all types of information, as well as for active participation of users in the continuous flow of communication. Information in the media is a key factor when making important decisions in personal and professional aspects. At the same time consumers are exposed to various impacts and threats caused by digitalization, which requires the development of skills for analysis and evaluation of information content, detection of fraud in the digital space, such as: phishing attacks, misinformation and cyberbullying. The purpose of the report is to emphasize the importance of building media literacy of participants in digital communication, indicating the necessary techniques and tools for recognizing fake news for personal data protection, and for developing critical thinking, as a prevention against various manipulative effects.
Достоверност на информацията в новинарския текст

Достоверност на информацията в новинарския текст
(Reliability of the information in the news text)

  • Author(s):Andreana Eftimova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:317-325
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:reliability; media text; text grammar; spelling; orthographic characteristics
  • Summary/Abstract:The research of reliability can be performed through two approaches: (1) monitoring the content of the information or (2) assessing the addressee’s attitude to certain characteristics of the text. The second approach was demonstrated by consulting a group of media audiences. The results show that several deviations from grammatical, spelling, and orthographic text characteristics play an important role in determining the problematic authenticity and unreliability of the media text. The influence is usually indirect: non-normative linguistic manifestations reduce the credibility of the issue and the author of the text, and as a consequence, reduce confidence in the veracity of news content.
За компонента менте-/-менте в българския журналистически медиен дискурс (когнитивно-комуникативен похват)

За компонента менте-/-менте в българския журналистически медиен дискурс (когнитивно-комуникативен похват)
(About the component менте-/-менте in the Bulgarian journalistic media discourse (cognitive-communicative approach))

  • Author(s):Natalia Długosz
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:326-336
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:compound structures; component менте-/-менте; Bulgarian language; journalistic media discourse
  • Summary/Abstract:In the present article, the ways of functioning of compound structures with the component менте-/-менте in Bulgarian journalistic texts are described. In the media language, this component is found in several semantic profiles, which are mentioned here and which have not been included in any of the lexicographic registers of the Bulgarian language thus far. The compound structures with the component менте-/-менте cease to function as nominal phrases and become more similar to compound words, based on nominal phrases. This is also how these constructions are perceived by conceptualizers. Just in the process of conceptualization, the overall character of these compound structures is revealed. The analysis of the linguistic material is conducted with the use of an integrated cognitive and communicative methodology. Derivatives are analyzed in the context of actual language use.
Фалшива новина във фейсбук

Фалшива новина във фейсбук
(Fake news on Facebook)

  • Author(s):Vladimir Dosev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:337-347
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:fake news; Facebook; media literacy
  • Summary/Abstract:Nowadays, social media is one of the most popular information sources, especially for the new generations. On the other hand, fake news on the Internet has become increasingly dangerous over the last few years. According to the Media Literacy Index for 2021 by the European Policies Initiative (EuPI), Bulgaria ranks last in the European Union in terms of resistance to the spread of fake news. This article aims to describe some of the most significant features of fake news in Bulgarian language on Facebook. The article investigates а fake news about the vaccination against COVID-19 in 2021. The applied method is critical discourse analysis.
Медийните изследвания в комплекса езикови и социални умения

Медийните изследвания в комплекса езикови и социални умения
(Media studies in the complex of language and social competence)

  • Author(s):Elena Tarasheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:348-357
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:media studies; media literacy; assessment; syllabus; curriculum; plurilingual competence
  • Summary/Abstract:The article construes Media Literacy as a concept in Test Theory, including knowledge and skills. The historical development of introducing its set of features into education at the high-school level in England and Canada is traced in time, highlighting the rationale and objectives behind each adoption. Finally, a curriculum is presented created for a course in Media Studies integrated into foreign language learning adapted for Bulgarian tertiary education.
Разбирането на медиен текст като част от медийната грамотност

Разбирането на медиен текст като част от медийната грамотност
(Understanding media text as a part of media literacy)

  • Author(s):Neli Ilieva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:358-370
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:media text; media literacy, education; functional literacy
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper examines the understanding of media texts and their role as a prerequisite for media literacy among high school students. It was developed based on several studies on students‘ reading skills, a key element of functional literacy. The questions addressed within the paper concern the role of media texts in education, as well as how they enhance students‘ reading skills and their development as persons with high potential for success in society. It concludes that media texts are a resource that – when used aptly – can increase the levels of reading literacy and functional literacy among students.
Влияние на медиите върху установяването на формата на чуждите собствени имена на български език

Влияние на медиите върху установяването на формата на чуждите собствени имена на български език
(Media Influence on Establishing of the Form of the Foreign Proper Names in Bulgarian)

  • Author(s):Zhaneta Zlateva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:371-375
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:media influence; foreign proper names; establishing of the form
  • Summary/Abstract:As well known, the media is one of the main sources of how foreign proper names become part of the language. The paper discusses the influence that media have on establishing the form of the foreign proper names in Bulgarian and investigates in what kind of cases variability of the form is appropriate and in which cases it is not permissible, as it does not follow the orthographic rules in this part of the normative complex.
Правописни затруднения при нови думи в медийни текстове

Правописни затруднения при нови думи в медийни текстове
(Difficulties with new words spelling in media texts)

  • Author(s):Iliyana Kuneva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:376-380
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:new words spelling; spelling rules; spelling difficulties; Bulgarian; media texts
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper discusses cases of difficult adaptation of words from foreign languages to the spelling rules in Bulgarian. For example, the specific financial terms call option and put option are used in Bulgarian by transcription of the first word, but they are rarely written according to the spelling rules as a one word: колопция and путопция, as these variants are uninformative. The pursuit of transparency of meaning leads to graphic variations, which seek to make the two components more clearly distinguishable, most often preferring the separate writing кол опция. Attempts to avoid graphic merging of the two components into one word are the reason for spelling fluctuations, which would be a problem for codifying the spelling of these word types in the future.
  • Price: 6.00 €
Проблеми при изграждането на лийда в новинарските текстове

Проблеми при изграждането на лийда в новинарските текстове
(Problems in building the lead in news articles)

  • Author(s):Silvia Koeva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:381-392
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Internet as mass medium; lead; headline; secondary lead
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper focuses on some departures from the common rules regarding writing the news leads, which can be often spotted on popular Bulgarian websites. It describes what other types of linguistic errors are combined with them and what is the effect on the process of text reception. The paper also attempts to define which of the analyzed characteristics are deliberately used.
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