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By this initiative, I suggest an approach to the most significant aspects regarding the national unitary payment system in the public sector, the management of personnel payment in the Ministry of Defence, as well as the activity of monitoring and controlling the enforcement of the legal provisions concerning salary/military salary establishment, payment, and statement. We consider that each of the three components of the payment system administration – management, monitoring, control – must start from the requirements of the current status of the national unitary salary system in the public sector, relying on the theory of personnel unitary payment management as well as on the experience in remuneration of the Romanian Armed Forces, as well as the armed forces of the NATO and EU member states. Based on our professional experience, we consider that the good practice in salary management, control and monitoring allows the military financial and accounting system to effectively contribute to the development of the military organisation’s competences.
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Military Deception and Concealment Plan as well as other core capability of information operations have to support the commander to achieve the objectives and goal of operation. Jointly, these capabilities aim at the adversary leaders and affect their informational system and, as a matter, of course, the military decision making process. Therefore, this activity requires very good knowledge concerning adversary’s military decision-making process. During the concept of operation development, commander has to pay attention to the desired ememy’s reaction through the important moments of operation. These desires are transformed into the objectives of the misleading actions.
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Military operations play an essential part in ensuring the stability of areas emerging from a conflict and, therefore, require undertaking a series of complex actions meant to find solutions to an extensive range of issues including establishing internal security and the rule of law, facilitating political transition, rebuilding infrastructure, and launching economic recovery in a specific operational environment.
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The always changing business environment and workforce has determined the organizations to recognize the increasing importance of development and professional training. Many companies admit that their long-term competitivity is based on the quality of their employees. Therefore, the professional training is seen as a key point to improving individual efficacy and, to emphasizing organizational efficiency through the needs it fulfils.
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Even if, consistent with the fundamental law, „the treaties approved by the Parliament, in accordance with the law provisions, are part of the national legislation”, there are numerous cases when a deadlock is reached, the cause being the different ways to interpret the legal stipulations. As we try to approach this subject, we will start from the constitutional principle, according to which „the Romanian state is bound to accomplish exactly and in good-faith the obligations that rise from the treaties Romania is part of”. In our endeavor, we will study a real case, from the operation theaters, where such phenomena occur.
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The end of the Cold War has witnessed a major transformation in the global balance of power. A military revolution is underway, and at least some of the technologies that are now being developed will change the nature of warfare in the coming decades. Most modern wars have become irregular or asymmetric conflicts between states and nonstate actors. The resulting wars are not high-technology duels between conventional forces, fact which seems to prove that superior technology and tactics have led to a “Revolution in Military Affairs” (RMA) that will dominate modern warfare.
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According to the latest EU strategy in the field (25 May 2011), the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) addresses the following countries: Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Egypt, Georgia, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Moldova, Morocco, Occupied Palestinian Territory, Syria, Tunisia and Ukraine. As we know, the Eastern Partnership, launched in 2008, includes the following countries: Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan. So even the implied outs of geographic south facade of the ENP includes the remaining countries as listed in the latest official EU document: Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco. Since this is the most effervescent geopolitical area, Southern Dimension of the European Union plays a very important role both in the democratization of these countries and the future EU border extension process.
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The military foreign language courses have a specific character which is different from foreign language learning in general, regarding the target audience, the framework in which it takes place, the types of courses, etc. The foreign language teacher is also different, taking into consideration that he/she has to improve their education by accumulating specialized knowledge in the field and to collaborate closely with military teachers. The present paper is meant to bring further arguments for the participation of military instructors as guest speakers to English courses, be they intensive or non-intensive, to the overall benefit of course participants, teachers, and the teaching process as such.
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The digital economy is the global network of economic and social activities that are enabled by platforms such as the internet, mobile and sensor networks. According to functional objectives, digital economy has three primary components: supporting infrastructure, electronic business processes, and electronic commerce transactions. A digital economy is one that is primarily concerned with the production and sale of electronic goods and services by businesses that function in a virtual environment and deliver those goods and services via electronic commerce. Maximizing the benefit of the digital economy requires action taken by all levels of governments, industry and the community.
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A disinformation operation is, somehow, an active action, which can not remain totally secret. Basically, the two ends of the chain, the source and the endpoint are the most difficult to detect accurately and especially in real time. Inevitably, however, the misinformer must seek ways, scenarios, themes and means which form the under water part of the iceberg.
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The analysis of the relationships between the economic power and the military power of a state emphasises the complementarity and the interdependencies between the resources of the respective state and the combat power of its armed forces. Neutralizing the sources of the economic power of the state, denying the support provided to the combat units by interrupting the logistic flow and destroying the logistics resources are actions that decisively influence the outcome of a conflict. In this context, it is necessary to redirect the strategies and tactics towards forms and procedures that are specific to the economic confrontation, such as the strategic attack, the blockade and the land, air and maritime interdiction.
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The security environment challenges at the global level require a better involvement of the military factor keeping them under control. In this context, it can be assessed that the intelligence means power and the specialized military services have to ensure that intelligence support which helps the political-military decision makers to understand the security situation, and the tendencies of development and to make the right decisions. In the military field, intelligence, as a battlefield operating system, is crucial to success in operations. It means the commanders’ knowledge and understanding of the physical environment. Also, intelligence is fundamental to the planning and conducting of operations, and to force protection, through all dimensions of conflict as it allows the commanders to maintain the control of the situation and mastery of the environment.
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Terrorism is characterized by massive action of horror. Its features, necessary for the phenomenon to be as troublesome as, are quickly production of big psychological and emotional split between the leadership of society and its members and generation of explosion of comments in the media with a paralyzing and destabilizing social impact.
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Autonomous regions were, in some cases, a productive solution for areas with ethnic or religious conflicts, or in areas with tension between the majority and the minority of population. Although there is still debate about the level of autonomy, the region is still subject to a series of political processes, but not any reasons for conflict. However, as opponents of autonomy from Turkey have mentioned, geographical and ethno-cultural realities of Turkey and Middle East are profoundly different from those of Spain and Canada. The crucial element to any system of political autonomy is a high degree of decentralization, a concept considered for long to be similar to a situation of crisis by the Turkish State. Officially, the central state acts as referee of to many local policies, which causes the system to be inefficient and undesirable to many.
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In addition to the many positive effects it brings, globalization leads inevitably to negative effects. Also, these latter includes the escalation of terrorism, one of the most dangerous threats to international security. International terrorism evolves parallel and to apace with globalization, in a unprecedented rhythm either locally or regionally, posing a major threat to international security.
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The physical training of the military people is very important to get success in any type of military actions. The paper shortly describes the system of physical education in Romanian Land Forces, underlying its general objectives and the main characteristics. A very good health and physical state of military people is among the fundamental goals of the commander staff. The paper shows the most representative aspects of physical training in the Romanian Army in the legal and educational context of physical education and sports in Romania. The article also reports the role of the organizational system and management of physical training in Romanian Land Forces, the role of physical trainers and scientific foundation of the whole physical training process of military people.
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The world has passed through a complex process involving deep structural changes and determining a series of interdependent phenomena with profound manifestations on many levels, meant to contribute to the creation of a political, economic and military order on the continent and all over the globe. Defense refers to a multitude of measures and activities developed at the level of the state in order to guarantee constitutional rights for the citizens. The army is valued both by the civil population and the political parties for its high civic and moral qualities and for its real support in need, in case of natural calamities or critical social situations.
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The fundamental restructuring that the world goes through the technological changes and fast assimilation of the new technologies lead to major changes of products, services, and organizations. Technology rapidly spreads its power towards individuals, organizations and nations ready and able to use it. This change is not just an opportunity but a challenge to define and develop new command and control systems.
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In addition to the classical concept of communication, modern approaches take into account how emotions affect the results you get, the activity at work and in life. To succeed in what we want to undertake, it is not enough the logical approach and objective phenomena and hard work, but also the subtle things in the relationship between people in the communication process, namely, the emotions transmitted and created between them in connection with the organization or subjects discussed during the communication process.
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Multinational operations within the present geopolitical and geostrategical environment represent the only credible way of reestablishing a climate of peace, security and reconstruction, in countries which are involved one way or another in political and military crises, having internal and external characteristics.
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In the past, needs assessment did not involve students’ making decisions on their learning and it was regarded more as a dialogue between teachers who had to decide which information was more beneficial for students’ learning. The teacher was the only recognized authority, the guide, the provider of knowledge, the mentor so the only one who had all the information necessary to design a course and choose its content. In time, students began to play a more important role in their learning, first by participating actively in different class activities, and then even in the early stages of course design. The present article will look into some of the benefits of needs assessment for military English courses and into the best ways to evaluate and identify them.
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Reading is an important ability for English language learners as it provides an insight into authentic grammar and vocabulary. In addition, stories exist because they are ways of thinking and knowing, of learning, organizing, exploring and controlling a variety of knowledge not only on language, but also on culture and civilization. It is essential that teachers offer students a variety of fiction and non-fiction materials that will assist them in hearing the rhythm of written language and build the understanding of the nuances of meaning that are useful skills for a certain category of military personnel that have to read authentic materials.
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In the broadest sense, military needs food, clothing, medicines, bedding; to travel he needs all types of vehicles and fuel; to be trained and fight he needs appropriate quantities of arms, ammunition, fuel, lubricants, food, military equipment and other materials; to maintain himself and fighting techniques, he needs adequate insurance, such as medical, technical, financial, telecommunications, cultural, legal etc. For managing the activities material, technical, and medical insurance, services and transportation, military systems require specialized bodies and executive management.
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The not very long experience of NATO and EU member states in multinational operations highlighted not only the common interests to end all worldwide crises but their focus on accelerating and finalizing the ongoing upgrading processes initiated at the level of their own military forces. Therefore, the effort to finalize the ongoing upgrading processes in both organizations and their member states required profound changes of the military in order to reach the objectives changes affecting all components of the military toward norms, principles, organizations and processes.
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International treaties are designed to promote essentially both the common interests of the Parties and entrench in a widely accepted form, certain arrangements. Taking into consideration the above mentioned purposes, the conclusion and the implementation of these documents result internationally in a predictable and agreed demeanor of the states, determining factor of local, regional and global stability. International treaties may, in addition to rights and obligations for the parties, establish some organizations involved in promoting the common interests of the Member States, including the dimension of the local, regional or global security.
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In the current context, characterized by dramatic increase in the complexity of functional relations, of the amount of information, especially of the dynamics specific to financial-accounting domain, there is a danger of increasing redundancy of information and response times to calls for reporting of resources. These hazards can generate decisions characterized by subjectivity and approximations, which inevitably lead to misinformation and lack of realism from the decision making.
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Simplicity, as a quality concept of armed combat, can be encountered in certain processes and activities and directed towards positive aspects, such as efficiency, superiority etc. In this respect, the article highlights the preparation, execution and evaluation of military actions, efficient decision-making.
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At the end of World War I in 1918, many people were determined that such terrible slaughter and bloodshed should never exist again. An international association called the League of Nations was formed by the leading nation involved in the war. Peace and security are the most important aims of the United Nations, the successor of League of Nations. Since 1945, the UN has helped to negotiate peace deals and has provided peacekeeping forces. In addition to working for peace, the UN has many other branches, called agencies, which deal with worldwide problems. Some of these agencies provide aid for people in need, such as refugees. Others are concerned with health matters, living and working conditions, and human rights. All of these couldn’t be possible without logistics support of agencies.
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The banking activity involves first and foremost taking specific risks, while any action concerning internal control and auditing should have as a starting point assessing risks and means of their efficient managing. The risk is a phenomenon which could be liable during carrying out any banking operation or activity and could have negative consequences on the whole activity, such as deteriorating the business quality, decreasing profit or even causing losses and affecting the functionality and the image of the banking system.
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Currently the complex concept of waging this struggle is the revolution in military affairs, which requires, timeliness and optimization of doctrine, bringing it to the technological capability. Together with the appearance of a new type of weapon, doctrine should change as well, because, as far as we saw, the technology tends to outpace the doctrine. The war today cannot be waged, as at the beginning of World War II, because of the modern weapon that provide accuracy and increased hitting power.
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The latest attempts to end some of the global crises by using military force as a last resort, continue to represent, now and in the near future, for the key players on the world stage, no matter they are organizations, alliances, unions, states or simply nongovernmental players, arguments to ensure peace and stability and reinstate the initial peaceful situation. Therefore, some of the most complex entities from a systemic point of view, as UN, OSCE, NATO, Arab League have become more active in forming military coalitions to find a solution to end different crises worldwide.
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One of the most important features of the contemporary era is represented by the scale and speed with which the globalization makes its presence felt in all aspects of human life. Referring to the status of globalization we mean, of course, everything is already known about this phenomenon but also the predictions related to it, given that the economic crisis (global as well) has exposed new aspects that reveal the construction or reconstruction of new centres of power.
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The mission of command and control structures in peacekeeping operations led by the UN is to provide logistical support in an effective, efficient and timely manner, appropriate quantity and quality and at the lowest cost. All these logistical requirements are necessary for the mission to carry out its mandated tasks proportionate to the operational and political constraints.
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New challenges of nowadays security environment require new answers and new approaches. Those are strongly tied with the capacity to adapt to the new requirements of revolution on military affairs and globalization as well as to rethink and implement new tactics, techniques and procedures in order to ensure maximum of flexibility at conceptual, structural and action levels. In this context, the latest developments and modernization of Romanian Armed Forces Military Police structures are underway and identify the proper solutions to maximize engagement of these highly specialized units in Full Spectrum Operations.
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The military educational system plays an important role in building up and developing the intercultural communication competence of all the Romanian military that are to participate in missions abroad, including the stability and support ones. This role firstly refers to the planning of the model of intercultural communication competence of the Romanian military and then, to the application of this model, using all the appropriate acquired methods to this end.
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Regardless of the scale of force that requires support and the size of its area of responsibility, uniform movement, the effective and appropriate flow of personnel, weapons, ammunition and military equipment within the theater of operations, is a key element for the success of the mission. Transport resources rarely will have enough capacity to meet all the requirements that arise, so it is essential to provide detailed control over the resources available to ensure conditions for movement of personnel and equipment quickly where they needed, in a timely manner and in a state of readiness essential for the mission. Knowledge of the factors influencing the control of movement and establishment of policies and procedures for support of the movement and transport is a prerequisite for achieving this goal.
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The extended area of the Black Sea includes three NATO and EU member states, the third state being a potential EU member, Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey, the ex-Soviet republics in Europe, belonging to Moldavia and Ukraine, a great regional power, Russia and the three republics from the Southern Caucasus, Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia. Essentially, the extended area of the Black Sea is an aggregate of security that includes the states whose security problems can not be carried out individually, without having a cooperating position from the other countries in the area. The EU expansion in Romania and Bulgaria turned this one into an important actor inside the Pontical Basin, which imposes the necessity of a coherent vision and that of a long and medium strategy for the extended area of the Black Sea.
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Protecting civilians in armed conflict areas is an essential mission for all civil and military organizations, mandated to act, or involved sequentially along the whole spectrum of peacekeeping operations. The military forces are the most important asset for this purpose, but they cannot do protection in isolation. They have to work closely with international and local civil agencies, in order to integrate the overall support for the ones in need. To provide protection for noncombatants in conflict areas, the military have to deal with a lot of challenges, related to a holistic approach of the mission, adequate training of forces, realistic concept of operations and appropriate capabilities and capacities.
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The security environment in the 21st century is enhanced by incoming and serious risks and serious risks and threats that can lead to escalating crisis situations with negative effects. The North Atlantic Treaty Alliance is continuously adapting itself to such security requirement by carrying out a deep transformation of concepts, structures and actions, the results being the capacity of organizing and deploying expeditionary forces that should be able to manage the enlarged range of global crises. Within these forces, the air branch/component will have a special role due to the following attributes: rapid-reaction capacity, speed, stronger fire power, flexibility etc. The new approaches of the doctrine regarding air operations and not only, foresee a change of logistic support structures within the framework of modularity.
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The security status is a very important aspect for the free development of a society. This is the reason why a fast and objective method of determination of security status in order to determine possible security threats and countermeasures capabilities, would have great practical value. This paper proposes a simple calculation method but also highlights its application limitations as well as possible pitfalls for the user.
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Conflicts in progress in the decades that followed the end of the Cold War highlighted the appearance of a lack of synchronization between, on the one hand, the doctrine for planning and conducting war belonging to the Army, and on the other, the one adopted by the Air Force, whose immediate consequence was the visible decrease in the efficiency of the joint operational effort.
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This article presents some considerations regarding the actual and future security environment that can influence the performance of the military operations and implicitly, the engineering support, as a component that contributes to the increase of the operational potential of a military structure. The wide range of engineering tasks, in which the engineering forces are involved are approached by functions and by ranges of actions of the engineering support, in correlation with the types of actions of the land forces, thus highlighting the importance of the engineering forces in relation with the operation.
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In order to establish a risk prevention strategy in military organization one must conduct an assessment of risk, the purpose of which is to establish a hierarchy of risks in the organization. In the scientific approach proposed, risk assessment represents the assessment of the risk exposure of the military organization. To prevent the risk, one must know the two dimensions of risk exposure - the frequency and severity and achieve an organization's risk profile. This paper aims at presenting some aspects regarding the risk profile of the organization and the size of the exposure to risk.
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As contemporary society gives us a picture of fluid systems, characterized by profound changes, sometimes surprising, which, in order to survive, restructure themselves, redefine their interests, reconsider their laws/relationships and principles, so the Armed Forces, one of the basic institutions of society, is in a continuous process of adaptation, for the same reasons. Romanian Armed Forces Transformation, circumscribed to NATO transformation, has major implications for Land Forces readiness purpose and perspective.
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The spectacular evolution of human society fundamentally altered perceptions of war and armed confrontation and put the old problem of conflict in a new light, due to the accumulation of unprecedented destructive power. In these circumstances, the entire scaffolding theory on conflict physiognomy should pay special attention to the stage following the end of the conflict itself, namely the period that is characterized most often as "neither peace nor war". The diversity of specific post-conflict situations as well as the need to approach and solve a wide range of diverse problems recommend the military structures as the only organisms capable of an appropriate response in such situations, since by their nature, organization and equipment they can act quickly and effectively. Since the subject matter is quite broad, this article aims only to identify some theoretical aspects of post-conflict reconstruction and the principles to be applied in the framework of modern confrontations.
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Analyzing the evolution of the military conflicts, from modern age, I have considered necessary a review of the manifestation mode of the principles of military war in present, especially because of the technological evolution. This is why we believe that a review of this problem is necessary and useful. Therefore, in this case, we will stop, for the beginning, at the surprise, a principle that will always be present in the armed conflicts.
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The need to write this article was generated by interesting debates which I had to mediate in the seminar classes within the Post-university program of life-long professional development, "leadership in the educational management field”, regarding functional and dysfunctional aspects of military educational management. As the educational system and the educational process are distinct entities, while they still depend on each other, we felt the need to make some notional clarifications and underline the practical implications upon the military educational management processes.
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The development of global society, the increase in the impact of communication and exchange of information in international politics, and especially the definition of new evolutionary parameters and new international actors will represent both opportunities and risks for the security of Romania. Romania has assumed an active role in South Eastern Europe as a factor of stability in the region, by promoting good neighborly relations with all neighboring countries.
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By modernizing its military organization’ our country aims to build a small army of flexible, high mobility professionalized, equipped with modern equipment, able to carry out its mission as a provider of sovereignty, independence and unity of the State, the territorial integrity of the country and constitutional democracy and participate in the collective defense within NATO general efforts to strengthen and maintain peace and security in Europe and in the world. To highlight this, we intend to present some aspects regarding the military organization in Romania before and after 1989.
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Diplomacy, in its broad sense, means the art of establishing interaction between states and or international organizations so that well-determined goals may be reached. Diplomacy means, par excellence, a field in which personal contact has a crucial importance, both from the point of view of the protocol that is applied for welcoming the guests of the different states or entities and from the perspective of exploring the intentions of the dialogue partners or their reactions in different situations. The notion of “protocol table”, a diplomacy tool, developed along with the development of diplomacy and has not lost its meaning, in time becoming more and more refined. Currently, an event with diplomatic dimensions cannot be conceived without paying special attention to organizing the protocol table and all its subsequent issues.
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Individuals have always undergone on an intuitive level different activities of civilian protection in order to protect their own lives and goods from wars or natural disasters effects. Certainly, the oldest activity of civilian protection is the evacuation together with the warning and alert. Thus, evacuation, as an action by which the population and goods likely to be damaged by a natural or human caused calamity are moved – temporarily or permanently – in areas wherein physical protection could be provided to them, represents core phase of the type of activity undergone in imminent emergency situations.
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The terrorist attacks that have shaken the whole world through their amplitude and violence, continue to bear dramatic repercussions. The statistics present billions of dollars of damage while continuously adding other victims to the already huge number of dead or wounded. Victims of the attacks on the World Trade Center, Pentagon and London, experienced terror and will feel its taste for a long time to come. There are no parameters to quantify the pain and no insurance companies have been created so far to compensate victims of terrorism for their insomnia, nightmares or tears of helplessness. Terrorism has long term consequences, sometimes spread over several generations, while engaging in such a traumatic episode causes wounds that will never heal, and involves bearing serious mental and psychological changes that often lead to serious mental disorders.
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Future military confrontation has represented a concern of the military specialists, from the occurrence of war to the present. In this context, in an era of a high developed technology and of an extremely dynamic evolution of the society and implicitly of the military phenomenon, I have considered necessary a short approach to this issue starting with present military operation, possible future military confrontations and ending with the physiognomy of the future military operations.
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Security studies operate with dedicated speciality terms, which are found in various studies and in programmatic documentation of national security. Mutual determination between those dedicated concepts are reveling the intimate mechanism of security processes. The excessive use of the concepts of risk, threat and vulnerability out of their relevant meaning may produce major confusions. As for example, there was an intense debate in Romanian media of 2010 and 2011 on one of the vulnerabilities emphasized by The Project of National Defense Strategy – the possibility of vicious media campaigns against the state. This debate presented this vulnerability as threat, even if the last one’s meaning is totally different. The causes of this misleading are complex ranging from ignorance to targeted intention.
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The current operational environment is complex. The planning of all military actions must be coupled with other non-military, potential multinational and non-governmental initiatives intended to stabilize and create a self-sustainable security environment. Thus, a military response must be integrated into a broader framework or a comprehensive approach. The Armed Forces of economically powerful states and democracies are able to cope with a wide variety of asymmetric challenges, but require specific doctrinal changes in order to be successfully countered.
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Conducting the activity with respect to a particular working schedule is one of the specific features of the legal reports stemming from the labor contract. Since the work done involves spending human life force, it is objectively necessary that a working day fall within certain limits, and be just a part of the natural day life.
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Contemporary globalization has been developed by the capitalism tends to create global centers of decision, in whose equation does not include the majority of population. Globalization influences the security problems. Globalization is not a static, but a very dynamic process. It is presented in many forms, and has borders. From the point of view of national security policy, globalization obliges states to integrate military and non-military elements of power. The key to such an effort is the close coordination of the political, military, economic, public policy, intelligence, culture, science and technology. Globalization is a key factor in ensuring national and regional security, but it needs to be supported by global security.
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Guerrilla warfare has different dialectics than the conventional one, based on other manifestation of the relation between space and time. While the regular forces operating on conventional precepts relate to space by occupying some areas or battle alignments, following the succession of some well defined stages, guerrilla formations do not look for the control of the space, but for the use of its peculiarities in order to survive and operate in a clandestine way. Talking about time, the regular forces want a rapid conclusion of war, by the fulfillment of the strategical goals, while guerrillas try to prolong the war forever, with the purpose of wearing down the adversary and degrading his potential.
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Nowadays the civil aviation is the safest transportation means, but to reach this stage the international civil aviation community has made a series of efforts both legal and technical. The main aim of those who disturbed the civil aviation operations was political and the reason for which the civil aviation was chosen as a target to reach their “own interests” was the poor involvement of the international intergovernmental organizations and national institutions responsible for aeronautics security.
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The current security environment is in a complex and continuous dynamics determined by multiple global processes as well as by the amplification and diversification of influence factors particularly asymmetrical in nature, manifesting as risks, threats and vulnerabilities asserting the identification and implementation of new flexible and efficient means of action in order to diminish and/or eliminate the negative consequences of their actions.
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The integrated logistic support implementation has the following objectives: to identify support concepts, to quantify constraints, to participate in source selection, to optimize support concepts, to perform trade-offs among elements, to utilize logistic support analysis (LSA) / LSA record, to update estimates with field data.
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Work accident represents a violent injury to the body as well as professional acute poisoning that occur during the working process, or in fulfilling the working duties, and that causes temporary disability for at least 3 days, disability or death.
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This study aims to examine how Romania has managed to understand and implement the ISAF campaign plan objectives corresponding to the time period July 2006 – September 2009, when our country has held the status of lead-nation for Zabul province – Afghanistan. By applying the SWOT analysis tool, the study highlights some strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that characterized TFZ during conducting its operations in support of NATO's campaign objectives.
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Globalization is supported by the nation state from which it derives its meaning and existence. Arguments of economic globalization, with their image of a border-free world economy, have neglected some deeper processes by which powerful states have changed themselves the rules of the game, including the national defense and security. Member nations have a considerable variety and adaptability - both regarding the reaction to changes and the ability to mediate and coordinate domestic and international connections.
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The lack of historical and praxiological patterns is a major problem for the decision makers of international relations interested in predictions. In this article we used the neural modeling in order to measure the presence of Kantian variables in international relations and to determine certain patterns that can be used in the estimation of future relations between states. Thus, we operationalized, by using the Matlab software, The Copenhagen Security Model through a neural network. The general conclusion of the article is that the structure of the neural network is able to discover important relationships between democracy and conflict. Also, we may conclude that the three Kantian variables are present today in the international relations and their increasing intensity can only have positive effects on international relations.
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The current organization of psychological service is made under the principle of complementarity subject (each branch of Psychology requires a specific training: Psychology called the differentiated psychology, medical and clinical psychology, organizational psychology, psychological operations, etc. to be practiced only by professionals) together with the specialists of different service branches. Also, it involves the principle of interdependence of professionals (priest, general practitioner, psychiatrist etc.) and involves direct (not mediated) communication (unmediated) while ensuring full confidentiality.
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Risk management is viewed as either a stage which must be covered in the implementation of the internal control standard, or as an "inventory" of risks in an organization. Therefore, raising awareness of the management of public organizations or entities regarding the benefits resulting from the adoption and implementation of "Risk Management" is particularly important in the present context. It must be made clear that taking risks is necessary, since the only way to completely avoid a risk is to do nothing, which means that nothing will be ever accomplished. The article aims to highlight the need for an integrated management of risk and the implementation of “Risk Management” internal control standard within each organization.
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The threat against airspace appeared about half a century ago but it has been a problem treated with utmost seriousness and responsibility from the beginning. The present paper’s aim is to popularize the concerns of one of the key players in the world, in terms of development and continuous modernization of surveillance and early warning systems based on radar.
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The concept of stability and security operations, under the conceptual development of NATO as stabilization and reconstruction, involves the conduct by a multinational force of a series of operations, missions and activities through a comprehensive approach, envisaging inter-agency cooperation with civilian authorities and organizations in order to accomplish the transit of a state or a certain area from the end of the conflict to peace, a stage favoring long term development of the entire society and the consolidation of the legitimate right of the individual. The NATO logistic support for stabilization and reconstruction operations starts from an integrated approach of the national and multinational efforts developed in the context of the adaptation of the logistic flow to the strategic distances from the domestic territories.
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Throughout the fraught mankind history a social phenomenon such as human migration was subject to the most interesting changes triggered by the ages when it occurred. Hence, it was natural for various theoretical schools to address it in different manners; nevertheless the aim stayed the same: its accurate understanding so that appropriate policies would be worked out in the field.
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The legal institution regarding the termination of the individual employment contract is of particular importance, because the stability of the legal working relationship is given by the correct identification of its termination possibilities, especially those established by the law.
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The rapid collapse of communism in Central and Eastern Europe, the demilitarization of political, geographical spaces, the ideological and spiritual liberalization, as well as the internal developments in regard to the disappearance of Tito’s regime, have put Yugoslavia in front of a new situation, with an irreversible effect in the entire Eastern European geopolitical area. In Yugoslavia, the process of democratic transformation degenerated into hatred and intolerance, into a bloody war, with regional and global impact that is difficult to predict.
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The goal of psychology of education is to optimize and increase the efficiency of educational activity through the study of actors involved in the learning process and the relationship established among them. The psychology of education helps us understand the content of the field of study (how it may be adapted to the age of the pupils/students/adults; how could it be better structured and made more accessible; how the frame could be created in which the „actors” could easily apply or transfer their information or skills to other fields of study), the organization of the learning process – how to adapt teaching methods to mental particularities of the pupils/students/adults (teaching style and learning style) – and human diversity that the teacher or trainer must work with (do the pupils/students/adults have the aptitudes and the motivation needed for learning?; can someone work with a group of unmotivated persons? what can be done to solve or change these kinds of situations?). Last but not least, through the study of psychology of education, the future teachers/trainers will find the arguments for their own methodological achievements.
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The collapse of totalitarian regimes in the former communist countries during 1989, the German reunification achieved in October, 1990, the official dissolution of the Warsaw Pact, and the disappearance of the USSR in late 1991, marked the end of Cold War and the beginning of a new historical stage. In the new international political context, NATO continued to accomplish the role of collective defense, but it also became a co-operation organism with other organizations involved in guaranteeing security, as well as with the former adversaries. Military and political changes that occurred on the European continent at the end of the Cold War led not only to improving military strategy, by reducing the conventional forces in Europe and limiting the nuclear weapons to the lowest level, but also to reorganizing the Atlantic Alliance itself.
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In the last years, especially after the tremendous diversification of mass-media, the content analysis has become one of the most widely used techniques in scientific research, especially for the exploitation of documents during scientific investigations. Since its inception in 1886, the communication content analysis has been continuously improved, performing a gradual shift from describing communication towards hypothesis testing, especially targeting its effects. Due to the major changes in communication content analysis, this research technique was redefined several times, especially to meet the intent of capturing all its characteristics at the given time.
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The main role of the media is to inform. In NATO and European Union, due to this feature, the media occupies a very important position. Therefore, such a role has to be taken seriously and fully explored. The communication activity of mission, responsibilities and goals within two organizations is a specific task belonging to each member state them being free to manage it in accordance with the public rights. Mass-media is the most accessible channel through which information reaches citizen in a more accessible way.
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States create international architecture to strengthen the density and spreading of information which reduces the tendency of impropriety. In this manner, arrangements can reduce the costs of negotiating and implementing agreements as long as they reduce the need for states to monitor whether the agreements are respected by the other participants, thus promoting trust and cooperation. By strengthening the density and the distribution of information at the international level through international institutions, states have the ability to change anarchy that fits their interests.
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Since December 1989, Romania has constantly and coherently carried out a policy meant to generally strengthen the relationship with the Occident and particularly with the USA and European Union. Romania has proved to be a trustful partner of the allies in the first war in the Gulf and especially during the presidency of the Security Council of the United Nations. Romania has also played an active part within the peace keeping operations in Afghanistan, UNAVEM IN Angola, IFOR/SFOR in Bosnia, KFOR and EULEX in Kosovo and Albania. Romania is an OSCE member and was even a president of this organization in 2001. All these external missions and theatres of operations have been defined by a complexity of the military-political, social, economic situation and by a cultural, ethnical and religious diversity that requires a huge intercultural communication ability.
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Without transport and bases from which to operate and get support, the combat units have a low value in terms of force protection capability and that only if the fight comes to them and they fight on their own territory. Even in this situation the tactical mobility requires giving special attention logistic issues. Understanding logistics is crucial for the success of military operations. Unfortunately, it is often confused. The problem lies less in the conceptual complexity of the subject and more in the large quantity of technical details and the huge quantity of materials involved in the movement of large forces. Someone can get lost in the amount of data, unless he has some clear principles of organization, reference points, and basic rules that provide a broad perspective on the subject.
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The modern guerrilla warfare has become an important component of the contemporary military art, since the conventional conflict is credited with a lower probability. The elements of the military art encountered during such a confrontation are being materialized through a different strategic approach of the relations among space, time and resources that are employed, as well as by specific tactics which lead to the degradation of the enemy’s operational potential, while preserving the own forces’ potential. The military art of modern guerrilla warfare is based on the psychological factor, clandestine posture, simplicity, surprise and represents the real manifestation of the irregular armed confrontation.
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The rapid technological developments in communication and information fields determine changes in the current geostrategic situation. Global communications evolves exponentially time, resulting in the expansion of knowledge of events, issues and activities from all over the world.
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Management as science, and manager’s activity, like daily practice has always been supported by scientific psychology procurement, by progress în plan of theoretical development, by models offered by researchers performing psychological phenomena. Organizations can not be managed without any concern for human resources, without a formal plan for social interactions, officially regulated, but also for emerging human alchemy that fills the space created between the mesh network contingency of norms, rules, formal regulations. This article propose to bring în the attention of the managers operating în the military organization, two procedural theories of motivational work, with significant implications în the interaction practice manager-subordinate.
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At the beginning of the second decade of the twenty-first century, the Republic of Moldavia can be found at a crossroads. Thus, the political class of this country may choose to approach the East or the West, and implicitly Romania, so that to eliminate / reduce the national vulnerabilities circumscribed to numerous weak areas and to strengthen the national security. Given the overall material competence of the Security and Intelligence Service of the Republic of Moldavia, one may appreciate that this institution can play a decisive role in the independent development of this state. In fact, the real immediate challenges related to the Service are to maintain the territorial integrity of the country and to achieve the constitutional goal, circumscribed to the permanent neutrality of the republic, to not allow the deployment of the military troops of other countries on its territory.
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The concept of revolution in military affairs in the military is a real ground for the foundation and development of many concepts and strategies of transformation and reorganization of human capital and acquisition strategies as well as concepts and armament, equipment and technologies used in the most important international military alliances or military competitors, providing a substantial advantage in the fight against asymmetric technological and human threats.
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Regarding the end of the Cold War, Francis Fukuyama states that it is the final phase of the ideological confrontations between superpowers: “the end of humanity`s ideological evolution and the globalization of free democracy as the final form of government”. This “last great confrontation” was seen at the time as the final moment of confrontation for the creation of a unique model for the human civilization. The two superpowers that disputed over the leadership of the world after WW II used all existing methods for forcing their own governmental system. Both the USA and the USSR had in mind winning this confrontation by inducing their own psychological profile upon the mental map of the individual person within the opposing ideological block. The economical component had a major impact, each of the two superpowers seeking to elaborate an economic development model that would be more attractive than the others.
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Operational success is decisively determined by the efficient run of the joint forces command flows with interoperability being a key element accepted as a force multiplier. A proficient response to crises requires the political, military or humanitarian factors to adopt a comprehensive attitude and grant the necessary importance to responsibilities, mandates or spheres of competence specific to each party.
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In the Mediterranean area and Black Sea area, Romania has both interest and a strong tradition of collaboration. Before 1989, the Bucharest regime managed to maintain good relations with both Israel and the Arab states. Bucharest supports Turkey's efforts for EU membership as Ankara supported our country's entry into NATO. Romania, Bulgaria and Turkey are partners în the Nabucco pipeline project, too. Simultaneously, Bucharest has a merit în supporting the interests of the Republic of Moldova to the EU authorities.
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The experience of the years 2009-2012 demonstrated that the initiation of the reform on the legislative framework for regulating the payment system in the state sector, then assuming the law and finally its gradual implementation were controversial topics, especially in the conditions of the effects of the world economic crisis. The payment system in the state sector underwent an ample reform process, begun in 2009 by Framework-Law No. 330/2009 on the unitary payment for employees paid from public funds, then in 2010 by Framework-Law No. 284/2010 on the unitary payment of employees paid from public funds, to be continued between 2011-2013 by the gradual implementation of the new payment system for the personnel from the state sector. Framework-Law No.284/2010, a unitary legislative view on a long and medium term, focuses on the gradual introduction, by means of special yearly laws, of a coherent payment system.
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Lately, the problematic concept of Integrated Logistics has been extensively discussed by logisticians, and not only, and so, different views (as content and form) have emerged. In this present article, we are trying to make our views public regarding the clarification of the concept and its mode of expression. We present the concept under discussion in a systematic manner using the association method, between this and acquisition, namely the development of a weapon system or equipment, the place of the system inside „The life cycle systems management” and the key elements without which any debate is senseless.
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An important element is the development of military capabilities and how each (civilian of military) structure contributes in the process. Choosing the optimal endowment with some kind of technical or military weapons should be a concern for procurement professionals to solve in terms of operational requirements of the military factor. Subject matters experts have to establish in according with operational or specific requirements the kind of development a future capabilities – multirol fighter aircraft. Since we know how to present with scientific arguments (analysis, synthesis, studies, concepts, experiments etc.) to makers category or type weapons/ technical / military equipment necessary to equip the armed forces and success will depend on future military actions.
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The integrated management of defense, is, beyond its conceptual dimension, a reality that we are bound to respond to thereby understanding the needed level of transparency to be accepted, regarding the integrated and integral use of all categories of resources in order to develop/maintain the necessary military capabilities for ensuring the national security of Romania. Moreover, the high and increasing spread between the needed/available resources, and implications raised by Romania’s status of NATO and EU members, namely a ”full integration” in these organizations, requires a unified economic and financial approach for all the activities undertaken by the Ministry of National Defense.
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The current security international environment is continuously changing because of the diversification of the asymmetric risks and threats. In this context, the intelligence structures have to transform and adapt permanently in order to identify the new security challenges, their evolution tendencies, as well as their impact related to the regional and global security situation.
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Reengineering is a new term which represents the alternative of change. This concept suggests the analysis and the complete reconsideration of the principles of administration. Initially, the term “business process reengineering” (BPR) was used. Its examination contributes directly to the understanding of the concept launched.
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Within our article, we considered it necessary to approach the issue of the place, role and missions of the infantry battalion, in all types of operations, due to the multitude of changes that occurred in this structure in the past few years. We also meant to bring up to date these issues, consistent with their future development.
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The main purpose of cyber attacks have remained the same as in the situation of classic attacks, namely expanding or extending the influence of a state or entity over a certain objective, but the means of achieving that have changed, becoming more subtle and at the same time harder to be revealed and countered. Today we are witnessing an increasing number of attacks carried out in the cyberspace, as well as their increasing violence, while achieving a development of cyber attack capabilities, encouraged by huge investments made by some countries.
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In the last years, both national and international activities have been severely disturbed by the consequences of the financial crisis, which have taken control around the world and led to a large-scale economic and social involution. One of the phenomena which have appeared in this period of decline, has been corruption, which had devastating consequences on the economy and not only. Anti-corruption strategy represents an important fighting weapon for preventing, detecting and combating illicit phenomena, implementation being imperative because the presence of these phenomena will finally lead to the degradation of society.
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The ucrainean security strategy emphasizes the main trends of security environment in an objective manner, such as: global actors actions which threaten the strategic and global stability, with a negative impact on the national security; the growing competition between global power centers; the international security system crisis, the unclear fundamentals of the new international security system establishment and the faults of international legislation concerning security. Ucraine represents a surprise through the objective identification of the specific security risks, threats and vulnerabilities and through a subjective externalisation of the majority of risks sources, even those intimately related to their national security.
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In order to improve the employees’ nominal accountancy system and to implement some measures of control regarding the correlation between the level of salaries contributions and the level of contributions owed by the employers, legal persons, an IT application was conceived designed for all the economic agents in Romania who use the labour force in their economic activity.
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The study consists in a brief assessment of the Integrated Logistic Support (ILS) necessity in the Military Equipment Acquisition Process and of the logistics engineering and management. Logistic Support Analysis, and ILS elements (design influence, maintenance planning, manpower & personnel, supply support, support equipment, training, technical data, computer resources support, PKG/storage, facilities etc.) are further approached.
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