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Domination and adaptation Cover Image

Надмощие и приспособяване
Domination and adaptation

Volume II, Linguistics

Contributor(s): Ekaterina Tarpomanova (Editor), Krasimira Aleksova (Editor)
Subject(s): Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Foreign languages learning, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Philology, Translation Studies
Published by: Факултет по славянски филологии, Софийски университет »Св. Кл. Охридски«
Keywords: linguistics;Slavic linguistics;Bulgarian language;
Summary/Abstract: In contemporary linguistics a lot of approaches aim to interpret the language phenomena. However, as a rule of thumb they often prioritize a certain language level over the others. Formal language description or traditional linguistic analysis, synchronous or diachronous approach, morphological or syntactic level... The clashes of various ideas, languages and language phenomena are a possibility for mutual reconciliation.

  • E-ISBN-13: 978-619-7433-09-8
  • Print-ISBN-13: 978-619-7433-08-1
  • Page Count: 488
  • Publication Year: 2017
  • Language: English, Bulgarian
ЕВРОПЕЙСКАТА ЕЗИКОВА СИТУАЦИЯ ДНЕС – НАДМОЩИЕ И ПРИСПОСОБЯВАНЕ

ЕВРОПЕЙСКАТА ЕЗИКОВА СИТУАЦИЯ ДНЕС – НАДМОЩИЕ И ПРИСПОСОБЯВАНЕ
(THE LANGUAGE SITUATION IN EUROPE TODAY – DOMINATION AND ADAPTATION)

  • Author(s):Mihail Videnov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:11-18
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:language situation; globalization; Americanization; emigration; immigration
  • Summary/Abstract:In this work some very important questions are addressed concerning the Bulgarian linguistic situation of sociolinguistic viewpoint. An overview of the language situation in today’s Europe is made with a special focus on globalization and the role of English in this process, taking into account the opinion that globalization is in fact Americanization. Finally, the status of the language situation in Bulgarian emigration is discussed.
SUFFIXES THAT CREATE HYPOCORISTIC FEMININE NAMES IN THE SERBIAN ANTHROPONYMY

SUFFIXES THAT CREATE HYPOCORISTIC FEMININE NAMES IN THE SERBIAN ANTHROPONYMY
(SUFFIXES THAT CREATE HYPOCORISTIC FEMININE NAMES IN THE SERBIAN ANTHROPONYMY)

  • Author(s):Anca-Maria Bercaru
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:21-26
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Serbian anthroponymy; feminine names; suffixation
  • Summary/Abstract:The Serbian system of personal names contains three major categories of anthroponyms: traditional names, Christian names and modern names. In the present paper we are submitting to analysis the formation of the feminine hypocoristic forms through the process of derivation with suffixes. The inventory of Serbian feminine names is rich in derivatives and derived hypocoristic names. Feminine hypocoristic forms created through derivation present the following structure: a vowel root, extracted usually from the theme of compound names, a suffix and a feminine desinence, such as is the example of the feminine names Ra-č-a, Ra-j-a, Ra-š-a, created with the suffixes -č-a, -j-a, -š-a from the vowel root Ra-, extracted from the theme Rad- of the compound names Radmila, Radoslava.
ДЕМИНУТИВИ В ОНТОГЕНЕЗАТА: ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ МЕЖДУ ЕЗИКОВИ РАВНИЩА

ДЕМИНУТИВИ В ОНТОГЕНЕЗАТА: ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ МЕЖДУ ЕЗИКОВИ РАВНИЩА
(DIMINUTIVES IN ONTOGENY: INTERACTION BETWEEN SOME LANGUAGE LEVELS)

  • Author(s):Juliana Stoyanova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:27-34
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:diminutives in CDS; prosodic models; intervocalic clusters; morphophonological alternations; word-formation models
  • Summary/Abstract:Abstract. The purpose of this study is to discuss, on the basis of Bulgarian naturalistic data, the claims according to which the use of diminutives in CDS is beneficial for the early language acquisition. On the basis of previous cross-linguistic investigations, some hypotheses are formulated and tested against the Bulgarian material: diminutives in the Bulgarian CDS increase the frequency of difficult phonemes (the affricates /tʃ/) and /ts/), as well as of intervocalic consonant clusters in the input which may aid their relative early mastering; diminutives offer the children an increased number of derived nouns with relative transparent word-formation structure accompanied by typical and widespread morpho-phonological alternations, and thus help them learn some basic rules by means of which different types of nouns are built. The analyses of the Bulgarian data confirm these hypotheses and reveal how some language specific characteristics of diminutives may influence acquisition.
ЗВУКОИЗОБРАЖЕНИЕ – КОМУНИКАТИВНО ПРИСПОСОБЯВАНЕ НА БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ИДЕОФОНИ

ЗВУКОИЗОБРАЖЕНИЕ – КОМУНИКАТИВНО ПРИСПОСОБЯВАНЕ НА БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ИДЕОФОНИ
(SOUND DEPICTION – COMMUNICATIVE ADAPTATION OF THE BULGARIAN IDEOPHONES)

  • Author(s):Mira Kovacheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:35-44
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:ideophones; spoken language; mimesis; semantic change
  • Summary/Abstract:As a typological category ideophones are phonologically and grammatically marked wordsthat depict sensory imagery. It is common to confuse ideophones with interjections but they have distinct meanings. They may be onomatopoeic but not necessarily – their iconicity may represent sensorimotor simulations, too, such as trajectory or manner of movement. They are typical of spoken language as depictions in contrast to description, which is the usual mode of linguistic expression. Bulgarian ideophones have their respective cognate verbs. Alternatively, verbs can be clipped to form ideophones. This is an interesting case of adapting lexical material as depictive tools in spontaneous spoken language. The paper discusses a case in which the interaction between the descriptive and depictive mode of communication goes one step further: the verb цъфвам/цъфна “to (burst in) flower” seems to have developed the meaning “to appear suddenly”under the influence of an ideophone with the same value.
ЗА СИНТАКТИЧНИТЕ ВРЪЗКИ В БЪЛГАРСКОТО ИЗРЕЧЕНИЕ

ЗА СИНТАКТИЧНИТЕ ВРЪЗКИ В БЪЛГАРСКОТО ИЗРЕЧЕНИЕ
(ON THE SYNTACTIC RELATIONS IN BULGARIAN)

  • Author(s):Petya Osenova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:44-51
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:syntactic relations; Bulgarian; agreement; government; prepositional linking; apposition
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper focuses onthe traditional understanding of the syntactic relations that are relevant for Bulgarian. These are: agreement, government, prepositional linking and apposition.Although in the Bulgarian linguistic literature there exist some similar observations, they are not quite consistently discussed. This survey suggests a structured typology of the syntactic relations. It shows more systematically that the surface syntactic relation might differ from the underlying one and thatthere is a possibility of accommodating two syntactic relations among two lexical elements that make a constituent.
ЛЕКСИКАЛНИ, ГРАМАТИЧНИ И СИНТАКТИЧНИ СРЕДСТВА ЗА ИЗРАЗЯВАНЕ НА ПРЕДПОЛОЖЕНИЕ В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК

ЛЕКСИКАЛНИ, ГРАМАТИЧНИ И СИНТАКТИЧНИ СРЕДСТВА ЗА ИЗРАЗЯВАНЕ НА ПРЕДПОЛОЖЕНИЕ В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК
(LEXICAL, GRAMMATICAL AND SYNTACTIC MEANS FOR EXPRESSING PRESUMPTION IN BULGARIAN)

  • Author(s):Ekaterina Tarpomanova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:52-59
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:presumption; presumptive; language levels
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper discusses three means of expressing presumption in Bulgarian: lexical (words whose lexical semantics expresses presumption), grammatical (verbal forms of the so-called presumptive), and syntactic (constructions with a presumptive meaning). Bulgarian is one of the few Indo-European languages with a (partial) grammaticalisation of presumptive forms, but they remain peripheral for the language system. This fact can be explained with the domination of the lexical means, which have less usage restrictions.
ЗА БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ИНДИКАТИВЕН РЕЛАТИВЕН ФУТУР И НЕГОВИТЕ БЪЛГАРСКИ И ЧЕШКИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛНИ ЕКВИВАЛЕНТИ

ЗА БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ИНДИКАТИВЕН РЕЛАТИВЕН ФУТУР И НЕГОВИТЕ БЪЛГАРСКИ И ЧЕШКИ ФУНКЦИОНАЛНИ ЕКВИВАЛЕНТИ
(ABOUT THE BULGARIAN INDICATIVE RELATIVE FUTURE AND ITS BULGARIAN AND CZECH FUNCTIONAL EQUIVALENTS)

  • Author(s):Stilian Stoychev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:60-66
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Bulgarian; Czech; grammatical asymmetry; functional equivalent; relative future
  • Summary/Abstract:The subject matter of the paper are instances of competition between different linguistic means of expression of the complex content ‘relative sequence’ in Bulgarian and grammatical asymmetry between Bulgarian and Czech in this area of verbal variation. The paper examines word forms of indicative relative future in Bulgarian and some of their functional equivalents in Bulgarian and mostly in Czech. The purpose of the paper is to study the theoretical grounds for choosing one or another solution in the translation of the mentioned verbal forms from Bulgarian in Czech.
ЗА НЯКОИ АКТУАЛНИ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ В УПОТРЕБАТА НА ИМПЕРФЕКТА

ЗА НЯКОИ АКТУАЛНИ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ В УПОТРЕБАТА НА ИМПЕРФЕКТА
(ON SOME ACTUAL TRENDS IN THE USAGE OF IMPERFECT)

  • Author(s):Stefka Fetvadzhieva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:67-76
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:imperfect; aorist; grammatical person; plural
  • Summary/Abstract:This study examines tendencies in the use of one of the tenses of modern Bulgarian language – Imperfect. In many cases it is replaced by Aorist. Examples of social media are discussed. Inquiry about these uses was realized. Participants (N=164) had to fill gaps in the questionnaire, using the right form (according to their feeling) of the verb given. About 35% of the participants replaced the iterative and the continuative Imperfect by Aorist or Present Perfect when the verb is plural or 1 singular. When the verb is 3 singular such replacement is not observed: 99% of participants used Imperfect. The reasons of this misuse are discussed.
БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ПРИГЛАГОЛНИ И ПРИИМЕННИ ПРОНОМИНАЛНИ КЛИТИКИ – В СБЛЪСЪК ЗА НАДМОЩИЕ ИЛИ В СЪЖИТЕЛСТВО

БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ ПРИГЛАГОЛНИ И ПРИИМЕННИ ПРОНОМИНАЛНИ КЛИТИКИ – В СБЛЪСЪК ЗА НАДМОЩИЕ ИЛИ В СЪЖИТЕЛСТВО
(BULGARIAN PRONOMINAL (VERBAL AND ADNOMINAL) CLITICS – IN A CLASH FOR PREDOMINANCE OR IN CO-EXISTENCE)

  • Author(s):Krasimira Hadzhieva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:77-84
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Bulgarian pronominal clitics; verbal clitics; possessive adnominal enclitics; external and internal possessors
  • Summary/Abstract:The group of Bulgarian pronominal clitics incorporates verb-adjacent pronominal clitics (the short accusative and dative forms of the personal pronouns and those of the reflexive personal pronouns) and adnominal pronominal enclitics expressing possessive relations. The clitic dative forms of personal pronouns and the clitic possessive forms overlap completely since the forms that function as possessive clitics are in fact redefined short dative forms of the personal pronouns. A process is at hand in which clitic pronouns that express an indirect object develop a new basic function – expressing a possessor. Many researchers share the opinion that only one type of dative clitics is present in Modern Bulgarian which may occur verb-adjacent as well as in adnominal position. This article claims that Bulgarian possessive enclitics form a separate group within the pool of Bulgarian pronominal clitics and their exploration needs to be emancipated from that of verbal clitics. Yet, there is a point of intersection between verb-adjacent dative clitics and possessive adnominal enclitics – the former can code possessive relations under certain pragmatic conditions by introducing external possessors (as regards possessive enclitics they convey possessive relations by introducing internal possessors).
ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ МЕЖДУ ПРАГМАТИКА, СЕМАНТИКА И СИНТАКСИС В СЛОВОРЕДНИТЕ МОДЕЛИ НА ГЛАГОЛНАТА ФРАЗА

ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ МЕЖДУ ПРАГМАТИКА, СЕМАНТИКА И СИНТАКСИС В СЛОВОРЕДНИТЕ МОДЕЛИ НА ГЛАГОЛНАТА ФРАЗА
(INTERACTION BETWEEN PRAGMATICS, SEMANTICS AND SYNTAX IN THE WORD ORDER MODELS OF VP)

  • Author(s):Elisaveta Balabanova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:85-92
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:word order; semantics; pragmatics; syntax
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with word order models in Bulgarian VP. Two word order models in VP are examined: 1) subject – modal expression – verb – object; 2) (subject) – verb – modal expression – object. The analysis shows that these word order models are a result from the communicative intention of the speaker to express certain content. The results from the analysis also show that semantic and syntactic constraints are imposed on this communicative intention of the speaker. As a result, pragmatic, syntactic and semantic factors are in interplay when the observed word order models are realized.
ЛЕКСИКАЛНИТЕ И СТИЛИСТИЧНИ ПРОМЕНИ В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК ПРЕЗ ПОСЛЕДНИТЕ СЕДЕМДЕСЕТ ГОДИНИ (ПО МАТЕРИАЛИ ОТ СБОРНИКА „АЗ ЖИВЯХ СОЦИАЛИЗМА“)

ЛЕКСИКАЛНИТЕ И СТИЛИСТИЧНИ ПРОМЕНИ В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК ПРЕЗ ПОСЛЕДНИТЕ СЕДЕМДЕСЕТ ГОДИНИ (ПО МАТЕРИАЛИ ОТ СБОРНИКА „АЗ ЖИВЯХ СОЦИАЛИЗМА“)
(LEXICAL AND STYLISTIC CHANGES IN BULGARIAN LANGUAGE OVER THE LAST SEVENTY YEARS)

  • Author(s):Mariola Walczak-Mikołajczakowa
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:95-102
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Bulgarian language; vocabulary; stylistics; changes
  • Summary/Abstract:In 2004, a contest on memories of the Bulgarians from the period of socialism has been put online. Its effect is a book Аз живях социализма published by 45 Жанет, which collected 171 personal memories and stories submitted from all over the world. Their authors are people of different ages (from 82 to 21 years). They are, therefore, people using both in speech and in writing very diverse Bulgarian. Article aims to choose from the texts included in the book the most important features of language which are typical for specific generations of the Bulgarian language users. Observations are conducted on two levels: lexical and stylistic. The findings resulting from the analysis show how Bulgarian language evolved in the period after World War II, what its features should be regarded today as archaic, and which are the most recent phenomena.
АКЦЕНТНИ ОСОБЕНОСТИ НА ЧЛЕННАТА МОРФЕМА В РАННАТА ИСТОРИЯ НА СКАНДИНАВСКИТЕ ЕЗИЦИ И НА БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК – МЕЖДУ САМОСТОЯТЕЛНОСТ И ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ НА ЕНКЛИТИКИТЕ

АКЦЕНТНИ ОСОБЕНОСТИ НА ЧЛЕННАТА МОРФЕМА В РАННАТА ИСТОРИЯ НА СКАНДИНАВСКИТЕ ЕЗИЦИ И НА БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК – МЕЖДУ САМОСТОЯТЕЛНОСТ И ИНТЕГРАЦИЯ НА ЕНКЛИТИКИТЕ
(ACCENTUAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE DEFINITE ARTICLE IN THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE NORDIC LANGUAGES AND BULGARIAN – BETWEEN ISOLATION AND INTEGRATION OF ENCLITICS)

  • Author(s):Vladimir Naydenov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:103-110
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:accent; definite article; enclitic, Nordic; Slavic
  • Summary/Abstract:In the Nordic languages as well as in Bulgarian, an enclitic demonstrative has developed into a suffixed article. However, whereas the Nordic article typically does not alter the accentuation of the resulting word form in relation to the base, the Bulgarian one often attracts stress. Two factors appear to have contributed to this. First, in the Nordic languages but not in Bulgarian, the morphosyntactic independence of clitics seems to have overridden their tendency to become integrated into the accentual unit of the host. Second, in the course of their history, the Nordic languages have acquired lexical tone, whereas Bulgarian, conversely, has replaced the Proto-Slavic pitch accent system with one of dynamic stress. Nevertheless, a possible partial parallel to the Nordic development may be present in the definite forms of words of accent paradigm (b).
ЕДИН ХАПАКС ОТ СУПРАСЪЛСКИЯ СБОРНИК И ПРОБЛЕМИТЕ ОКОЛО ПРЕВОДА НА ЕДИН СТАРОЗАВЕТЕН ЦИТАТ

ЕДИН ХАПАКС ОТ СУПРАСЪЛСКИЯ СБОРНИК И ПРОБЛЕМИТЕ ОКОЛО ПРЕВОДА НА ЕДИН СТАРОЗАВЕТЕН ЦИТАТ
(A HAPAX LEGOMENON FROM THE CODEX SUPRASLIENSIS AND THE TRANSLATION PROBLEMS OF A BIBLICAL CITATION)

  • Author(s):Elka Mircheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:110-116
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:historical lexicology; historical lexicography; text corpuses; Slavonic Bible
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper discusses the lexeme нанѣмь – a hapax of the Codex Suprasliensis. Its appearance is related to the theological interpretation and the reception of a quotation from Isaiah’s Old Testament prophecy. The study offers adjustments to the definitions of the word and its textual variations in the manuscripts found in the lexicographical repertories.
ЛEКСИКАЛНИ ДАННИ ЗА ГРАДСКАТА СРЕДА СПОРЕД СЛАВЯНСКИЯ ПРЕВОД НА ПРОХИРОНА

ЛEКСИКАЛНИ ДАННИ ЗА ГРАДСКАТА СРЕДА СПОРЕД СЛАВЯНСКИЯ ПРЕВОД НА ПРОХИРОНА
(LEXICAL DATA ABOUT THE CITY MILIEU ACCORDING TO THE SLAVONIC TRANSLATION OF PROCHIRON)

  • Author(s):Mariyana Tsibranska-Kostova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:117-124
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Prochiron; Medieval town; historical lexicology
  • Summary/Abstract:The article discusses some terms from the architectural view of the medieval town, excerpted from chapter 38th of the Procheiros Nomos, or Zakon gradskiy. The author aims at demonstrating how the perception of the Medieval Town as a complex symbol stimulates the use of specific Slavonic words of terminological meaning. At the same time,the town-focused paradigm allows the interpretation to be carried out not in the prospective of ethnicity, linguistic domination and opposition, but from those of the universality and the Byzantine-Slavonic commonwealth
НАЗВАНИЯ НА ВОИНИТЕ В ИСТОРИЯТА НА БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК

НАЗВАНИЯ НА ВОИНИТЕ В ИСТОРИЯТА НА БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК
(MILITARY TERMS IN THE HISTORY OF BULGARIAN LANGUAGE)

  • Author(s):Vanya Micheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:125-132
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:military terms; history of Bulgarian literary language; Balkan languages
  • Summary/Abstract:The semantic realizations of the military terms in the history of Bulgarian literary language are examined in this paper. The linguistic facts of Оld Bulgarian manuscripts, New Bulgarian damascenes, Church Slavonic language and modern language are used. The system of phrases and sentences with military terms and its distribution in different contexts are analyzed in a relation with cultural situation in the Х–ХI and ХVII c., Christian ideas and strategy of the authors of Bulgarian manuscripts. Some Bulgarian military terms, that are used in Balkan languages: Greek, Turkish, Romanian, Albanian – are examined.
ЕТИМОЛОГИЧНИ БЕЛЕЖКИ ВЪРХУ ПРАСЛАВ. *(U)ŽAS-

ЕТИМОЛОГИЧНИ БЕЛЕЖКИ ВЪРХУ ПРАСЛАВ. *(U)ŽAS-
(ETYMOLOGICAL NOTES ON PROTO-SLAVIC *UŽAS)

  • Author(s):Bilyana Mihaylova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:132-139
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:etymology; Proto-Slavic; Indo-European; fear; emotions
  • Summary/Abstract:The article deals with the origin of Proto-Slavic *(u)žаs- ‘to frighten, fear’. Five etymological solutions have been discussed in order to determine the most convincing among them. It turns out that the most convincing hypothesis is the one that connects PSlav. *(u)žas- with the IE root *gwes- whose primary meaning is supposed to have been ‘to destroy’ (trans.), ‘to disappear, to go out, to perish’ (intrans.). The analysis proposed in this article allows us to explain both the long grade of root vowel and the displacement of non-prefixed verb forms by prefixed ones based on well-attested morphological proportions in Slavic.
ЕТИМОЛОГИЧЕН АНАЛИЗ НА ДУМИТЕ ЗА „ГНЯВ‘‘ В БАЛКАНСКИТЕ ЕЗИЦИ

ЕТИМОЛОГИЧЕН АНАЛИЗ НА ДУМИТЕ ЗА „ГНЯВ‘‘ В БАЛКАНСКИТЕ ЕЗИЦИ
(ETYMOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE WORDS FOR “ANGER” IN THE BALKAN LANGUAGES)

  • Author(s):Daniel Tomov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:140-150
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Balkan Sprachbund; Indo-European languages; etymological analysis; anger
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper describes the words for anger in Bulgarian, Romanian, Albanian and Greek. The first part is related to the definition of anger: Anger or wrath (rage) is an intense emotional response. It is an emotion that invloves a strong uncomfortable and emotional response to a provocation, pain or some kind of threat. This section explores the meanings of the term anger in all the languages mentioned above. The second part is related to the etymological analysis. Using as a base different types of dictionaries – defining, etymological and dictionaries of synonyms of the Balkan languages, the phonetic changes and the changes in the lexical and semantic structure of the words have been analyzed.
ПОЯВА И РАЗВИТИЕ НА ДУМАТА „ХАМЕЛЕОН“ В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК

ПОЯВА И РАЗВИТИЕ НА ДУМАТА „ХАМЕЛЕОН“ В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК
(THE SEMANTICS OF THE WORD CHAMELEON IN BULGARIAN)

  • Author(s):Velislava Stoykova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:150-157
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:semantics; lexicography; terminology
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper analyses the first usages of the word chameleon in Bulgarian. Its general semantics and related meanings are presented following the examples of its first usages from several sources of early printed schoolbooks from the period of National Revival. The analysis of the new usages resulting to new meanings is supported by related contextual usage examples taken from different authors. The corpus-based approach is applied to extract the usage examples with contemporary contexts of the word chameleon, which present new and specific semantics. The overview of the main trends of changes and evolution of the semantics of that word is presented in the conclusion.
THE PREDICATIVE INSTRUMENTAL IN RUSSIAN AND OTHER SLAVIC LANGUAGES – HISTORY AND ORIGIN

THE PREDICATIVE INSTRUMENTAL IN RUSSIAN AND OTHER SLAVIC LANGUAGES – HISTORY AND ORIGIN
(THE PREDICATIVE INSTRUMENTAL IN RUSSIAN AND OTHER SLAVIC LANGUAGES – HISTORY AND ORIGIN)

  • Author(s):Helmut Wilhelm Schaller
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:161-168
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:predicative instrumental; Slavic languages; Russian
  • Summary/Abstract:The fact that the predicative instrumental is not only in used in East- andWest Slavic languages but also in Modern Lithuanian makes it possible that this use is a result of a Baltic-Slavic community beside other common features, e.g. the use of Russian and Lithuanian genitive of objects in negated sentences. But there is also the possibility of a Finnish substratum in Russian because of the morpho-syntactic peculiarities in theModern Finnish language, as there are the “translative” as a case to denote a change of state or purpose and the “essive”, a case marking a temporary state as the grammatical category to denote a temporary quality. Both cases can be compared from a typological viewpoint, with the Baltic and Slavic predicative instrumental.
INTONATION AND CONVERGENCE: EVIDENCE FROM BULGARIAN JUDEO-SPANISH

INTONATION AND CONVERGENCE: EVIDENCE FROM BULGARIAN JUDEO-SPANISH
(INTONATION AND CONVERGENCE: EVIDENCE FROM BULGARIAN JUDEO-SPANISH)

  • Author(s):Bistra Andreeva, Snezhina Dimitrova, Christoph Gabriel, Anna Gazdik, Jonas Grünke
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:169-178
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:intonation; convergence; bilingualism; Bulgarian; Judeo-Spanish
  • Summary/Abstract:We address the intonation of Bulgarian Judeo-Spanish (Djudezmo), a diaspora variety of Spanish brought to the former Ottoman Empire by the Sephardic Jews after their expulsion from the Iberian Peninsula in the late 15th century and still spoken by their descendants in the respective communities. Based on readings of The North Wind and the Sun, recorded by four Djudezmo-Bulgarian bilinguals and four Bulgarian monolinguals (age: 79–88, sex: fem., data collection: Sofia 2011/2016) weshow that the bilingual speakers use the same inventory of pitch accents and boundary tones in both of their languages and that they differ from the Bulgarian monolinguals only in the frequencies of pre-nuclear H* and L+H* on penultimate stress words. This speaks in favor of convergence of Djudezmo with the speakers’ dominant language, Bulgarian, at the level of intonation.
PRONOMINAL CLITIC REARRANGEMENT (SE ME →ME SE) IN JUDEO-SPANISH NON-ACTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS AS BALKAN INFLUENCE

PRONOMINAL CLITIC REARRANGEMENT (SE ME →ME SE) IN JUDEO-SPANISH NON-ACTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS AS BALKAN INFLUENCE
(PRONOMINAL CLITIC REARRANGEMENT (SE ME →ME SE) IN JUDEO-SPANISH NON-ACTIVE CONSTRUCTIONS AS BALKAN INFLUENCE)

  • Author(s):Iskra Dobreva
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:178-186
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Judeo-Spanish; pronominal clitics
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper presents a change in Judeo-Spanish pronominal clitic sequence (dative and reflexive se me → me se) resulting from Balkan influence. Based on three Sephardic dramas from early XXth century, restructuring within the pronominal clitic cluster is detected: in contrast to reflexive initial clitic sequence (se me in Standard Spanish), Judeo-Spanish changed to dative initial (me se) in non-active constructions (nonselected arguments). On first sight, this change coincides with pronominal clitic sequences in Vernacular Spanish, but further detailed contrasts revealed distancing from Vernacular Spanish and approximation to Balkan languages. However, this rearrangement is found in 1 and 2 pers. pronominal dative clitics, while the 3 person remains unaffected (se le).
PRAGMATIC-SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF SOME WISHING ACTS IN ALBANIAN AND BULGARIAN

PRAGMATIC-SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF SOME WISHING ACTS IN ALBANIAN AND BULGARIAN
(PRAGMATIC-SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF SOME WISHING ACTS IN ALBANIAN AND BULGARIAN)

  • Author(s):Arsinela Xhara
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:186-193
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:speech acts; wishes; pragmatics; semantics
  • Summary/Abstract:The ways we use language in everyday communication is linked with the aim of pragmatics: we mean something and express it by a linguistic element. On the other hand, pragmatics is linked with other linguistics levels such as sematics, syntax, etc. The relation of pragmatics with semantics is mutual; we cannot produce an utterance without knowing the meaning of each word or the meaning of a sentence. The aim of this paper is to study some wishing acts used for engagement and wedding by Albanian and Bulgarian native speakers. The wishes taken under study are part of a qualitative applied research which I have conducted in my PhD thesis.
КОНЦЕПТЪТ ЗДРАВЕ – ПРИСПОСОБЯВАНЕ КЪМ ЗДРАВНАТА ПОЛИТИКА НА ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЯ СЪЮЗ (СЪПОСТАВКА НА БЪЛГАРСКИ И ПОЛСКИ ЕЗИКОВ МАТЕРИАЛ)

КОНЦЕПТЪТ ЗДРАВЕ – ПРИСПОСОБЯВАНЕ КЪМ ЗДРАВНАТА ПОЛИТИКА НА ЕВРОПЕЙСКИЯ СЪЮЗ (СЪПОСТАВКА НА БЪЛГАРСКИ И ПОЛСКИ ЕЗИКОВ МАТЕРИАЛ)
(THE CONCEPT OF HEALTH – ADAPTATION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION HEALTH POLICY (COMPARISON OF BULGARIAN AND POLISH LANGUAGE MATERIAL))

  • Author(s):Zhana Stancheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:193-200
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:European Union LSP’s; health; names of institution; collocation; Bulgarian; Polish
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper analyzes the adaptation of the lexical field of health in Languages for Specific Purposes (LSP) in the European Union. It focuses on the comparison and contrast of two Slavic languages – Bulgarian and Polish. The study aims to point out similarities and differences in the syntactic and lexical structure of names of institutions and collocations; to follow the use of international lexical components in them; to trace the domination of the English pattern. The findings demonstrate a lot of variations in the collocations in both languages, which confirms that the process of term-formation is still ongoing.
ПЕРФЕКТЪТ В СРЪБСКИЯ И В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК – ЗНАЧЕНИЯ, УПОТРЕБИ, ПРЕВОДИМОСТ

ПЕРФЕКТЪТ В СРЪБСКИЯ И В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК – ЗНАЧЕНИЯ, УПОТРЕБИ, ПРЕВОДИМОСТ
(SERBIAN AND BULGARIAN PERFECT TENSES – MEANING, USES, TRANSLATABILITY)

  • Author(s):Ivana Davitkov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:201-208
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:perfect; meaning and usage; translation problems
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper aims at showing the meanings and uses of the perfect tense in some of the grammars of Serbian and Bulgarian. For this purpose a short synopsis of the similarities and differences in usage of this tanse in Serbian and Bulgarian will be made and presented. The paper also aims at analyzing the various cases of translation equivalence of the perfect tense from the original text under identical conditions. The object of paper represents prose texts in Serbian translated more than once into Bulgarian.
ЗА УМАЛИТЕЛНОСТТА В БЪЛГАРСКИ И НЕМСКИ ЕЗИК

ЗА УМАЛИТЕЛНОСТТА В БЪЛГАРСКИ И НЕМСКИ ЕЗИК
(ABOUT DIMINUTION IN BULGARIAN AND GERMAN)

  • Author(s):Bisserka Veleva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:209-2017
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:diminutive nouns; Bulgarian and German language; contrastive analysis
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper emphasizes some fundamental features of my PhD dissertation on “The Contrastive Analysis of the Diminutives in the German and Bulgarian Languages”, where diminutive nouns are mentioned. The aim of this study is to trace some basic generalizations regarding the semantic category diminution. The analysis goes as comparison between the both languages, where special attention is focused on the basic phonological, word formation and grammar features, which are characteristic for the formation and the use of diminutives in the above mentioned languages. Special emphasize of this study is pointed towards the functional use of diminutives in the selection of original literary texts and on the transfer of diminution in their translations.
ПЪРВАТА ПУБЛИКУВАНА БЪЛГАРСКА ПОЕТИЧЕСКА ТВОРБА НА НОВОБЪЛГАРСКИ ЕЗИК (1793 г.)

ПЪРВАТА ПУБЛИКУВАНА БЪЛГАРСКА ПОЕТИЧЕСКА ТВОРБА НА НОВОБЪЛГАРСКИ ЕЗИК (1793 г.)
(THE FIRST PUBLISHED BULGARIAN POETRY IN MODERN BULGARIAN LANGUAGE (1793))

  • Author(s):Liliya Ilieva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:221-228
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Modern Bulgarian; Printed Poetry; Eighteenth century; Slavic Languages
  • Summary/Abstract:This article describes the newly discovered first poetry (lyrics) in Modern Bulgarian printed in 1793 in Rome as a part of a multilinigual book. The Bulgarian text was written by an unnamed Bulgarian student at a Catholic school who was well acquainted with the Cyrillic alphabet and the written tradition of the Bulgarian Orthodox literature and had also been heavily influenced by the tradition of the Dalmatian poetry.
КОНКУРЕНЦИЯ НА ПРИТЕЖАТЕЛНОТО И ВЪЗВРАТНО ПРИТЕЖАТЕЛНОТО МЕСТОИМЕНИЕ В ПРИЛОЖЕН АСПЕКТ

КОНКУРЕНЦИЯ НА ПРИТЕЖАТЕЛНОТО И ВЪЗВРАТНО ПРИТЕЖАТЕЛНОТО МЕСТОИМЕНИЕ В ПРИЛОЖЕН АСПЕКТ
(COMPETITION BETWEEN POSSESSIVE AND REFLEXIVEPOSSESSIVE PRONOUNS IN AN APPLIED ASPECT)

  • Author(s):Savelina Banova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:229-236
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:possessive pronouns; reflexive possessive pronouns; third person
  • Summary/Abstract:The Bulgarian normative grammar prescribes an obligatory distinguishing in the use of possessive and reflexive possessive pronouns in third person singular. Language use, however, reveals some descent of the normative rules and adapting to various regulations. The current work analyses the results from an experimental material on competing forms of reflexive possessive pronouns vs. third person singular forms of possessive pronouns.
ВЪЗРОЖДЕНСКИТЕ ТЕКСТОВЕ С ГРЪЦКО ПИСМО КАТО ИЗВОР НА ДАННИ ЗА ИСТОРИЧЕСКАТА ДИАЛЕКТОЛОГИЯ

ВЪЗРОЖДЕНСКИТЕ ТЕКСТОВЕ С ГРЪЦКО ПИСМО КАТО ИЗВОР НА ДАННИ ЗА ИСТОРИЧЕСКАТА ДИАЛЕКТОЛОГИЯ
(THE RENAISSANCE TEXTS WITH THE GREEK GRAPHICS AS A SOURCE OF DATA FOR HISTORICAL DIALECTOLOGY)

  • Author(s):Georgi Mitrinov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:237-244
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Historical dialectology; Zlatograd dialect; Renaissance; phonetic peculiarities; Renaissance written monuments
  • Summary/Abstract:The publication presents data on the presence of a mutation e - i in the dialect of Zlatograd as its characteristic, according to data from Renaissance written monuments from the second half of the XIX century. This makes it possible to accept as credible St.N. Shishkov’s published materials on the existence of a mutation in written materials from Zlatograd from the end of the 20th and the beginning of the 20th century.
ЛЕКСИКАЛНИ СХОДСТВА И РАЗЛИЧИЯ МЕЖДУ СЛАВЯНСКИТЕ ДИАЛЕКТИ В ЛИНГВОГЕОГРАФСКИ АСПЕКТ (ВЪРХУ МАТЕРИАЛ ОТ „ОБЩЕСЛАВЯНСКИЙ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АТЛАС. ВЫПУСК 10. НАРОДНЫЕ ОБЫЧАИ”)

ЛЕКСИКАЛНИ СХОДСТВА И РАЗЛИЧИЯ МЕЖДУ СЛАВЯНСКИТЕ ДИАЛЕКТИ В ЛИНГВОГЕОГРАФСКИ АСПЕКТ (ВЪРХУ МАТЕРИАЛ ОТ „ОБЩЕСЛАВЯНСКИЙ ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЙ АТЛАС. ВЫПУСК 10. НАРОДНЫЕ ОБЫЧАИ”)
(LEXICAL SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE SLAVIC DIALECTS IN A LINGUISTIC-GEOGRAPHIC ASPECT (WITH MATERIAL FROM ALL SLAVIC LINGUISTIC ATLAS. V. 10. “FOLK RITES”))

  • Author(s):Margarita Koteva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:245-254
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:dialectology; linguistic geography; Slavic linguistic atlas; maps
  • Summary/Abstract:The article presents some summary dialectical maps from the last volume of the Slavic Linguistic Atlas. In these maps are mapped the names of the holiday-ritual Slavonic folk terminology. The lexical similarities and differences between the Slavic dialects, that are related to the word-forming formats, the nomination and the semantics, are analyzed. The interaction between the dialects, the place of the Bulgarian dialects as part of the Slavic language family and the importance of linguistic geography in the linguistic and cultural context is sought.
КРЕОЛСКИ ЕЗИЦИ НА ОСНОВАТА НА ФРЕНСКИЯ

КРЕОЛСКИ ЕЗИЦИ НА ОСНОВАТА НА ФРЕНСКИЯ
(FRENCH-BASED CREOLES)

  • Author(s):Gueorgui Jetchev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:255-264
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:creole; French-based creole; creolization; decreolization; contact language
  • Summary/Abstract:The article summarizes information about creoles as a particular form of contact languages and examines them as illustrating a kind of both adaptation and domination relationship between two language varieties, resulting from the process of creolization. Such kind of relationship is sometimes reversed and a process of decreolization can follow implying shift from more basilectal to more acrolectal varieties of the contact language (or from creole to patois). The article focuses on creoles that are French-based and attempts to reveal the characteristics that distinguish them from the other creoles. Comments on the nature of these contact languages are complemented with observations on their status, especially in the domain of education, for the different administrative units of overseas France (départements et régions d’outre-mer, collectivités d’outre-mer) and some former French colonies (Haiti, Louisiana in the USA, Mauritius and Seychelles).
ЧУЖДИТЕ ДУМИ В БАНАТСКИЯ ГОВОР: СОЦИОЛИНГВИСТИЧНИ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ ВЪРХУ РУМЪНСКАТА И МЕЖДУНАРОДНАТА ЛЕКСИКА

ЧУЖДИТЕ ДУМИ В БАНАТСКИЯ ГОВОР: СОЦИОЛИНГВИСТИЧНИ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ ВЪРХУ РУМЪНСКАТА И МЕЖДУНАРОДНАТА ЛЕКСИКА
(FOREIGN WORDS IN BANAT BULGARIAN LANGUAGE: SOCIOLINGUISTIC OBSERVATIONS ON ROMANIAN AND INTERNATIONAL VOCABULARY)

  • Author(s):Iliyana Gegova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:264-273
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Banat Bulgarians; language competence; Romanian and international vocabulary
  • Summary/Abstract:Тhe paper is part of a sociolinguistic study of residents of Star Bisnov, Romania, which will show the language competence of Banat Bulgarians with regards to Romanian and international vocabulary. To achieve this survey cards with lists of words were used, with the interviewed marking a degree of familiarity with each word. The main social and demographic factor by which the interviewed were grouped was age, but correlations were found on other factors as well. The study was successful, showing new tendencies in word usage, which will be the basis for a new, more thorough study of the manner of speaking itself, as well as language attitude of the subjects in particular.
РЕТОРИЧЕСКОТО ДОКАЗАТЕЛСТВО

РЕТОРИЧЕСКОТО ДОКАЗАТЕЛСТВО
(THE RHETORICAL PROOF)

  • Author(s):Yana Sivilova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:274-281
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:rhetoric; argumentation; example; enthymeme; Elizabeth I
  • Summary/Abstract:The article analyses the rhetoric strategies in the speech of Elizabeth I. It focuses on the role of the example and the rhetoric syllogism. Special attention is given to mythological basis of the arguments, what specifies their ideological character and urge the analyzers to seek ulterior motives.
СЛЕНГЪТ (НО И ДРУГИТЕ СОЦИОЛЕКТИ) В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕНАТА ЛИТЕРАТУРА (НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ ВЪРХУ РОМАНИТЕ „НЕРОН ВЪЛКЪТ” НА ХР. КАЛЧЕВ И „РЕКИТЕ НА ВАВИЛОН” ОТ П. ПИЩЯНЕК)

СЛЕНГЪТ (НО И ДРУГИТЕ СОЦИОЛЕКТИ) В ХУДОЖЕСТВЕНАТА ЛИТЕРАТУРА (НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ ВЪРХУ РОМАНИТЕ „НЕРОН ВЪЛКЪТ” НА ХР. КАЛЧЕВ И „РЕКИТЕ НА ВАВИЛОН” ОТ П. ПИЩЯНЕК)
(SLANG (BUT ALSO OTHER SOCIOLECTS) IN FICTION (OBSERVATIONS ON THE NOVELS NERO THE WOLF BY HR. KALCHEV AND RIVERS OF BABYLON BY P. PIŠŤANEK))

  • Author(s):Diana K. Ivanova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:282-289
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:slang; sociolects; argot; professional language; fiction
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper examines the use first and foremost of slangisms in the novels “Nero the Wolf” by Hr. Kalchev and “Rivers of Babylon” by P. Pišťanek. The complex relationships between sociolects (slang, argot, jargon, professional language), as well as their interaction with the standard language variety are discussed. Examples from the quoted novels are provided, evidencing the change in the status of sociolectisms (lexemes passing from slang to standardized colloquial lexis, to the substandard layer of the language – in the Slovak language environment, the formation of an intermediate layer between slang and professional language), as well as the flexible and easily surmountable borders between sociolects.
„ОТКРОВЕНО“ ЗА ЕЗИКОВИЯ ШАБЛОН

„ОТКРОВЕНО“ ЗА ЕЗИКОВИЯ ШАБЛОН
(“FRANKLY” FOR THE LANGUAGE TEMPLATES)

  • Author(s):Maria Grigorova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:290-293
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:language templates; language culture; lexical richness; style; media
  • Summary/Abstract:The role of language in contemporary society and, more specifically, in forming its culture, has been the subject of many linguistic research articles. The present article comments on ever-permeating contemporary linguistic patterns which make speech performance poor, grammatically incorrect and stylistically ugly. The above-mentioned templates infiltrate the language via mass media, namely, by the speech produced by journalists and participants in television and radio programmes. The focus falls on odd lexical collocations pretending to be original, but far from being such. Some of the instances include: personal information becoming publicly (and impudently) shared by means of the odd use of the adjective ‘откровен’ (Eng.: ‘frank’); use of the preposition ‘през’ (Eng.: through) instead of ‘чрез’ (Eng.: via; by means of); ‘само и единствено’ (Eng.: solely and exclusively); ‘в смисъл’ (Eng.: meaning; in a sense); ‘по принцип’ (Eng.: in principle), etc. The evidence proving the inability to employ the vast lexical and stylistic richness of the Bulgarian language is continuing to be a cause for concern.
ДУБИТАТИВЪТ И СЕМАНТИЧНИТЕ КАРТИ НА МОДАЛНОСТТА И ЕВИДЕНЦИАЛНОСТТА

ДУБИТАТИВЪТ И СЕМАНТИЧНИТЕ КАРТИ НА МОДАЛНОСТТА И ЕВИДЕНЦИАЛНОСТТА
(DUBITATIVE AND SEMANTIC MAPS OF MODALITY AND EVIDENTIALITY)

  • Author(s):Krasimira Aleksova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:297-306
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:evidentiality; epistemic modality; dubitative; semantic map
  • Summary/Abstract:The main purpose of this paper is to explore the place of the Bulgarian dubitative on the semantic maps of both the evidentiality and the epistemic modality. As dubitative is rarely being expressed on its own, researchers on typology do not focus on it that often, hence its absence on the semantic maps, which in fact motivates the need for this study.
ДОМИНАНТА И ПЕРИФЕРИЯ НА ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧНОТО ПОЛЕ НА ПРИТЕЖАНИЕТО В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК

ДОМИНАНТА И ПЕРИФЕРИЯ НА ЛЕКСИКО-СЕМАНТИЧНОТО ПОЛЕ НА ПРИТЕЖАНИЕТО В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ ЕЗИК
(DOMINANT VERB AND PERIPHERY OF THE SEMANTIC FIELD)

  • Author(s):Margarita Mladenova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:307-312
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:semantics; possessive verbs; lexical semantic field; nucleus and periphery of the possessive semantic field
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper applies lexical semantic field analysis to the semantic field of possessive verbs and presents a model of its structure in modern Bulgarian. Component analysis is the main method to identify the primitives of the semantic structure of the verbs. Four zones of the field are discussed: a nucleus (the verb имам ‘have’, принадлежа ‘belong to’ and also дам, давам ‘give’ andвзема, вземам ‘take’), a zone close to the nucleus, a zone far from the nucleus and a periphery. The last zone is the main subject of interest because there are many non-possessive verbs which may be used as a periphery of the possessive semantic field – verbs of motion and modal verbs in particular.
МЕТАФОРАТА – ПОЛЕМИКИ, ОПОЗИЦИИ, АДАПТАЦИИ

МЕТАФОРАТА – ПОЛЕМИКИ, ОПОЗИЦИИ, АДАПТАЦИИ
(METAPHOR – CONTROVERSIES, OPPOSITIONS, ADAPTATIONS)

  • Author(s):Dilyana Dencheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:313-320
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:metaphor; substitution view; comparison view; interaction view; catachresis; conventional metaphors
  • Summary/Abstract:The article discusses the main linguistic theories of metaphor, such as substitution view, comparison view and interaction view. The author makes an attempt of applying substitution and comparison approaches on metaphors with different type of surface structures. The further discussion on the theory of metaphor leads to acknowledgment of the superiority of the interaction view. Further focus is placed on the acts of adaptation in metaphorical essence. According to the author inopiae causa, conventionalization of metaphors and their interpretation are kind of adaptation.
ЗА НАЦИОНАЛНОТО И ИНТЕРНАЦИОНАЛНОТО В СЪВРЕМЕННАТА БЪЛГАРСКА ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ

ЗА НАЦИОНАЛНОТО И ИНТЕРНАЦИОНАЛНОТО В СЪВРЕМЕННАТА БЪЛГАРСКА ТЕРМИНОЛОГИЯ
(FOR THE NATIONAL AND THE INTERNATIONAL IN THE MODERN BULGARIAN TERMINOLOGY)

  • Author(s):Kristiyana Simeonova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:321-328
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:terminology; borrowings; foreignisms; internationalisms
  • Summary/Abstract:The article discusses the important issues about the role and the place of the foreign words and terms in modern Bulgarian terminology, about the simultaneous action of the processes of nationalization and internationalization, about the question what and how many have to be borrowed and could modern Bulgarian terminology be prevented from loss of its national character.
ОТ ПУРИЗЪМ КЪМ ТЕОРИЯ НА ЕЗИКОВАТА КУЛТУРА

ОТ ПУРИЗЪМ КЪМ ТЕОРИЯ НА ЕЗИКОВАТА КУЛТУРА
(FROM PURISM TO THE THEORY OF SPEECH CULTURE)

  • Author(s):Kameliya Koleva-Ivanova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:329-336
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:purism; neogrammarians; Prague linguistic circle
  • Summary/Abstract:The study follows the leading concepts of language in terms of its purity in the period from the last quarter of the 19th century to the first half of the 20th century. It shows how linguistic patriotism and authoritarianism is gradually overcome in Bulgaria.
НАДМОЩИЕ ИЛИ ПРИСПОСОБЯВАНЕ В ОБУЧЕНИЕТО ПО БЪЛГАРСКИ ЕЗИК ИЛИ ЗА ТАКА НАРЕЧЕНИЯ ПРЕДОПРЕДЕЛЯЩ ЕФЕКТ ОТ ОЦЕНЯВАНЕТО (WASHBACK EFFECT)

НАДМОЩИЕ ИЛИ ПРИСПОСОБЯВАНЕ В ОБУЧЕНИЕТО ПО БЪЛГАРСКИ ЕЗИК ИЛИ ЗА ТАКА НАРЕЧЕНИЯ ПРЕДОПРЕДЕЛЯЩ ЕФЕКТ ОТ ОЦЕНЯВАНЕТО (WASHBACK EFFECT)
(PREDOMINANCE AND CONFORMING IN TEACHING BULGARIAN LANGUAGE OR FOR SO CALLED WASHBACK EFFECT)

  • Author(s):Tatyana Angelova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:339-346
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:washback; Bulgarian language testing; assessment
  • Summary/Abstract:The article discusses the problem of the so-called washback effect in assessment in connection with Bulgarian Language Teaching. A review of Bulgarian, English and Russian specialists’ views about this notion is presented. The advantages and disadvantages of the washback effect by the Assessment in Bulgarian Language Teaching are explained and illustrated by examples from the National External Assessment in Secondary school. To increase positive and decrease negative washback effect there is a need of empirical studies connected with the Bulgarian experience in the classroom and at the National External Assessment.
ТРУДНОСТИ В КОМПОЗИЦИОННОТО ИЗГРАЖДАНЕ НА ПИСМЕНИЯ ТЕКСТ

ТРУДНОСТИ В КОМПОЗИЦИОННОТО ИЗГРАЖДАНЕ НА ПИСМЕНИЯ ТЕКСТ
(DIFFICULTIES IN THE COMPOSITION STRUCTURE OF THE WRITTEN TEXT)

  • Author(s):Antonia Zambova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:347-354
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:composition; written text; beginning; genre; style
  • Summary/Abstract:The text deals with the writing problems of our young people and especially their composition problems. Difficulties in the composition structure of the written text are symptomatic for all young writers and are often due to the lack of genre and stylistic culture. The problems of getting started are also dealt with and the reasons for them.
FRAME TEACHING METHODSIN TRAINING UKRAINIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

FRAME TEACHING METHODSIN TRAINING UKRAINIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
(FRAME TEACHING METHODSIN TRAINING UKRAINIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE)

  • Author(s):Irina Kushnir
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:355-360
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:frame; linguoculturological approach; Ukrainian as a foreign language
  • Summary/Abstract:The article is devoted to the issues of introducing a linguoculturological approach in teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language (UAFL). The frame teaching methods assume the use of frames as cognitive structures «crystallizing» at different levels of a language system when teaching Ukrainian to foreign students. The author suggests combining the cognitive theory of frames and linguoculturological approach in training foreign languages to optimize and intensify an educational process. Examples of introducing the above teaching methods in training UAFL are given.
ЕЗИКОВИ И ПАРАЕЗИКОВИ СРЕДСТВА ЗА ПОВИШАВАНЕ МОТИВАЦИЯТА НА УЧЕНИЦИТЕ

ЕЗИКОВИ И ПАРАЕЗИКОВИ СРЕДСТВА ЗА ПОВИШАВАНЕ МОТИВАЦИЯТА НА УЧЕНИЦИТЕ
(LINGUISTIC AND PARALINGUISTIC MEANS OF BOOSTING STUDENTS’MOTIVATION)

  • Author(s):Valentin Stoyanov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:361-370
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:attention span of students; online communication in class; didactic examples; jokes in class
  • Summary/Abstract:The author shares his own good practices of harmonizing the relations between the present-day technologies and handling with the text. In the spirit of constructivism the report shows how students’ online activities, their speech and perception of the world can become an effective part of the teaching process by interacting with the didactic examples in class. The author introduces units of specific lessons in which passages from youngsters’ chat rooms and advertisements with dialectal and slang forms are analysed. The interaction between speech and technologies can be achieved by activities, which were in the marginal part of the pedagogical interest – graphological analysis (in its simplest form), use of emoticons and paralinguistic means. The fusion of low and high genres, avoided by methodology, but at the same time offered online, provokes the active use of laughter and jokes in class.
ГРАМАТИЧНИ ФОРМИ НА СКАЗУЕМОТО ПРИ ИЗРАЗЯВАНЕ НА УЧТИВОСТ В ОБУЧЕНИЕТО ПО БЪЛГАРСКИ ЕЗИК КАТО ЧУЖД

ГРАМАТИЧНИ ФОРМИ НА СКАЗУЕМОТО ПРИ ИЗРАЗЯВАНЕ НА УЧТИВОСТ В ОБУЧЕНИЕТО ПО БЪЛГАРСКИ ЕЗИК КАТО ЧУЖД
(GRAMMATICAL FORMS OF THE PREDICATE IN EXPRESSING POLITENESS IN THE TEACHING OF BULGARIAN AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE)

  • Author(s):Venera Mateeva-Baycheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:370-379
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:lingodidactic; polite speech; linguistic forms of politeness; verb and politeness in Bulgarian language; context; Вulgarian as foreign language
  • Summary/Abstract:The article is devoted to one of the most important aspects in the process of learning Bulgarian as a foreign language - the interaction between language and culture. Foreign language learning is deeply linked to the student’s comprehension of the concepts of community and culture and the adherence to it. An important segment of the culture are the norms of politeness and the linguistic forms that express them, which serve as a specific code of communication. We are interested in the usage of lexical meaning in context and the choice of grammatical forms of politeness. They are treated as an indicator of linguistic politeness and cultural competence in the speech of foreigners, who are studying Bulgarian language. In view of the selected label units, a conclusion has been made about the used forms of polite speech and the typology of the contextual and morphological errors occurring in foreigners’ answers.
ЗА ИНТЕРПРЕТИРАНЕТО НА ИНОСКАЗАТЕЛНОСТТА НА ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЧНИТЕ ЕДИНИЦИ В ПРОЦЕСА НА ОБУЧЕНИЕТО ПО БЪЛГАРСКИ ЕЗИК КАТО ЧУЖД

ЗА ИНТЕРПРЕТИРАНЕТО НА ИНОСКАЗАТЕЛНОСТТА НА ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЧНИТЕ ЕДИНИЦИ В ПРОЦЕСА НА ОБУЧЕНИЕТО ПО БЪЛГАРСКИ ЕЗИК КАТО ЧУЖД
(ON INTERPRETING IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS WHILE STUDYING BULGARIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE)

  • Author(s):Vesela Shushlina
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:380-387
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:teaching Bulgarian as a foreign language; idiomatic expressions; interpretation; comprehension; reasoning; use of phraseologies
  • Summary/Abstract:The present paper aims at presenting some of the possible approaches to understanding the ingenuity of the various phraseologies when they are introduced in the process of studying Bulgarian language as a foreign one. The development of certain skills to use Bulgarian set phrases is considered a process that takes place in three stages, each of which has a specific purpose and requires a specific approach. The study also includes appropriate tasks and exercises suitable for each of these stages, which aim at improving the receptive and productive skills of Bulgarian language learners when mastering the phraseologies.
METHODICAL MEANS OF ORGANIZING STUDENTS’ INDEPENDENT WORK WHEN LEARNING UKRAINIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

METHODICAL MEANS OF ORGANIZING STUDENTS’ INDEPENDENT WORK WHEN LEARNING UKRAINIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE
(METHODICAL MEANS OF ORGANIZING STUDENTS’ INDEPENDENT WORK WHEN LEARNING UKRAINIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE)

  • Author(s):Tatyana Uvarova
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:388-393
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:independent work; Ukrainian as a foreign language; language teaching methods
  • Summary/Abstract:The article is devoted to the necessity of increasing the efficiency of students’ independent work organization in teaching Ukrainian as a foreign language (UAFL). The essence of the notion «independent work» has been specified, its purposes and advantages have been defined. The author denotes different types of independent work which are urgent for the express course of UAFL. The possibilities of using various language teaching methods for the effective organization of foreign students’ independent work and the control of their educational achievements have been considered. The examples of implementing some teaching methods have been provided.
ЗА ТИПОВЕТЕ ТЕКСТОВА КОХЕЗИЯ ОТ МЕТОДИЧЕСКА ПЕРСПЕКТИВА

ЗА ТИПОВЕТЕ ТЕКСТОВА КОХЕЗИЯ ОТ МЕТОДИЧЕСКА ПЕРСПЕКТИВА
(ON THE TYPES OF TEXTUAL COHESION FROM METHODOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE)

  • Author(s):Reni Manova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:394-401
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:text; second language teaching process; cohesion
  • Summary/Abstract:Language is realized, first and foremost, as text and users of language have to cope with texts. They have to make sense of them and to produce them. The top priority of second language teaching process, therefore, is to help learners engage with texts. There are a number of ways that texts are made cohesive and these cohesive devices are traditionally classified at the level of lexis, grammar and discourse.
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ НА СОЦИОКУЛТУРНИТЕ ФАКТОРИ ПРИ УСВОЯВАНЕТО НА АНГЛИЙСКИ КАТО ВТОРИ/ЧУЖД ЕЗИК

ЗНАЧЕНИЕ НА СОЦИОКУЛТУРНИТЕ ФАКТОРИ ПРИ УСВОЯВАНЕТО НА АНГЛИЙСКИ КАТО ВТОРИ/ЧУЖД ЕЗИК
(SIGNIFICANCE OF SOCIO-CULTURAL FACTORS IN THE ATTAINMENT OF ENGLISH AS A SECOND/FOREIGN LANGUAGE)

  • Author(s):Mariana Gotseva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:405-414
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:SLA; social factors in SLA; usage-based L2 acquisition
  • Summary/Abstract:In the last few decades cognitive and psycholinguistic theories have taken solid ground in the explanation of the process of second language acquisition (SLA), having admitted the key role of the social environment and different social factors, affecting this process. In a study, based on empirical data collected by over 100 participants, the researcher has found evidence in support of certain cognitive linguistic and socio-cultural theories, which claim that L2 acquisition is usage-based and it depends on factors such as social interaction, extensive exposure to L1 in a country where it is used as native, in which L2 learners can be exposed to linguistic models which they can imitate, extend, and generalise, using their cognitive abilities. Interest in L1 culture and environment can also significantly motivate and facilitate L2 acquisition. This, in its turn, could lead to a higher attainment of proficiency in the target language, as this research found.
МОДЕЛЪТ НА ПРЕСЕЧНИТЕ ТОЧКИ – 15 ГОДИНИ ПО-КЪСНО

МОДЕЛЪТ НА ПРЕСЕЧНИТЕ ТОЧКИ – 15 ГОДИНИ ПО-КЪСНО
(THE INTERSECTIONS POINT MODEL – 15 YEARS LATER)

  • Author(s):Katya Issa
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:415-422
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:free associative experiment; words stimulus, associations; patterns
  • Summary/Abstract:In 2002, a large free associative experiment took place on the territory of two capitals in Europe and the Middle East – Sofia and Amman. Associative Bulgarian-Arab language models were created (Issa 2003), which explain the contrasting thinking of Bulgarians and Arabs, as well as the touch points between them. The last model, called the “intersections point model,” offers an appropriate way of communicating. For the purpose of this study, in 2017 the experiment was repeated on a smaller scale with Arab refugees on the territory of Sofia. In it the words stimulus are in line with the new conditions of life in the complex situation created during the influx of refugee waves in Bulgaria.
INFLUENCES OF LINGUISTICS ON THE INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH: CULTUROLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY

INFLUENCES OF LINGUISTICS ON THE INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH: CULTUROLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY
(INFLUENCES OF LINGUISTICS ON THE INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH: CULTUROLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY)

  • Author(s):Ivana Miljković
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:423-430
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:linguistics; culturology; anthropology; multidisciplinary analysis
  • Summary/Abstract:The contemporary linguistics is in expansion nowadays, interfering all the other human sciences and expanding its importance as well as its research field. Considering and analysing the work of Ferdinand de Saussure, the point of view of Claude-Levi Strauss as well as the work of the contemporary linguists, the article suggests multidisciplinary analysis, showing a connection between a science of language, culturology and anthropology and refers to the sociological part in the contemporary multicultural world. The aim of this article is to establish a connection between linguistics and interdisciplinary adaptation of language science, which exceeds its traditional boundaries and takes its legitimate position among the cognitive sciences.
„АЗ СЪМ ТИ СЕСТРА“: ОЛГА И ЖЕНЯ, ИЗГУБЕНИ В ПРЕВОДА

„АЗ СЪМ ТИ СЕСТРА“: ОЛГА И ЖЕНЯ, ИЗГУБЕНИ В ПРЕВОДА
(“I AM YOUR SISTER”: OLGA AND JENNY LOST IN TRANSLATION)

  • Author(s):Ivan Derzhanski
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:430-435
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:semantics; pragmatics; kinship terms; translation
  • Summary/Abstract: Olga and Jenny’s dispute on priority and equality is framed against two other conflicts. One ist hein complete match of language and reality: ‘sister’ is a symmetric relation in the kinship term system but less so according to social tradition. The other is the contest between pragmatics, which Olga relies on, and semantics, which Jenny appeals to. The elder sister’s failure to adapt her argument to the situation almost costs her the sought domination. So how does this dialogue translate to languages where kin terms reflect relative age?
„LEKSYKON AKSJOLOGICZNY SŁOWIAN I ICH SĄSIADÓW“ – МОДЕЛ ЗА ИНТЕРДИСЦИПЛИНАРНА АДАПТАЦИЯ КЪМ ЗАДАЧИТЕ НА ЛИНГВОКУЛТУРОЛОГИЯТА

„LEKSYKON AKSJOLOGICZNY SŁOWIAN I ICH SĄSIADÓW“ – МОДЕЛ ЗА ИНТЕРДИСЦИПЛИНАРНА АДАПТАЦИЯ КЪМ ЗАДАЧИТЕ НА ЛИНГВОКУЛТУРОЛОГИЯТА
(“LEKSYKON AKSJOLOGICZNY SŁOWIAN I ICH SĄSIADÓW” – A MODEL OF INTERDISCIPLINARY ADAPTATION TO THE TASKS OF LINGUOCULTUROLOGY)

  • Author(s):Mariya Kitanova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:436-443
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Lublin ethnolinguistic school; cognitive ethnolinguistics; worldview; world-perceiving; world-conceiving
  • Summary/Abstract:The article discusses the peculiarities of creating „Leksykon aksjologiczny Słowian i ich sąsiadów”. The author stops at seven points of reference, reflecting the peculiarities of the Lublin ethnolinguistic school.
РОЛЯТА НА ЗАГЛАВИЯТА В ОНЛАЙН МЕДИИТЕ

РОЛЯТА НА ЗАГЛАВИЯТА В ОНЛАЙН МЕДИИТЕ
(THE ROLE OF HEADLINES IN ONLINE MEDIA)

  • Author(s):Katerina Voynova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:444-451
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:headlines; figures of speech; online media; manipulation; fake news
  • Summary/Abstract:The development of technology and the specificities of online media define the essential role of headlines. The highly competitive market forces journalists to come up with different mechanisms in order to attract the reader’s attention. This is why one can find a large number of stylistic devices and memorable phraseology in their language. Some of the greatest challenges contemporary consumers face is selecting of information and avoiding fake news.
ТОПОНИМНАТА ГЪСТОТА В ПЛОВДИВСКО КАТО ОТРАЖЕНИЕ НА ДЕМОГРАФСКИТЕ ПРОЦЕСИ В РЕГИОНА

ТОПОНИМНАТА ГЪСТОТА В ПЛОВДИВСКО КАТО ОТРАЖЕНИЕ НА ДЕМОГРАФСКИТЕ ПРОЦЕСИ В РЕГИОНА
(TOPONYMIC DENSITY IN PLOVDIV DISTRICT AS A CONSEQUENCE OF DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN THE REGION)

  • Author(s):Krasimir Koilov, Maya Vlahova-Angelova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:451-458
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:toponymy; demography; toponymic density; migration
  • Summary/Abstract:This study investigates how present demographic processes affect the toponymy in the Plovdiv region by analyzing the current toponymic situation in two settlements – the village of Benkovski and the village of Tsalapitsa. An empirical study was conducted in 2016 in the two villages. The results are surprising and show that the dynamic socio-economic development, the expansion of the territory and the increase of the population of the village of Benkovski lead to a decrease in the number of toponyms in the region while in the depopulated village of Tsalapitsa their number does not change.
УСТОЙЧИВИТЕ СРАВНЕНИЯ С МОДУЛ НА СРАВНЕНИЕТО ЦВЯТ В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ И РУСКИЯ ЕЗИК

УСТОЙЧИВИТЕ СРАВНЕНИЯ С МОДУЛ НА СРАВНЕНИЕТО ЦВЯТ В БЪЛГАРСКИЯ И РУСКИЯ ЕЗИК
(STABLE COMPARISONS WITH THE CHARACTERISTIC OF COMPARISON COLOR IN BULGARIAN AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES)

  • Author(s):Teodora Krasteva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:463-468
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:stable comparisons; color; linguoculturology
  • Summary/Abstract:The subject of the present report are stable comparisons with the characteristic of comparison which is color in Bulgarian and Russian languages. It is part of a larger linguistic and linguoculturological study on stable comparisons in Bulgarian and Russian languages. Stable comparisons are chosen with the next characteristics which are the basic colors like white, black, red, green, blue, yellow and gray. Material is excerpted from dictionaries and supplemented by examples from the Bulgarian and Russian national corpora. Equivalent relations are established. Also, it established how universal and nationally specific these comparisons can be.
ЛИНГВОКУЛТУРОЛОГИЧНИ АСПЕКТИ НА РУЖАТА И УПОТРЕБАТА Ѝ В НАРОДНАТА МЕДИЦИНА

ЛИНГВОКУЛТУРОЛОГИЧНИ АСПЕКТИ НА РУЖАТА И УПОТРЕБАТА Ѝ В НАРОДНАТА МЕДИЦИНА
(LINGUO-CULTUROLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE MARSHMALLOW AND ITS APPLICATION IN THE TRADITIONAL MEDICINE)

  • Author(s):Nadezhda Nikolova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:465-472
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:marshmallow; marshmallow’s names; symbolic; folk medicine; linguistics
  • Summary/Abstract:Plants are the universal symbols of the human spiritual culture. They form a vegetable code and through that code they build up and transmit a whole message. The Bulgarian language is especially rich with names of plants. In this report is mentioned the etymology of the name marshmallow and the derivative names. Marshmallow (Althaea officinalis L.) has received its name from Greek, which means „heal“. Many of the plant species have healing properties. The common names of the marshmallow are: bozha ruchitsa, byal slez, volovo oko, wild marshmallow, prosvirnyak, prusvornik, staliiska ruzha, marshmallow and others. Folk names of the marshmallow are classified according to motivational characteristics – color, properties, place of origin and others. The marshmallow plant is widely used in folk medicine.
ПОЛИТИКА ЧРЕЗ ГОЛОТАТА – НАДМОЩИЕ И ПОДЧИНЯВАНЕ ЧРЕЗ ЕЗИКОВО МАНИПУЛИРАНЕ НА ГОЛОТАТА НА БРАЗИЛСКИТЕ ИНДИАНЦИ ОТ ХVІ ВЕК

ПОЛИТИКА ЧРЕЗ ГОЛОТАТА – НАДМОЩИЕ И ПОДЧИНЯВАНЕ ЧРЕЗ ЕЗИКОВО МАНИПУЛИРАНЕ НА ГОЛОТАТА НА БРАЗИЛСКИТЕ ИНДИАНЦИ ОТ ХVІ ВЕК
(POLITICS THROUGH NUDITY: SUPREMACY AND SUBORDINATION THROUGH THE LINGUISTIC MANIPULATION OF THE BRAZILIAN INDIANS’ NUDITY DURING THE XVIth CENTURY)

  • Author(s):Vera Kirkova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:473-480
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Brazilian Indians; nudity; colonization; language manipulation
  • Summary/Abstract:Thе research (a part of a larger task) is about the study of the language shape of Brazilian Indians of the XVIth century, compiled by using informative texts written in that period of time: direct testimonies of Portuguese explorers, sailors, colonizers and Jesuit missionaries about and from the newly discovered Brazilian territory; the peculiarities of the linguistic reflection of such a general notion as “nudity”, the reference and manipulation of which is purposefully serving the imperial colonization policy in one or another direction (often radically opposite but always related to the ultimate goal of gaining power). On the basis of the interpretation of the nudity, are imposed extreme samples of existence of the Brazilian native, explaining to the world the specifics of the Portuguese policy, followed in the XVIth century, aiming at supremacy and obedience.
ПАРИТЕ КАТО ПРЕСЕЧНА ТОЧКА НА ЛИНГВИСТИЧНИЯ И ИКОНОМИЧЕСКИЯ ДИСКУРС

ПАРИТЕ КАТО ПРЕСЕЧНА ТОЧКА НА ЛИНГВИСТИЧНИЯ И ИКОНОМИЧЕСКИЯ ДИСКУРС
(MONEY AS INTERSECTION OF LINGUISTIC AND ECONOMIC DISCOURSE)

  • Author(s):Elka Petrova, Petar Petrov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:480-487
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:money; phraseological units; cycle of working capital
  • Summary/Abstract:This article examines the reflection of the concept money in the Bulgarian language, in particular in its phraseology fund and folklore and its place in the national psychology of Bulgarians. This paper illustrates how, according to the national psychology of Bulgarians, the cycle of working capital can be viewed through the prism of phraseological units аnd can be explained practically and easily understandable.
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